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Applied Science Research for All Part 2 College Level

Received: 13 December 2020    Accepted: 25 December 2020    Published: 4 January 2021
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Abstract

This paper is for applied research scientists and any scientists who train students to do research. It consists of two parts: (1) an open door hands-on research training program that helped garner a US Presidential Award for Mentoring and election as Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); (2) a Covid-19 Pandemic virtual research training program that provides readings and You Tubes for the students followed by an opportunity to develop new research ideas. The co-authors of this paper are the students who pioneered the virtual program. In the hands-on program of 263 students who reported their career outcomes to Steve, 52 achieved doctoral degrees and became professors and researchers, 62 became M. D.s or M. D.-Ph. D.s, 33 became dentists, 17 pharmacists, 97 became scientists in research and/or education and 2 became lawyers. Many of the students co-authored lab published papers, abstracts and national poster presentations. The program’s success resulted from an open door policy that invited all interested students to try their hands at research, regardless of their grade point averages, and organizational components that recruited advanced students to help train new students. Universities and other organizations often look favorably on student mentoring in tenure and promotion decisions. Many students can possibly result in more good publications. Readers can determine, by examining the student co-authored papers in the reference section of this paper, if this expanded student-involved program leads to “good publications,” as AAAS and the NSF/White House review committee suggested it did.

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11
Page(s) 1-7
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

College Student Research Training, Applied Research Scientists, Covid-19 Virtual Research Program

References
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[4] S. Oppenheimer,(2020) Cell Clusters in Cancer Metastasis: A Mini Review, American Journal of Applied Scientific Research 6 (2): 43-45, Doi: 10.11648//j.ajasr.20200602.13.
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[6] Singh, S., Karabidian, E., Kandel, A., Metzenberg, S., Carroll, Jr. E., Oppenheimer, S. B. (2013). A Role for Polyglucans in a Model Sea Urchin Embryo Cellular Interaction, Zygote doi: 10.1017/S0967199413000038.
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[21] Idoni, B., Ghazarian, H., Metzenberg, S., Hutchins-Carroll, V, Carroll, Jr., E., & Oppenheimer, S. (2010). Use of specific glycosidases to probe cellular interactions in the sea urchin embryo. Experimental Cell Research, 316, 2204-2211.
[22] Liang, J., Aleksanyan, H., Metzenberg, S., & Oppenheimer, S. (2016). Involvement of L-rhamnose in sea urchin gastrulation. Part II: alpha rhamnosidase, Zygote 24, 37—377.
[23] K. Crocker, J. Deleon, L. Telliyan, K. Aprelian, A. Rosenberg, N. Pouri, G. Beltran, V. Ramirez, D. Kaufman, A. Petrosyan, D. Nazarian, M. Magistrado, S. Matinian, D. Hanna, S. Eskandari, F. Atanante, A. Nerses, G. Zem, S. Oppenheimer A (2020). Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate American Journal of Applied Scientific Research 6 (2): 39-42 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajasr. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12 ISSN: 2471-9722 (Print); ISSN: 2471-9730 (Online).
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[25] Aleksanyan, H., Liang, J., Metzenberg, S., Oppenheimer, S. B., (2016). Terminal alpha-D-mannosides are critical during sea urchin gastrulation, Zygote doi: 10.1017/SO967199416000113.
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[32] M. Alvarez, J. Nnoli, E. Carroll, Jr., V. Hutchins-Carroll, Z. Razinia, S. Oppenheimer (2008). Exogenous Hyalin and Sea Urchin Gastrulation, Part II: Hyalin, An Interspecies Cell Adhesion Molecule, Zygote, vol. 16, pp. 73-78.
[33] M. Alvarez, J. Nnoli, S. Oppenheimer (2008). Carbohydrate-Based Experimental Therapeutics for Cancer, HIV/AIDS and Other Diseases, Acta Histochemica, vol. 110, pp. 6-13.
[34] K. Petrossian, L. Banner, S. Oppenheimer (2007). Lectin Binding and Effects in Culture on Human Cancer and Non-Cancer Cell Lines: Examination of Issues of Interest in Drug Design Strategies, Acta Histochemica, vol 109, pp. 491-500.
[35] Z. Razinia, E. Carroll, Jr, S. Oppenheimer (2007). Microplate Assay for Quantifying Developmental Morphologies: Effects of Exogenous Hyalin on Sea Urchin Gastrulation, Zygote, vol 15, pp. 1-6.
[36] Dreyfuss, J. M., Oppenheimer, S. B. (2011). Cyclodextrins and cellular interactions, in Cyclodextrins in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and Biomedicine, Current and Future Industrial Applications, Edit. Bilensoy, Wiley, Hoboken N. J., chapter 15, 287-295.
[37] S. Oppenheimer (2006). Cellular Basis of Cancer Metastasis: A Review of Fundamentals and New Advances Acta Histochemica, vol. 108, pp. 327-334.
[38] G. Zem, O. Badali, Gaytan, Hekmatjou, M. Alvarez, J. Nnoli, Katus, S. Oppenheimer (2006). Microbead Analysis of Cell Binding to Immobilized Lectin: An Alternative to Microarrays in the Development of Carbohydrate Drugs and Diagnostic Tests, Acta Histochemica, vol. 108, pp. 311-317.
[39] L. Welty, E. Heinrich, C. Garcia, L. Banner, M. Summers, L. Baresi, S. Metzenberg, C Coyle-Thompson, S. Oppenheimer (2006). Analysis of Unconventional Approaches for the Rapid Detection of Surface Lectin Binding Ligands on Human Cell Lines Acta Histochemica, vol. 107, pp. 411-420.
[40] C. Coyle-Thompson, S. Oppenheimer (2005). A Novel Approach to Study Adhesion Mechanisms by Isolation of the Interacting System, Acta Histochemica, vol. 107, pp. 243-251.
[41] E. Heinrich, L. Welty, L. Banner, S. Oppenheimer (2005). Direct Targeting of Cancer Cells: A Multiparameter Approach, Acta Histochemica, vol. 107, pp. 335-344.
[42] M. Khurrum, Hernandez, Eskalaei, O. Badali, C. Coyle-Thompson, S. Oppenheimer (2004). Carbohydrate Involvement in Sea Urchin Gastrula Cellular Interactions Acta Histochemica, vol. 106, pp. 97-106.
[43] M. Maldonado, G. Weerasinghe, F. Ambroise, Yamoah, M. Londono, J. Pelayo, Grigorian, S. Oppenheimer, (2004). The Charged Milieu: A Major Player in Fertilization Reactions, Acta Histochemica, vol. 106, pp. 3-10.
[44] L. Ngo, M. Barajas, G. Weerasinghe, G. Zem, S. Oppenheimer (2003). A New Histochemical Approach for Studying Sperm Cell Surfaces, Acta Histochemica, vol. 105, pp. 21-28.
[45] M. Khurrum, G. Weerasinghe, E. Soriano, R. Riman, O. Badali, S. Gipson, Medina, Alfaro, V. Navarro, C. Harieg, L. Ngo, T. Sakhakorn, L. Kirszenbaum, Khatibi, Abedi, M. Barajas, G. Zem, A. Kirszenbaum, Razi, S. Oppenheimer (2002). Analysis of Surface Properties of Human Cancer Cells Using Derivatized Beads, Acta Histochemica, vol. 104, pp. 217-223.
[46] V. Navarro, S. Walker, O. Badali, Abundis L. Ngo, G. Weerasinghe, M. Barajas, G. Zem, S. Oppenheimer (2002). Analysis of Surface Properties of Fixed and Live Cells Using Derivatized Agarose Beads, Acta Histochemica, vol. 104, pp. 99-106.
[47] B. Salbilla, H. Vaghefi, Chhabra, Hall, Bworn, Sadoughi, E. Francisco, L. Attas, S. Walker, Nguyen, S. Oppenheimer (1999). Analysis of Cell Surface Properties Using Derivatized Agarose Beads Acta histochemica, Vol. 101, pp. 271-279.
[48] V. Latham, S. Oppenheimer (1999). A Simple Image Analysis Method for Evaluating Cell Binding to Derivatized Beads Acta histochemica, Vol. 101, pp. 263-270.
[49] V. Latham, M. Tully, S. Oppenheimer (1999). A Putative Role for Carbohydrates in Sea Urchin Gastrulation Acta histochemica, Vol. 101, pp. 293-303.
[50] V. Latham, L. Latham, S. Oppenheimer (1996). Desktop Computer-Based Image Analysis of Cell Surface Fluorescence Patterning from a Photographic Source Acta histochemica, vol. 98, pp. 295-300.
[51] J. Philip, Rodriguez, R. Bada, F. Ambroise and Hernandez, S. Oppenheimer (1997) Charge Interactions in Sperm-Egg Recognition, Acta histochemica, Vol. 99, pp. 401-410.
[52] Ghoneum, Vojdani, A. Banionis, Lagos and Gill, S. Oppenheimer (1997) The Effects of Carcinogenic Methylcholanthrene on Carbohydrate Residues of NK cells Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 727-741.
[53] V. Latham, Martinez, L. Cazares, Hamburger M. Tully, S. Oppenheimer (1998) Accessing the Embryo Interior Without Microinjection, Acta histochemica, Vol. 100, pp. 193-200.
[54] R. Roque, S. Herrera, Yeh,. J. Philip, T. Borisavljevic, L. Brunick, Miles, Haritunians, C. Addy, R. Bada, H. Vaghfi, S. Matsumoto, G. Picionelli and Rodriquez, S. Oppenheimer (1996). Cell Adhesion Mechanisms: Modeling Using Derivatized Beads and Sea Urchin Cell Systems, Acta histochemica, Vol. 98, pp. 441-451.
[55] M. Daily, V. Latham, C. Garcia, C. Hockman, H. Chun, M. Oppenheimer, S. West, K. Rostamiani, R. Chao, E. Pollock, S. Oppenheimer (1994). Producing Exposed Coat-Free Embryos, Zygote, Vol. 2, pp. 221-225.
[56] M. Spiegler, S. Oppenheimer (1995). Extending the Viability of Sea Urchin Gametes, Cryobiology, Vol. 32, pp. 168-174.
[57] V. Latham, J. Ducut, K. Rostamiani, H. Chun, Lopez, S. Herrera, S. Oppenheimer (1995). A Rapid Lectin Receptor Binding Assay: Comparative Evaluation of Sea Urchin Embryo Cell Surface Lectin Receptors, Acta histochemica, Vol. 97, p. 89-97.
[58] V. Latham, S. Herrera, K. Rostamiani, H. Chun, S. Oppenheimer (1995). Rapid Identification of Lectin Receptors and Their Possible Function in Sea Urchin Cell Systems, Acta histochemica, Vol. 97, pp. 373-382.
[59] M. Ghoneum, A. Banionis, Gill and Romero, S. Oppenheimer (1991) Demonstration of Involvement of Mannose Residues on NK Cell Cytotoxicity using Lectin - Coupled Beads, Natural Immunity and Cell Growth Regulation 10: 132.
[60] S. Oppenheimer, (1976). Biology and Cultivation of Teratoma Cells, in Tests of Teratogenicity in Vitro, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 261-274.
[61] S. Oppenheimer, (1985)). Human Made Carcinogens vs. Natural Food Carcinogens: Which Post the Greatest Cancer Risk? American Clinical Products Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 16-19.
[62] S. Oppenheimer (1984). Cancer and Stress, Longevity Letter, 2 (6): 3.
[63] S. Oppenheimer, (1984). Carcinogens in Food and Water, Longevity Letter, 2 (9): 2-3.
[64] S. Oppenheimer (1985). Carcinogens in the Home, Longevity Letter, 3 (5): 2-4.
[65] S. Oppenheimer (1983). Preventing Cancer, American Longevity 1 (no. 1), pp. 1-5.
[66] Meyer, P. Thompson, R. Behringer, R. Steiner, Saxton, S. Oppenheimer (1983). Protease Activity Associated with Loss of Adhesiveness in Mouse Teratocarcinoma Exp. Cell Res., 143, pp. 63-70.
[67] Meyer, S. Oppenheimer (1982). Carbohydrate Specificity of Sea Urchin Blastula Adhesion Component, Exp. Cell. Res., 139, pp. 451-456.
[68] S. Oppenheimer (1982). Causes of Cancer: Gene Alteration Versus Gene Activation, Amer. Lab., pp. 40-46.
[69] J. Meyer, S. Oppenheimer (1982). Isolation of Species-specific and Stage-specific Adhesion Promoting Component by Disaggregation of Intact Sea Urchin Embryo Cells, Exp. Cell Res., 137, pp. 471-476.
[70] C. Capelle, J. Meyer, S. Sorensen, S. Oppenheimer (1981). Isolation of Aggregation Inhibitory Factor from Non-Adhesive Mouse Teratoma Cells, Exp. Cell Res., 131, pp. 470-476.
[71] W. Childress, Freedman, C. Koprowski, Doolittle and P. Sheeler, S. Oppenheiimer, (1979). Surface Characteristics of Separated Subpopulations of Mouse Teratocarcinoma Cells, Exp. Cell Res., 122, pp. 39-45.
[72] M. Grodin, Nystrom, J. Scordato, M. Cantor, S. Oppenheimer (1979). Relationship of Adhesiveness of Cells in Culture with Specific Enzyme Activity, Exp. Cell Res., 122, pp. 149-157,
[73] M. Asao, S. Oppenheimer (!979). Inhibitor of Cell Aggregation by Specific Carbohydrates, Exp. Cell. Res., 120, pp. 149-157.
[74] S. Oppenheimer (1979). Introduction to the Symposium and Studies on the Surfaces of Separated and Synchronized Tumor and Embryonic Cell Populations. (1979) American Zoologist, 19, pp. 801-808.
[75] S. Oppenheimer, (1978) Cell Surface Carbohydrates in Adhesion and Migration., American Zoologist, 18, pp. 12-23.
[76] B. Bales, Brenneman, L. Knapp, Lesin, A. Neri, E. Pollock, S. Oppenheimer (1977). Modulation of Agglutinability by Alteration of the Surface Topography in Mouse Ascites Tumor Cells Exp. Cell Res., 105, pp. 291-300.
[77] B. Bales, Lesin, S. Oppenheimer (1977). On Cell Membrane Lipid Fluidity and Plant Lectin Agglutinability: A Spin Label Study of Mouse Ascites Tumor Cells, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 465, pp. 400-407.
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[79] A. Neri, M. Roberson, D. Connolly, S. Oppenheimer (1975). Quantitative Evaluation of Concanavalin A Receptor Site Distributions on the Surfaces of Specific Populations of Embryonic Cells, Nature, 258, pp. 342-344.
[80] D. Connolly, S. Oppenheimer (1975). Cell Density-Dependent Stimulation of Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Cultured Mouse Teratoma Cells, Exp. Cell Res., 94, pp. 459-464.
[81] M. Roberson, A. Neri, S. Oppenheimer, (1975). Distribution of Concanavalin A Receptor Sites on Specific Populations of Embryonic Cells, Science, 189, pp. 639-640.
[82] S. Oppenheimer (1975). Functional Involvement of Specific Carbohydrates in Teratoma Cell Adhesion Factor, Exp. Cell Res., 92, pp. 122-126.
[83] M. Roberson, S. Oppenheimer (1975). Quantitative Agglutination of Specific Populations of Sea Urchin Embryo Cells with Concanavalin A Exp. Cell Res. 91, pp. 263-268.
[84] K. Krach, A. Green G. Nicolson, S. Oppenheimer (1974). Cell Surface Changes Occurring During Sea Urchin Embryonic Development Monitored by Quantitative Agglutination with Plant Lectins, Exp. Cell Res., 84, pp. 191-198.
[85] S. Oppenheimer (1983). Utilization of L-Glutamine in Intercellular Adhesion: Ascites Tumor and Embryonic Cells, Exp. Cell. Res., 77, pp. 175-182.
[86] R. Potter M. Barber, S. Oppenheimer (1973). Alteration of Sea Urchin Embryo Cell Surface Properties by Mycostatin, a Sterol Binding Antibiotic, Developmental Biology, 33, pp. 218-223,
[87] S. Oppenheimer J. Odencrantz, (1972). A Quantitative Assay for Measuring Cell Agglutination: Agglutination of Sea Urchin Embryo and Mouse Teratoma Cells by Concanavalin A, Exp. Cell Res., 73, pp. 475-480.
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[89] S. Oppenheimer M. Edidin, C. Orr and S. Roseman (1969). An L-Glutamine Requirement for Intercellular Adhesion, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 63, pp. 1395-1402.
[90] S. Oppenheimer, (2019). Motivating College Students: Evidence from 20 years of Anonymous Student Evaluations, Higher Education Research, doi: 10.11648.
[91] Please Note: Most of the co-authors on these papers are students. These are only the full length peer-reviewed papers from the Oppenheimer lab. Published abstracts and national presentations are not included.
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  • APA Style

    Steven Oppenheimer, Nelli Stepanyan, Aeshah Akram, Osama Alnimri, Gelsey Aranibar, et al. (2021). Applied Science Research for All Part 2 College Level. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 7(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11

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    Steven Oppenheimer; Nelli Stepanyan; Aeshah Akram; Osama Alnimri; Gelsey Aranibar, et al. Applied Science Research for All Part 2 College Level. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2021, 7(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11

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    AMA Style

    Steven Oppenheimer, Nelli Stepanyan, Aeshah Akram, Osama Alnimri, Gelsey Aranibar, et al. Applied Science Research for All Part 2 College Level. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2021;7(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11,
      author = {Steven Oppenheimer and Nelli Stepanyan and Aeshah Akram and Osama Alnimri and Gelsey Aranibar and Rachel Assad and Jose Chacon and Coral Chavez and Nolan Dafesh and Roxanne Duong and Fatmanur Ergun and Jessica Escojido and Kevork Keshishian and Pariya Keykhahomidesfandabadi and Melisa Morales and Mary Nakkashian and Natta Narkmanee and Angelicamae Pomares and Ana Ramirez and Nairi Simonyan and Awazeh Taherpourtorshizi and Magabrielle Thompson and Vincent Villani and Yi Yang},
      title = {Applied Science Research for All Part 2 College Level},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-7},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20210701.11},
      abstract = {This paper is for applied research scientists and any scientists who train students to do research. It consists of two parts: (1) an open door hands-on research training program that helped garner a US Presidential Award for Mentoring and election as Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); (2) a Covid-19 Pandemic virtual research training program that provides readings and You Tubes for the students followed by an opportunity to develop new research ideas. The co-authors of this paper are the students who pioneered the virtual program. In the hands-on program of 263 students who reported their career outcomes to Steve, 52 achieved doctoral degrees and became professors and researchers, 62 became M. D.s or M. D.-Ph. D.s, 33 became dentists, 17 pharmacists, 97 became scientists in research and/or education and 2 became lawyers. Many of the students co-authored lab published papers, abstracts and national poster presentations. The program’s success resulted from an open door policy that invited all interested students to try their hands at research, regardless of their grade point averages, and organizational components that recruited advanced students to help train new students. Universities and other organizations often look favorably on student mentoring in tenure and promotion decisions. Many students can possibly result in more good publications. Readers can determine, by examining the student co-authored papers in the reference section of this paper, if this expanded student-involved program leads to “good publications,” as AAAS and the NSF/White House review committee suggested it did.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    T1  - Applied Science Research for All Part 2 College Level
    AU  - Steven Oppenheimer
    AU  - Nelli Stepanyan
    AU  - Aeshah Akram
    AU  - Osama Alnimri
    AU  - Gelsey Aranibar
    AU  - Rachel Assad
    AU  - Jose Chacon
    AU  - Coral Chavez
    AU  - Nolan Dafesh
    AU  - Roxanne Duong
    AU  - Fatmanur Ergun
    AU  - Jessica Escojido
    AU  - Kevork Keshishian
    AU  - Pariya Keykhahomidesfandabadi
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    AU  - Natta Narkmanee
    AU  - Angelicamae Pomares
    AU  - Ana Ramirez
    AU  - Nairi Simonyan
    AU  - Awazeh Taherpourtorshizi
    AU  - Magabrielle Thompson
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    SN  - 2471-9730
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20210701.11
    AB  - This paper is for applied research scientists and any scientists who train students to do research. It consists of two parts: (1) an open door hands-on research training program that helped garner a US Presidential Award for Mentoring and election as Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); (2) a Covid-19 Pandemic virtual research training program that provides readings and You Tubes for the students followed by an opportunity to develop new research ideas. The co-authors of this paper are the students who pioneered the virtual program. In the hands-on program of 263 students who reported their career outcomes to Steve, 52 achieved doctoral degrees and became professors and researchers, 62 became M. D.s or M. D.-Ph. D.s, 33 became dentists, 17 pharmacists, 97 became scientists in research and/or education and 2 became lawyers. Many of the students co-authored lab published papers, abstracts and national poster presentations. The program’s success resulted from an open door policy that invited all interested students to try their hands at research, regardless of their grade point averages, and organizational components that recruited advanced students to help train new students. Universities and other organizations often look favorably on student mentoring in tenure and promotion decisions. Many students can possibly result in more good publications. Readers can determine, by examining the student co-authored papers in the reference section of this paper, if this expanded student-involved program leads to “good publications,” as AAAS and the NSF/White House review committee suggested it did.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

  • Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States

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