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The Precautionary Principle and the Protection of Biological Diversity

Received: 12 November 2021    Accepted: 25 December 2021    Published: 8 January 2022
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Abstract

Trade in safe and healthy foods is essential for businesses, authorities and consumers throughout the world. When drafting food policies, states should ensure that they provide protection for people’s lives and health, as well as saving social and economic interests on a national and international level. Over the last few decades, scientific developments and technological innovations have enabled us to achieve extraordinary successes in our mastery of technology with a view to improving our quality of life. In this context, biotechnology has opened up a wealth of solutions to problems in sectors such as healthcare, industry, agriculture and the environment. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing humankind is to achieve sustained global economic growth while ensuring environmental protection and conservation and food security for future generations. Environmental policy is today one of the most important social challenges for public authorities and economic agents. It is a very sensitive issue in public opinion as it directly affects well-being and health. The precautionary principle, for its part, arises as a consequence of seeking to protect the environment and human health against certain activities characterized by scientific uncertainty about their possible consequences. The precautionary principle is conceived as the axiom on which environmental policy is based. The most characteristic feature of this principle is that it can be the basis for decisions to derogate from a legal regime that would in principle be applicable. In my research for this manuscript, I have carried out an exhaustive analysis of the precautionary principle in the area of biodiversity, with specific regard to LMOs. To do so, it was necessary to examine the legal, theoretical and jurisprudential aspects of the topic on several levels. This study is divided into three sections. The first offers a legal approach to the precautionary principle, in which the essential elements are analyzed. The second section is devoted to analyzing the precautionary principle in the area of International Agreements. This study would be complete analyzing the risk, damage and scientific uncertainty. The new challenges facing the international community in the area of encouraging fair and equitable participation in the profits obtained from the use of genetic resources are discussed, in the light of the Nagoya Protocol, and a new Protocol concerned with international liability, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Protocol. These Protocols are of great interest, as they provide greater legal security and transparency in the area of LMOs.

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11
Page(s) 1-10
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environment, Precautionary Principle, Food Security, Living Modified Organisms

References
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[19] Doc. UNEP/Bio.Div/CONF/1.
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[22] Doc. UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/1/15.
[23] Freestone, D. and Hey, E. (1996). Origins and Development of the Precautionary Principle. The Precautionary Principle and International Law. The Challenge of Implementation. Kluwer Law International, 12.
[24] The Precautionary Concept in Environmental Policy and Law: Institutionalizing Caution, Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 4, 305.
[25] Freestone, D. and Hey, E. (1996). Origins and Development of the Precautionary Principle. The Precautionary Principle and International Law. The Challenge of Implementation. Kluwer Law International, 13.
[26] Boisson de Chazournes, L. (2002). The Precautionary Principle. Precaution from Rio to Johannesburg. International Environment House, 13.
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[34] Caddy, J. F. and Mahon, R. (1996). Technical Consultation on the Precautionary Approach to Fisheries. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8400S/v8400s05.htm.
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[36] Judgment of the CFI (Second Chamber), Artegodan GmbH and others v. Commission. Joined cases T-74/00, T-76/00, T-83/00 to T-85/00, T-132/00, T-137/00 and T-141/00 of 26 November 2002.
[37] Corti Varela, J. (2010). Organismos genéticamente modificados y riesgos sanitarios y medioambientales. Derecho de la Unión Europea y de la Organización Mundial del Comercio. Reus, 54.
[38] Judgment of the CFI (Second Chamber), Artegodan GmbH and others v. Commission. Joined cases T-74/00, T-76/00, T-83/00 to T-85/00, T-132/00, T-137/00 and T-141/00, of 26 November 2002, paragraph 181.
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    Carlos Ignacio González Arruti. (2022). The Precautionary Principle and the Protection of Biological Diversity. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11

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    ACS Style

    Carlos Ignacio González Arruti. The Precautionary Principle and the Protection of Biological Diversity. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2022, 8(1), 1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11

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    AMA Style

    Carlos Ignacio González Arruti. The Precautionary Principle and the Protection of Biological Diversity. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2022;8(1):1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11,
      author = {Carlos Ignacio González Arruti},
      title = {The Precautionary Principle and the Protection of Biological Diversity},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-10},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20220801.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20220801.11},
      abstract = {Trade in safe and healthy foods is essential for businesses, authorities and consumers throughout the world. When drafting food policies, states should ensure that they provide protection for people’s lives and health, as well as saving social and economic interests on a national and international level. Over the last few decades, scientific developments and technological innovations have enabled us to achieve extraordinary successes in our mastery of technology with a view to improving our quality of life. In this context, biotechnology has opened up a wealth of solutions to problems in sectors such as healthcare, industry, agriculture and the environment. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing humankind is to achieve sustained global economic growth while ensuring environmental protection and conservation and food security for future generations. Environmental policy is today one of the most important social challenges for public authorities and economic agents. It is a very sensitive issue in public opinion as it directly affects well-being and health. The precautionary principle, for its part, arises as a consequence of seeking to protect the environment and human health against certain activities characterized by scientific uncertainty about their possible consequences. The precautionary principle is conceived as the axiom on which environmental policy is based. The most characteristic feature of this principle is that it can be the basis for decisions to derogate from a legal regime that would in principle be applicable. In my research for this manuscript, I have carried out an exhaustive analysis of the precautionary principle in the area of biodiversity, with specific regard to LMOs. To do so, it was necessary to examine the legal, theoretical and jurisprudential aspects of the topic on several levels. This study is divided into three sections. The first offers a legal approach to the precautionary principle, in which the essential elements are analyzed. The second section is devoted to analyzing the precautionary principle in the area of International Agreements. This study would be complete analyzing the risk, damage and scientific uncertainty. The new challenges facing the international community in the area of encouraging fair and equitable participation in the profits obtained from the use of genetic resources are discussed, in the light of the Nagoya Protocol, and a new Protocol concerned with international liability, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Protocol. These Protocols are of great interest, as they provide greater legal security and transparency in the area of LMOs.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department of Justice and Law, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico

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