The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites

Nduka Ekene Udoye; Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites

Nduka Ekene Udoye^*, Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 1 August 2023 Accepted: 17 August 2023 Published: 17 November 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, Ca₂Al₃SIO₄, and Ca₂SIO₄ and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm^-1to 34.6500Ωm^-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
Page(s)	75-84
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AA6061, Snail Shell, SEM/EDS, XRD, MMCs, Mechanical Properties

References

[1]	Ncube, L. K., Ude, A. U., Ogunmuyiwa, E. N., Zulkifli, R., & Beas, I. N. (2020). Environmental impact of food packaging materials: A review of contemporary development from conventional plastics to polylactic acid based materials. Materials, 13 (21), 4994.
[2]	Garg, P., Jamwal, A., Kumar, D., Sadasivuni, K. K., Hussain, C. M., & Gupta, P. (2019). Advance research progresses in aluminium matrix composites: manufacturing & applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8 (5), 4924-4939.
[3]	Mussatto, A., Ahad, I. U., Mousavian, R. T., Delaure, Y., & Brabazon, D. (2021). Advanced production routes for metal matrix composites. Engineering reports, 3 (5), e12330.
[4]	Rajak, D. K., Pagar, D. D., Menezes, P. L., & Linul, E. (2019). Fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications. Polymers, 11 (10), 1667.
[5]	Sharma, A. K., Bhandari, R., Aherwar, A., Rimašauskienė, R., & Pinca-Bretotean, C. (2020). A study of advancement in application opportunities of aluminum metal matrix composites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 2419-2424.
[6]	Sivakaruna G., Dr. Suresh Babu P. (2017). A suvery on effects of reinforcement on aluminium metal matrix composites. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 112-131.
[7]	Prakash Surrya D., Mariappan R., Anand Viswanathan J., Sundar Jana D., Dinesh K. (2018). A review on latest development of aluminium alloy metal matrix composite through powder metallurgy route. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 236-241.
[8]	Rambabu, P. P. N. K. V., Eswara Prasad, N., Kutumbarao, V. V., & Wanhill, R. J. H. (2017). Aluminium alloys for aerospace applications. Aerospace materials and material technologies, 29-52.
[9]	Witte, F., Hort, N., Vogt, C., Cohen, S., Kainer, K. U., Willumeit, R., & Feyerabend, F. (2008). Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion. Current opinion in solid state and materials science, 12 (5-6), 63-72.
[10]	Alaneme, K. K., Fajemisin, A. V., & Maledi, N. B. (2019). Development of aluminium-based composites reinforced with steel and graphite particles: structural, mechanical and wear characterization. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8 (1), 670-682.
[11]	Rozhbiany, F. A. R., & Jalal, S. R. (2019). Reinforcement and processing on the machinability and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8 (5), 4766-4777.
[12]	Singh, L., Kumar, S., Raj, S., & Badhani, P. (2021, May). Aluminium metal matrix composites: manufacturing and applications. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1149, No. 1, p. 012025). IOP Publishing.
[13]	Francis, N., Leonard, M., & John, B. K. (2019). Novel applications of aluminium metal matrix composites. Intech Open, 1-24.
[14]	Reddy, K. S. K., Kannan, M., Karthikeyan, R., Prashanth, S., & Reddy, B. R. (2020). A Review on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 184, p. 01033). EDP Sciences.
[15]	Olusesi, O. S., and Udoye, N. E. (2021). Development and characterization of AA6061 aluminium alloy/clay and rice husk ash composite. Manufacturing Letters, 29, 34-41.
[16]	Venkatesh B., Harish B. (2015). Mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (Al/SiCp) particles produced by powder metallurgy. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 1277.
[17]	Aweda J. O., Kolawole M. Y., Abdulkareem S. (2019). influence of bio-shells addition on mechanical properties of aluminium alloy. international journal of mechanical and production engineering, 34.
[18]	Sijo, M. T., & Jayadevan, K. R. (2016). Analysis of stir cast aluminium silicon carbide metal matrix composite: A comprehensive review. Procedia technology, 24, 379-385.
[19]	Udoye, N. E., Inegbenebor, A. O. and Fayomi, O. S. I (2019). The study on improvement of aluminium alloy for engineering application : a review. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10 (03), 380– 385.
[20]	Sharma, A. K., Bhandari, R., Aherwar, A., & Pinca-Bretotean, C. (2020). A study of fabrication methods of aluminum based composites focused on stir casting process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 1608-1612.
[21]	Jain, A., Kumar, C. S., & Shrivastava, Y. Machining of Composite Materials Using Different Conventional and Unconventional Machining Processes: A Short Review. Advances in Mechanical and Energy Technology: Select Proceedings of ICMET 2021, 75.
[22]	Peter P, I., & Adekunle A, A. (2020). A review of ceramic/bio-based hybrid reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Cogent Engineering, 7 (1), 1727167.
[23]	Irani, N., & Ghasemi, M. (2020). Effects of the inclusion of industrial and agricultural wastes on the compaction and compression properties of untreated and lime-treated clayey sand. SN Applied Sciences, 2 (10), 1-15.
[24]	Udoye, N. E., Nnamba, O. J., Fayomi, O. S. I., Inegbenebor, A. O., & Jolayemi, K. J. (2021). Analysis on mechanical properties of AA6061/Rice husk ash composites produced through stir casting technique. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, 1415-1420.
[25]	Asafa T. B., Durowoju M. O., Oyewole A. A., Solomon S. O., Adegoke R. M., Aremu O. J. (2015). Potential of snailshell as a reinforcement for discard alumiunm based materials. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 1-2.
[26]	Talabi Henry Kayode, Adewuyi Benjamin Omotayo, Olaniran Oladayo, Babatunde Taiwo Faith. (2019). Mechanical and wear behaviour of AL 6063 reinforced with snail shell and copper nanoparticles. International Journal of Engineering, 81-85.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Udoye, N. E., Oluwatowo, F. S. (2023). The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(4), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Udoye, N. E.; Oluwatowo, F. S. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Udoye NE, Oluwatowo FS. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am J Chem Eng. 2023;11(4):75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12,
  author = {Nduka Ekene Udoye and Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo},
  title = {The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20231104.12},
  abstract = {There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites
AU  - Nduka Ekene Udoye
AU  - Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo
Y1  - 2023/11/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 75
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
AB  - There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.

VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Nduka Ekene Udoye

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

Contact Email
Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Udoye, N. E., Oluwatowo, F. S. (2023). The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(4), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Udoye, N. E.; Oluwatowo, F. S. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Udoye NE, Oluwatowo FS. The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites. Am J Chem Eng. 2023;11(4):75-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12,
  author = {Nduka Ekene Udoye and Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo},
  title = {The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20231104.12},
  abstract = {There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Study on Electrical and Mechanical Impact of Snail Shell Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composites
AU  - Nduka Ekene Udoye
AU  - Fasola Samuel Oluwatowo
Y1  - 2023/11/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 75
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231104.12
AB  - There is a demand for lightweight and low-cost engineering materials with enhanced strength especially in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications in this modern age’. This study focused on developing an aluminium matrix composite using the stir casting method with snail shells of particulate size 75µm with varying proportions (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) in order to enhance the properties of the composite such as tensile strength, hardness etc. The aluminium composites were studied and analyzed using the Brinell hardness tester for microhardness properties, UTM SM1000 for ultimate tensile strength behavior, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer were used in studying the surface morphology and the elemental identification of the composite, X-ray diffraction was also used to categorize the crystalline phase of the composite. The results showed the XRD micrographs of the produced composite revealed the presence of calcium and hydroxyapatite derived from the snail shell on the aluminium composite. The diffractive pattern revealed a large number of reinforcements with stable intermediate phase Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca2Al3SIO4, and Ca2SIO4 and so on. The electrical properties increased in conductivity due to the presence of the snail shell particulate within the composite from 31.9693Ωm-1 to 34.6500Ωm-1, thus increasing the capacity of the composite to conduct electricity. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength showed a significant change of 35.8% with the maximum tensile strength of 98.89MPa, achieved at 8% wt. snail shell. The hardness increased proportionally from 55.2HRB to 63.5HRB. Based on the outcome of experiments, this research has shown the possibility of using snail shell particulates as reinforcement in aluminium metal matrix composite and will help to improve the productivity and reliability of component made of AA6061 + 8% snail shell at 75µm.

VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download