Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon)

Moukhtar Mohammadou; Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem; Moïse Adamou; Taïmanga; Daniel Kossini; Sedrick Junior Tsekane; Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe; Edith Laure Kenne; Abdel Kayoum Yomon; Martin Kenne

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon)

Moukhtar Mohammadou, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Moïse Adamou, Taïmanga, Daniel Kossini, Sedrick Junior Tsekane, Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe, Edith Laure Kenne, Abdel Kayoum Yomon, Martin Kenne

Published in American Journal of Entomology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 22 April 2023 Accepted: 9 May 2023 Published: 22 May 2023

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Abstract

Cowpea plants are damaged by insects in North-Cameroon. During ecological survey (2021 and 2022) in 44 plots of 4x3.5 m each, insects were captured on stems, leaves, flowers and pods, stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified in laboratory and the community structure was characterized. We captured 26,015 adults belonging to six orders, 13 families, 19 genera and 19 species. Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera were species-rich orders [five species each (26.3%)]. Hemiptera was mostly abundant (40.0%) followed by Coleoptera (27.6%), Hymenoptera (21.9%), Lepidoptera (0.9%). Heteroptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (0.8% respectively). We recorded five (26.3%) useful species [the West African predator species Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and four (21.1%) afrotropical Apidae species [Apis mellifera adamsonni, Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa olivacea]], seven (36.8%) phytophagous species [the indomalayan native Aulacophora indica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nearctic native Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Palaearctic native Dolerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), afrotropical native Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), afrotropical native Monolepta marginella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Palaearctic native Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Eurasian native Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)]. We recorded seven (36.8%) sap-feeding species [the afrotropical native Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), cosmopolitan Palaearctic native Aphis crassivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), old world native Bothrogonia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), subtropical native Dysdercus cingulata (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), western Palaearctic native Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), North American native Poecilocapsus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the Palaearctic native Riptortus dentipes (Heteroptera: Alydidae)]. Giving up eight (42.1%) native species, 11 (57.9%) non-native species and 14 (73.7%) pest species [three natives species (15.8%) and 11 non-natives species (57.9%)]. The abundant species were M. marginella (39.9%), Poecilocapsus sp. (14.4%), Au. indica (11.4%), Ph. cruciferae (10.4%), C. sulphurea (4.6%), H. misippus (3.7%), L. hirta (3.4%), Ah. crassivora (2.4%) while 11 species (57.9%) were rare (<2.2% each). Insects associated with cowpea consisted mostly of non-native species and the situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of recorded pests. Cowpea plants’ insect assemblage mostly presented in Bockle and Dang, a fairly significant regeneration force (Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot functioning models) and all conditions combine to soar. Due to the numerical and behavioural dominance of non-native insects, a significant number of resources are potentially exploitable. In due course, once the invaders would monopolize available resources and saturate the localities, they would not allow native species the niche opportunities to re-establish themselves. The consequences of loosing native species, which may well interact with the endemic flora and fauna, will be of extreme concern.

Published in	American Journal of Entomology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
Page(s)	38-61
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vigna unguiculata, Pest Insects, Biodiversity, North-Cameroon

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Moukhtar Mohammadou, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Moïse Adamou, Taïmanga, Daniel Kossini, et al. (2023). Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon). American Journal of Entomology, 7(2), 38-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

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Moukhtar Mohammadou; Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem; Moïse Adamou; Taïmanga; Daniel Kossini, et al. Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon). Am. J. Entomol. 2023, 7(2), 38-61. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

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Moukhtar Mohammadou, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Moïse Adamou, Taïmanga, Daniel Kossini, et al. Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon). Am J Entomol. 2023;7(2):38-61. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12,
  author = {Moukhtar Mohammadou and Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem and Moïse Adamou and Taïmanga and Daniel Kossini and Sedrick Junior Tsekane and Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe and Edith Laure Kenne and Abdel Kayoum Yomon and Martin Kenne},
  title = {Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon)},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20230702.12},
  abstract = {Cowpea plants are damaged by insects in North-Cameroon. During ecological survey (2021 and 2022) in 44 plots of 4x3.5 m each, insects were captured on stems, leaves, flowers and pods, stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified in laboratory and the community structure was characterized. We captured 26,015 adults belonging to six orders, 13 families, 19 genera and 19 species. Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera were species-rich orders [five species each (26.3%)]. Hemiptera was mostly abundant (40.0%) followed by Coleoptera (27.6%), Hymenoptera (21.9%), Lepidoptera (0.9%). Heteroptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (0.8% respectively). We recorded five (26.3%) useful species [the West African predator species Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and four (21.1%) afrotropical Apidae species [Apis mellifera adamsonni, Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa olivacea]], seven (36.8%) phytophagous species [the indomalayan native Aulacophora indica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nearctic native Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Palaearctic native Dolerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), afrotropical native Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), afrotropical native Monolepta marginella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Palaearctic native Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Eurasian native Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)]. We recorded seven (36.8%) sap-feeding species [the afrotropical native Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), cosmopolitan Palaearctic native Aphis crassivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), old world native Bothrogonia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), subtropical native Dysdercus cingulata (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), western Palaearctic native Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), North American native Poecilocapsus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the Palaearctic native Riptortus dentipes (Heteroptera: Alydidae)]. Giving up eight (42.1%) native species, 11 (57.9%) non-native species and 14 (73.7%) pest species [three natives species (15.8%) and 11 non-natives species (57.9%)]. The abundant species were M. marginella (39.9%), Poecilocapsus sp. (14.4%), Au. indica (11.4%), Ph. cruciferae (10.4%), C. sulphurea (4.6%), H. misippus (3.7%), L. hirta (3.4%), Ah. crassivora (2.4%) while 11 species (57.9%) were rare (<2.2% each). Insects associated with cowpea consisted mostly of non-native species and the situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of recorded pests. Cowpea plants’ insect assemblage mostly presented in Bockle and Dang, a fairly significant regeneration force (Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot functioning models) and all conditions combine to soar. Due to the numerical and behavioural dominance of non-native insects, a significant number of resources are potentially exploitable. In due course, once the invaders would monopolize available resources and saturate the localities, they would not allow native species the niche opportunities to re-establish themselves. The consequences of loosing native species, which may well interact with the endemic flora and fauna, will be of extreme concern.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon)
AU  - Moukhtar Mohammadou
AU  - Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem
AU  - Moïse Adamou
AU  - Taïmanga
AU  - Daniel Kossini
AU  - Sedrick Junior Tsekane
AU  - Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe
AU  - Edith Laure Kenne
AU  - Abdel Kayoum Yomon
AU  - Martin Kenne
Y1  - 2023/05/22
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
T2  - American Journal of Entomology
JF  - American Journal of Entomology
JO  - American Journal of Entomology
SP  - 38
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0537
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
AB  - Cowpea plants are damaged by insects in North-Cameroon. During ecological survey (2021 and 2022) in 44 plots of 4x3.5 m each, insects were captured on stems, leaves, flowers and pods, stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified in laboratory and the community structure was characterized. We captured 26,015 adults belonging to six orders, 13 families, 19 genera and 19 species. Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera were species-rich orders [five species each (26.3%)]. Hemiptera was mostly abundant (40.0%) followed by Coleoptera (27.6%), Hymenoptera (21.9%), Lepidoptera (0.9%). Heteroptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (0.8% respectively). We recorded five (26.3%) useful species [the West African predator species Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and four (21.1%) afrotropical Apidae species [Apis mellifera adamsonni, Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa olivacea]], seven (36.8%) phytophagous species [the indomalayan native Aulacophora indica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nearctic native Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Palaearctic native Dolerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), afrotropical native Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), afrotropical native Monolepta marginella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Palaearctic native Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Eurasian native Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)]. We recorded seven (36.8%) sap-feeding species [the afrotropical native Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), cosmopolitan Palaearctic native Aphis crassivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), old world native Bothrogonia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), subtropical native Dysdercus cingulata (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), western Palaearctic native Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), North American native Poecilocapsus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the Palaearctic native Riptortus dentipes (Heteroptera: Alydidae)]. Giving up eight (42.1%) native species, 11 (57.9%) non-native species and 14 (73.7%) pest species [three natives species (15.8%) and 11 non-natives species (57.9%)]. The abundant species were M. marginella (39.9%), Poecilocapsus sp. (14.4%), Au. indica (11.4%), Ph. cruciferae (10.4%), C. sulphurea (4.6%), H. misippus (3.7%), L. hirta (3.4%), Ah. crassivora (2.4%) while 11 species (57.9%) were rare (<2.2% each). Insects associated with cowpea consisted mostly of non-native species and the situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of recorded pests. Cowpea plants’ insect assemblage mostly presented in Bockle and Dang, a fairly significant regeneration force (Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot functioning models) and all conditions combine to soar. Due to the numerical and behavioural dominance of non-native insects, a significant number of resources are potentially exploitable. In due course, once the invaders would monopolize available resources and saturate the localities, they would not allow native species the niche opportunities to re-establish themselves. The consequences of loosing native species, which may well interact with the endemic flora and fauna, will be of extreme concern.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Moukhtar Mohammadou

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Moïse Adamou
Taïmanga
Daniel Kossini

Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
Sedrick Junior Tsekane

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Edith Laure Kenne

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Abdel Kayoum Yomon

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Martin Kenne

Zoology Unit, Laboratory of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

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Moukhtar Mohammadou, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Moïse Adamou, Taïmanga, Daniel Kossini, et al. (2023). Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon). American Journal of Entomology, 7(2), 38-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

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Moukhtar Mohammadou; Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem; Moïse Adamou; Taïmanga; Daniel Kossini, et al. Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon). Am. J. Entomol. 2023, 7(2), 38-61. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

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AMA Style

Moukhtar Mohammadou, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Moïse Adamou, Taïmanga, Daniel Kossini, et al. Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon). Am J Entomol. 2023;7(2):38-61. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12,
  author = {Moukhtar Mohammadou and Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem and Moïse Adamou and Taïmanga and Daniel Kossini and Sedrick Junior Tsekane and Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe and Edith Laure Kenne and Abdel Kayoum Yomon and Martin Kenne},
  title = {Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon)},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20230702.12},
  abstract = {Cowpea plants are damaged by insects in North-Cameroon. During ecological survey (2021 and 2022) in 44 plots of 4x3.5 m each, insects were captured on stems, leaves, flowers and pods, stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified in laboratory and the community structure was characterized. We captured 26,015 adults belonging to six orders, 13 families, 19 genera and 19 species. Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera were species-rich orders [five species each (26.3%)]. Hemiptera was mostly abundant (40.0%) followed by Coleoptera (27.6%), Hymenoptera (21.9%), Lepidoptera (0.9%). Heteroptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (0.8% respectively). We recorded five (26.3%) useful species [the West African predator species Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and four (21.1%) afrotropical Apidae species [Apis mellifera adamsonni, Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa olivacea]], seven (36.8%) phytophagous species [the indomalayan native Aulacophora indica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nearctic native Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Palaearctic native Dolerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), afrotropical native Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), afrotropical native Monolepta marginella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Palaearctic native Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Eurasian native Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)]. We recorded seven (36.8%) sap-feeding species [the afrotropical native Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), cosmopolitan Palaearctic native Aphis crassivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), old world native Bothrogonia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), subtropical native Dysdercus cingulata (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), western Palaearctic native Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), North American native Poecilocapsus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the Palaearctic native Riptortus dentipes (Heteroptera: Alydidae)]. Giving up eight (42.1%) native species, 11 (57.9%) non-native species and 14 (73.7%) pest species [three natives species (15.8%) and 11 non-natives species (57.9%)]. The abundant species were M. marginella (39.9%), Poecilocapsus sp. (14.4%), Au. indica (11.4%), Ph. cruciferae (10.4%), C. sulphurea (4.6%), H. misippus (3.7%), L. hirta (3.4%), Ah. crassivora (2.4%) while 11 species (57.9%) were rare (<2.2% each). Insects associated with cowpea consisted mostly of non-native species and the situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of recorded pests. Cowpea plants’ insect assemblage mostly presented in Bockle and Dang, a fairly significant regeneration force (Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot functioning models) and all conditions combine to soar. Due to the numerical and behavioural dominance of non-native insects, a significant number of resources are potentially exploitable. In due course, once the invaders would monopolize available resources and saturate the localities, they would not allow native species the niche opportunities to re-establish themselves. The consequences of loosing native species, which may well interact with the endemic flora and fauna, will be of extreme concern.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon)
AU  - Moukhtar Mohammadou
AU  - Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem
AU  - Moïse Adamou
AU  - Taïmanga
AU  - Daniel Kossini
AU  - Sedrick Junior Tsekane
AU  - Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe
AU  - Edith Laure Kenne
AU  - Abdel Kayoum Yomon
AU  - Martin Kenne
Y1  - 2023/05/22
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
T2  - American Journal of Entomology
JF  - American Journal of Entomology
JO  - American Journal of Entomology
SP  - 38
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0537
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20230702.12
AB  - Cowpea plants are damaged by insects in North-Cameroon. During ecological survey (2021 and 2022) in 44 plots of 4x3.5 m each, insects were captured on stems, leaves, flowers and pods, stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified in laboratory and the community structure was characterized. We captured 26,015 adults belonging to six orders, 13 families, 19 genera and 19 species. Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera were species-rich orders [five species each (26.3%)]. Hemiptera was mostly abundant (40.0%) followed by Coleoptera (27.6%), Hymenoptera (21.9%), Lepidoptera (0.9%). Heteroptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (0.8% respectively). We recorded five (26.3%) useful species [the West African predator species Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and four (21.1%) afrotropical Apidae species [Apis mellifera adamsonni, Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa olivacea]], seven (36.8%) phytophagous species [the indomalayan native Aulacophora indica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nearctic native Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Palaearctic native Dolerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), afrotropical native Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), afrotropical native Monolepta marginella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Palaearctic native Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Eurasian native Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)]. We recorded seven (36.8%) sap-feeding species [the afrotropical native Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), cosmopolitan Palaearctic native Aphis crassivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), old world native Bothrogonia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), subtropical native Dysdercus cingulata (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), western Palaearctic native Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), North American native Poecilocapsus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the Palaearctic native Riptortus dentipes (Heteroptera: Alydidae)]. Giving up eight (42.1%) native species, 11 (57.9%) non-native species and 14 (73.7%) pest species [three natives species (15.8%) and 11 non-natives species (57.9%)]. The abundant species were M. marginella (39.9%), Poecilocapsus sp. (14.4%), Au. indica (11.4%), Ph. cruciferae (10.4%), C. sulphurea (4.6%), H. misippus (3.7%), L. hirta (3.4%), Ah. crassivora (2.4%) while 11 species (57.9%) were rare (<2.2% each). Insects associated with cowpea consisted mostly of non-native species and the situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of recorded pests. Cowpea plants’ insect assemblage mostly presented in Bockle and Dang, a fairly significant regeneration force (Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot functioning models) and all conditions combine to soar. Due to the numerical and behavioural dominance of non-native insects, a significant number of resources are potentially exploitable. In due course, once the invaders would monopolize available resources and saturate the localities, they would not allow native species the niche opportunities to re-establish themselves. The consequences of loosing native species, which may well interact with the endemic flora and fauna, will be of extreme concern.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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