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The Effect Color of Exams has on the Final Grade

Received: 21 June 2021    Accepted: 22 December 2021    Published: 12 January 2022
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Abstract

Student success is an important topic at every level in any university setting, relating to attracting students, retaining students and students graduating timely. Understanding student performance is a complicated topic that has been the focus of many research studies with little distinct conclusion. Past literature demonstrates conflicting results leaving the expectations of this research study open to either direction. This study endeavors to aid in the understanding of factors that affect student success. In this study, a few key factors such as color of exam paper, gender, degree major, employment status, homework grade and position in the classroom are examined for association with the final grade earned by the student. The main focus of this study investigates is the effect of paper color on student exam scores and final grade results in an intermediate accounting class. The additional variables were used as controlling variables to isolate the effect of exam color on final grade. Future research is planned post COVID which has created too many variables to consider effectively and make comparison to the previously gathered data. We do find an effect between the color of exam paper with final grade. In addition, we also find an effect between gender and final grade.

Published in American Journal of Education and Information Technology (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13
Page(s) 14-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Exam, Color, Accounting, Gender, Final Grade

References
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[2] Sinclair R, Soldat A, Mark M. Affective cues and processing strategy: Color-coded examination forms influence performance. Teaching of Psychology [serial online]. April 1998; 25 (2): 130. Available from: Education Research Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 13, 2013.
[3] Tal I, Akers K, Hodge G. Effect of Paper Color and Question Order on Exam Performance. Teaching of Psychology [serial online]. February 2008; 35 (1): 26-28. Available from: Education Research Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 13, 2013.
[4] Camey, J. P., Ryan, N. K., & Shacklett, J. J. (2011). The effect of paper color on student exam performance: Anti-cheating or anti-student? Mustang Journal of Business and Ethics, 2, 9-18. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1265777325?accountid=7113.
[5] Clary, Renee, Wandersee, James, and Janet Schexnayder Elias. Journal of College Science Teaching37. 1 (Sep/Oct 2007): 40-47.
[6] Winter, Janet K., and Esther J. Winter. (2010) "A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PAPER COLOR ON TEST PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION."
[7] Soldat, A. S., Sinclair, R. C., & Mark, M. M. (1997). Color as an environmental processing cue: External affective cues can directly affect processing strategy without affecting mood. Social Cognition, 15 (1), 55-71. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.1997.15.1.55.
[8] Fordham, D. R., & Hayes, D. C. (2009). Worth repeating: Paper color may have an effect on student performance. Issues in Accounting Education, 24 (2), 187-194. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/210888161?accountid=7113.
[9] Meyer, M. J., & Bagwell, J. (2012). The non-impact of paper color on exam performance. Issues in Accounting Education, 27 (3), 691-706. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037804901?accountid=7113.
[10] Will, P., Bischof, W., & Kingstone, A. The impact of classroom seating location and computer use on student academic performance. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (8): e0236131. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0236131.
[11] Blume F, Göllner R, Moeller K, Dresler T, Ehlis A-C, Gawrilow C. Do students learn better when seated close to the teacher? A virtual classroom study considering individual levels of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Learning and Instruction. 2019; 61: 138–47. 1016/j.learninstruc.2018.10.004.
[12] Bergtold JS, Yeager EA, Griffin TW. Spatial dynamics in the classroom: Does seating choice matter? PloS ONE. 2019; 14 (12). 10.1371/journal.pone.0226953.
[13] Workman, J., Heyder, A. Gender achievement gaps: the role of social costs to trying hard in high school. Social Psychology of Education 2020; 23: 1407–1427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09588-6.
[14] Aguillon, S. M., Siegmund, G., Petipas, R. H., Drake, A. G., Cotner, S., Ballen, C. J. The gender differences in student participation in an active-learning classroom. CBE-Life Sciences in Education. 2020; 19 (2): https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-03-0048.
[15] Tus, J., The Influence of Study Attitudes and Study Habits on the Academic Performance of the Students (2020). IJARW | ISSN (O) - 2582-1008 October 2020 | Vol. 2 Issue. 4, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3717274.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Esther Bunn, Marie Kelly, Kelly Noe. (2022). The Effect Color of Exams has on the Final Grade. American Journal of Education and Information Technology, 6(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13

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    ACS Style

    Esther Bunn; Marie Kelly; Kelly Noe. The Effect Color of Exams has on the Final Grade. Am. J. Educ. Inf. Technol. 2022, 6(1), 14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13

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    AMA Style

    Esther Bunn, Marie Kelly, Kelly Noe. The Effect Color of Exams has on the Final Grade. Am J Educ Inf Technol. 2022;6(1):14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13,
      author = {Esther Bunn and Marie Kelly and Kelly Noe},
      title = {The Effect Color of Exams has on the Final Grade},
      journal = {American Journal of Education and Information Technology},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {14-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajeit.20220601.13},
      abstract = {Student success is an important topic at every level in any university setting, relating to attracting students, retaining students and students graduating timely. Understanding student performance is a complicated topic that has been the focus of many research studies with little distinct conclusion. Past literature demonstrates conflicting results leaving the expectations of this research study open to either direction. This study endeavors to aid in the understanding of factors that affect student success. In this study, a few key factors such as color of exam paper, gender, degree major, employment status, homework grade and position in the classroom are examined for association with the final grade earned by the student. The main focus of this study investigates is the effect of paper color on student exam scores and final grade results in an intermediate accounting class. The additional variables were used as controlling variables to isolate the effect of exam color on final grade. Future research is planned post COVID which has created too many variables to consider effectively and make comparison to the previously gathered data. We do find an effect between the color of exam paper with final grade. In addition, we also find an effect between gender and final grade.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AU  - Esther Bunn
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13
    T2  - American Journal of Education and Information Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Education and Information Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Education and Information Technology
    SP  - 14
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-712X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20220601.13
    AB  - Student success is an important topic at every level in any university setting, relating to attracting students, retaining students and students graduating timely. Understanding student performance is a complicated topic that has been the focus of many research studies with little distinct conclusion. Past literature demonstrates conflicting results leaving the expectations of this research study open to either direction. This study endeavors to aid in the understanding of factors that affect student success. In this study, a few key factors such as color of exam paper, gender, degree major, employment status, homework grade and position in the classroom are examined for association with the final grade earned by the student. The main focus of this study investigates is the effect of paper color on student exam scores and final grade results in an intermediate accounting class. The additional variables were used as controlling variables to isolate the effect of exam color on final grade. Future research is planned post COVID which has created too many variables to consider effectively and make comparison to the previously gathered data. We do find an effect between the color of exam paper with final grade. In addition, we also find an effect between gender and final grade.
    VL  - 6
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Author Information
  • Rusche College of Business, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, the United States

  • Rusche College of Business, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, the United States

  • Rusche College of Business, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, the United States

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