Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures

Salih Mohamed Osman; Asma Mohamed Elhussein; Fatma Osman Mahmoud; Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher; Lorenzo Caputi; Andrea Scarcello; Francesca Alessandro

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures

Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, Lorenzo Caputi, Andrea Scarcello, Francesca Alessandro

Published in American Journal of Nanosciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 12 January 2021 Accepted: 3 February 2021 Published: 23 February 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.

Published in	American Journal of Nanosciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
Page(s)	23-27
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

CNOs, Graphite, Arc Discharge, Nanomaterials, TEM, Raman

References

[1]	N. Sano, H. Wang, M. Chhowalla, I. Alexandrou, and G. A. J. Amaratunga, “Synthesis of carbon ‘onions’ in water,” Nature, vol. 414, no. 6863, p. 506, 2001.
[2]	N. Sano, H. Wang, I. Alexandrou, M. Chhowalla, K. B. K. Teo and G. A. J. Amaratunga,“Properties of carbon onions produced by an arc discharge in water,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 2783–2788, 2002.
[3]	J. Guo, X. Wang, Y. Yao, X. Yang, X. Liu, and B. Xu, “Structure of nanocarbons prepared by arc discharge in water,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 105, no. 2–3, pp. 175–178, 2007.
[4]	D. Roy, M. Chhowalla, H. Wang, N. Sano, I. Alexandrou, T. W. Clyne and G. A. J. Amaratunga, “Characterisation of carbon nano-onions using Raman spectroscopy,” Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 373, no. 1–2, pp. 52–56, 2003.
[5]	Jiang-Bin Wu, ab Miao-Ling Lin, ab Xin Cong, ab He-Nan Liua and Ping-Heng Tan, Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices, Chem. Soc. Rev., 47, 1822, 2018.
[6]	Elena F. Sheka, Yevgeny A. Golubev and Nadezhda A. Popova, Graphene Domain Signature of Raman Spectra of sp² Amorphous Carbons, Nanomaterials, 10, 2020.
[7]	F. Alessandro, A. Scarcello, M. D. Basantes Valverde, D C Coello Fiallos, S. M. Osman, A. Cupolillo, M. Arias, O. Arias de Fuentes, G. De Luca, A. Aloise, E. Curcio, G. Nicotra, C. Spinella and L. S. Caputi, Selective synthesis of turbostratic polyhedral carbon nano-onions by arc discharge in water, Nanotechnology 29, 325601, 10pp, 0957-4484, 2018.
[8]	W. S. Bacsa, W. A. de Heer, D. Ugarte, and A. Ch??telain, “Raman spectroscopy of closed-shell carbon particles,” Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 211, no. 4–5, pp. 346–352, 1993.
[9]	E. D. Obraztsova, M. F. Workspace. c, S. Hayashi, V. L. Kuznetsov, Y. V. Butenko, and A. L. Chuvilin, “Raman identification of onion-like carbon,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 36, no. 5–6, pp. 821–826, 1998.
[10]	M. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. Eklund, Science of fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes. London: Academy Press, 965, ISBN: 9780080540771, 1996.
[11]	K. Bogdanov, A. Fedorov, V. Osipov, T. Enoki, K. Takai, T. Hayashi, V. Ermakov, S. Moshkalev, A. Baranov, “Annealing-induced structural changes of carbon onions: High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman studies,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 73, pp. 78–86, 2014.
[12]	R. Borgohain, J. Yang, J. P. Selegue, and D. Y. Kim, “Controlled synthesis, efficient purification, and electrochemical characterization of arc-discharge carbon nano-onions,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 66, pp. 272–284, 2014.
[13]	D. Codorniu Pujals, O. Arias de Fuentes, L. F. Desdin Garcia, E. Cazzanelli, and L. S. Caputi, “Raman spectroscopy of polyhedral carbon nano-onions,” Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 1339–1345, 2015.
[14]	I. Alexandrou, H. Wang, N. Sano, and G. A. J. Amaratunga, “Structure of carbon onions and nanotubes formed by arc in liquids,” J. Chem. Phys., vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 1055–1058, 2004.
[15]	D. Ugarte, “Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation.,” Nature, vol. 359, no. 6397, pp. 707–709, 1992.
[16]	N. Sano, T. Charinpanitkul, T. Kanki, and W. Tanthapanichakoon, “Controlled synthesis of carbon nanoparticles by arc in water method with forced convective jet,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 645–649, 2004.
[17]	Y. I. Kim, E. Nishikawa, and T. Kioka, “Carbon Nano Materials Produced by Using Arc Discharge in Foam,” J. K. Phy. Soc, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1032–1035, 2009.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, Lorenzo Caputi, et al. (2021). Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures. American Journal of Nanosciences, 7(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Salih Mohamed Osman; Asma Mohamed Elhussein; Fatma Osman Mahmoud; Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher; Lorenzo Caputi, et al. Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures. Am. J. Nanosci. 2021, 7(1), 23-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, Lorenzo Caputi, et al. Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures. Am J Nanosci. 2021;7(1):23-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14,
  author = {Salih Mohamed Osman and Asma Mohamed Elhussein and Fatma Osman Mahmoud and Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher and Lorenzo Caputi and Andrea Scarcello and Francesca Alessandro},
  title = {Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures},
  journal = {American Journal of Nanosciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajn.20210701.14},
  abstract = {Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures
AU  - Salih Mohamed Osman
AU  - Asma Mohamed Elhussein
AU  - Fatma Osman Mahmoud
AU  - Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher
AU  - Lorenzo Caputi
AU  - Andrea Scarcello
AU  - Francesca Alessandro
Y1  - 2021/02/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
T2  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JF  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JO  - American Journal of Nanosciences
SP  - 23
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
AB  - Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Salih Mohamed Osman

Department of Physics, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan
Asma Mohamed Elhussein

Qilwah College of Science and Arts, Department of Physics, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
Fatma Osman Mahmoud

Department of Physics, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan
Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher

Department of Physics, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan
Lorenzo Caputi

Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Andrea Scarcello

Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Francesca Alessandro

Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, Lorenzo Caputi, et al. (2021). Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures. American Journal of Nanosciences, 7(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Salih Mohamed Osman; Asma Mohamed Elhussein; Fatma Osman Mahmoud; Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher; Lorenzo Caputi, et al. Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures. Am. J. Nanosci. 2021, 7(1), 23-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, Lorenzo Caputi, et al. Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures. Am J Nanosci. 2021;7(1):23-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14,
  author = {Salih Mohamed Osman and Asma Mohamed Elhussein and Fatma Osman Mahmoud and Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher and Lorenzo Caputi and Andrea Scarcello and Francesca Alessandro},
  title = {Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures},
  journal = {American Journal of Nanosciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajn.20210701.14},
  abstract = {Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures
AU  - Salih Mohamed Osman
AU  - Asma Mohamed Elhussein
AU  - Fatma Osman Mahmoud
AU  - Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher
AU  - Lorenzo Caputi
AU  - Andrea Scarcello
AU  - Francesca Alessandro
Y1  - 2021/02/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
T2  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JF  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JO  - American Journal of Nanosciences
SP  - 23
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.14
AB  - Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download