Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis

Patrick Galland; Frank Maria Fischer; Oana Funke; Stephan Förster; Berenike Steven; Melissa Spitzer

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis

Patrick Galland, Frank Maria Fischer, Oana Funke, Stephan Förster, Berenike Steven, Melissa Spitzer

Published in American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 1 March 2022 Accepted: 6 April 2022 Published: 20 April 2022

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Abstract

The most common late sequelae of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSVE) include secondary epilepsy, learning, language and memory disorders, and chronic headaches. The typical pattern of HSVE leads to necrosis in the temporal and frontal lobes, thus affecting areas of the brain specifically responsible for the coordination of memory and emotion. This case report describes the course of a patient who, in addition to the typical neurological long-term sequelae, also showed severe psychiatric abnormalities and subsequently addresses the question of why there have been hardly any reports of child and adolescent psychiatric late sequelae after HSVE to date. It can be assumed that the frequency of psychiatric late sequelae is underestimated in pediatrics and in child and adolescent psychiatry and that a targeted anamnestic diagnosis is therefore too often omitted later in child and adolescent psychiatry when psychiatric symptoms appear with a long latency. The second part of the article reviews the state of research to date, revealing that there are too few data on how often and to what extent early-experienced HSVE leads to psychiatric late effects. On the basis of the case report, the specific symptoms to which particular attention should be paid and the brain structures that are typically involved in relation to a psychiatric disorder are presented. From this, it can be deduced, according to the conclusion in the third part of the article, which medications might help. Because of the typical symptomatology of emotional instability some years after HSVE, it is suggested to consider the possibility of mood-stabilizing therapy. The results from the case report presented suggest this.

Published in	American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
Page(s)	77-85
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Encephalitis, Psychiatric Late Effects, Small Brain Lesions, Emotional Lability, Trauma, Borderline Personality, Mood Stabilizing Therapy

References

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APA Style

Patrick Galland, Frank Maria Fischer, Oana Funke, Stephan Förster, Berenike Steven, et al. (2022). Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis. American Journal of Pediatrics, 8(2), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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ACS Style

Patrick Galland; Frank Maria Fischer; Oana Funke; Stephan Förster; Berenike Steven, et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis. Am. J. Pediatr. 2022, 8(2), 77-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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AMA Style

Patrick Galland, Frank Maria Fischer, Oana Funke, Stephan Förster, Berenike Steven, et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis. Am J Pediatr. 2022;8(2):77-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15,
  author = {Patrick Galland and Frank Maria Fischer and Oana Funke and Stephan Förster and Berenike Steven and Melissa Spitzer},
  title = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {77-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20220802.15},
  abstract = {The most common late sequelae of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSVE) include secondary epilepsy, learning, language and memory disorders, and chronic headaches. The typical pattern of HSVE leads to necrosis in the temporal and frontal lobes, thus affecting areas of the brain specifically responsible for the coordination of memory and emotion. This case report describes the course of a patient who, in addition to the typical neurological long-term sequelae, also showed severe psychiatric abnormalities and subsequently addresses the question of why there have been hardly any reports of child and adolescent psychiatric late sequelae after HSVE to date. It can be assumed that the frequency of psychiatric late sequelae is underestimated in pediatrics and in child and adolescent psychiatry and that a targeted anamnestic diagnosis is therefore too often omitted later in child and adolescent psychiatry when psychiatric symptoms appear with a long latency. The second part of the article reviews the state of research to date, revealing that there are too few data on how often and to what extent early-experienced HSVE leads to psychiatric late effects. On the basis of the case report, the specific symptoms to which particular attention should be paid and the brain structures that are typically involved in relation to a psychiatric disorder are presented. From this, it can be deduced, according to the conclusion in the third part of the article, which medications might help. Because of the typical symptomatology of emotional instability some years after HSVE, it is suggested to consider the possibility of mood-stabilizing therapy. The results from the case report presented suggest this.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis
AU  - Patrick Galland
AU  - Frank Maria Fischer
AU  - Oana Funke
AU  - Stephan Förster
AU  - Berenike Steven
AU  - Melissa Spitzer
Y1  - 2022/04/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
AB  - The most common late sequelae of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSVE) include secondary epilepsy, learning, language and memory disorders, and chronic headaches. The typical pattern of HSVE leads to necrosis in the temporal and frontal lobes, thus affecting areas of the brain specifically responsible for the coordination of memory and emotion. This case report describes the course of a patient who, in addition to the typical neurological long-term sequelae, also showed severe psychiatric abnormalities and subsequently addresses the question of why there have been hardly any reports of child and adolescent psychiatric late sequelae after HSVE to date. It can be assumed that the frequency of psychiatric late sequelae is underestimated in pediatrics and in child and adolescent psychiatry and that a targeted anamnestic diagnosis is therefore too often omitted later in child and adolescent psychiatry when psychiatric symptoms appear with a long latency. The second part of the article reviews the state of research to date, revealing that there are too few data on how often and to what extent early-experienced HSVE leads to psychiatric late effects. On the basis of the case report, the specific symptoms to which particular attention should be paid and the brain structures that are typically involved in relation to a psychiatric disorder are presented. From this, it can be deduced, according to the conclusion in the third part of the article, which medications might help. Because of the typical symptomatology of emotional instability some years after HSVE, it is suggested to consider the possibility of mood-stabilizing therapy. The results from the case report presented suggest this.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Patrick Galland

Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Medical Center for Children and Adolescents Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
Frank Maria Fischer

Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Medical Center for Children and Adolescents Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
Oana Funke

Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Medical Center for Children and Adolescents Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
Stephan Förster
Berenike Steven

Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Medical Center for Children and Adolescents Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
Melissa Spitzer

Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Medical Center for Children and Adolescents Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Patrick Galland, Frank Maria Fischer, Oana Funke, Stephan Förster, Berenike Steven, et al. (2022). Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis. American Journal of Pediatrics, 8(2), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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ACS Style

Patrick Galland; Frank Maria Fischer; Oana Funke; Stephan Förster; Berenike Steven, et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis. Am. J. Pediatr. 2022, 8(2), 77-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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AMA Style

Patrick Galland, Frank Maria Fischer, Oana Funke, Stephan Förster, Berenike Steven, et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis. Am J Pediatr. 2022;8(2):77-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15,
  author = {Patrick Galland and Frank Maria Fischer and Oana Funke and Stephan Förster and Berenike Steven and Melissa Spitzer},
  title = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {77-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20220802.15},
  abstract = {The most common late sequelae of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSVE) include secondary epilepsy, learning, language and memory disorders, and chronic headaches. The typical pattern of HSVE leads to necrosis in the temporal and frontal lobes, thus affecting areas of the brain specifically responsible for the coordination of memory and emotion. This case report describes the course of a patient who, in addition to the typical neurological long-term sequelae, also showed severe psychiatric abnormalities and subsequently addresses the question of why there have been hardly any reports of child and adolescent psychiatric late sequelae after HSVE to date. It can be assumed that the frequency of psychiatric late sequelae is underestimated in pediatrics and in child and adolescent psychiatry and that a targeted anamnestic diagnosis is therefore too often omitted later in child and adolescent psychiatry when psychiatric symptoms appear with a long latency. The second part of the article reviews the state of research to date, revealing that there are too few data on how often and to what extent early-experienced HSVE leads to psychiatric late effects. On the basis of the case report, the specific symptoms to which particular attention should be paid and the brain structures that are typically involved in relation to a psychiatric disorder are presented. From this, it can be deduced, according to the conclusion in the third part of the article, which medications might help. Because of the typical symptomatology of emotional instability some years after HSVE, it is suggested to consider the possibility of mood-stabilizing therapy. The results from the case report presented suggest this.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Late Effects of Early Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis
AU  - Patrick Galland
AU  - Frank Maria Fischer
AU  - Oana Funke
AU  - Stephan Förster
AU  - Berenike Steven
AU  - Melissa Spitzer
Y1  - 2022/04/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
SP  - 77
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-0909
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20220802.15
AB  - The most common late sequelae of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSVE) include secondary epilepsy, learning, language and memory disorders, and chronic headaches. The typical pattern of HSVE leads to necrosis in the temporal and frontal lobes, thus affecting areas of the brain specifically responsible for the coordination of memory and emotion. This case report describes the course of a patient who, in addition to the typical neurological long-term sequelae, also showed severe psychiatric abnormalities and subsequently addresses the question of why there have been hardly any reports of child and adolescent psychiatric late sequelae after HSVE to date. It can be assumed that the frequency of psychiatric late sequelae is underestimated in pediatrics and in child and adolescent psychiatry and that a targeted anamnestic diagnosis is therefore too often omitted later in child and adolescent psychiatry when psychiatric symptoms appear with a long latency. The second part of the article reviews the state of research to date, revealing that there are too few data on how often and to what extent early-experienced HSVE leads to psychiatric late effects. On the basis of the case report, the specific symptoms to which particular attention should be paid and the brain structures that are typically involved in relation to a psychiatric disorder are presented. From this, it can be deduced, according to the conclusion in the third part of the article, which medications might help. Because of the typical symptomatology of emotional instability some years after HSVE, it is suggested to consider the possibility of mood-stabilizing therapy. The results from the case report presented suggest this.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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