Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico

Andrés Silva; Leonardo Gonçalves; André Moura; Sérgio Lousada; João Gouveia; Rafael Camacho

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico

Andrés Silva, Leonardo Gonçalves, André Moura, Sérgio Lousada, João Gouveia, Rafael Camacho

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 18 January 2021 Accepted: 27 January 2021 Published: 4 March 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This study aims to carry out a proper flood risk assessment in Machico’s main watercourse and purpose at least two different flood mitigation measures to prevent major impacts over the watershed. Furthermore, the assessment addresses the need for structural-measures — i.e. detention basins — towards mitigating flood hazards under high-intensity and short-duration precipitation events. It became possible to morphometrically characterize all the watersheds using empirical equations to gather specific parameters and indexes. A proper articulation between the hydrological and the spatial analysis using geographic information systems was then carried out. According to many parameters calculated the watershed of Machico proved to assume a very large-size and to be highly prone to flash floods. The spatial analysis took into consideration the watershed’s Fill Rate using both Dutch and the Ternary Phase Diagram methods and allowed us to define criteria towards the establishment of detention basins as a valid flood mitigation measure. Finally, it was clear that the watershed corresponding to Machico’s main watercourse induces the need to further implement either a detention basin or to modify the roughness coefficient of its river channel. Moreover, the comparison between the results obtained with DROTA’s Flood Risk Report, allows us to consider this study’s outcome both satisfactory and valid.

Published in	American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
Page(s)	1-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Flood Hazard, Hydraulics, Hydrology, Spatial Analysis, Territorial Management, Urban Planning

References

[1]	Tucci, C. E. M. (1993). Controle de Enchentes. Hidrologia: Ciência e Aplicação. 2ª Edição. Editora da Universidade UFRGS.
[2]	Franco, E.; Fill, H. (2004). Dimensionamento de bacias de detenção das águas pluviais com base no método racional. 2004. 155 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Hídricos e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2004.
[3]	Borrego, C.; Lopes, M.; Ribeiro, I.; Carvalho, A. (2009). As alterações climáticas: uma realidade transformada em desafio. Revista Debater a Europa, Nº 1, junho/dezembro, 15-40.
[4]	Moreira, A.; Ramos, M. (2016). Alterações climáticas e suas consequências: deslocamentos populacionais forçados. The Overarching Issues of the European Space. Rethinking Socioeconomic and Environmental Problems, Porto. pp. 203-219.
[5]	Gonçalves, L. B.; Lousada, S. A. N.; Cabezas, J. (2019). Análise teórico-prática da precisão dos descarregadores retangulares e triangulares: Otimização das simulações à escala para os caudais em bacias de detenção. Livro de Resumos, Universidade de Évora, Novembro de 2019. ISBN: 978-972-778-134-8.
[6]	Camacho, R. F. (2015). Caractererização, Simulação (à escala) e Modelação do Escoamento em Canais Artificiais. Aplicação a caso de estudo. Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pela Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
[7]	Freitas, M.; Andrade, C. (2007). Alterações Climáticas e Impactos na Linha de Costa. XXIX Curso de Actualização de Professores em Geociências (pp. 35-43). Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa.
[8]	Paprotny, D.; Sebastian, A.; Morales-Nápoles, O.; Jonkman, S. N. (2018). Trends in flood losses in Europe over the past 150 years. Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04253-1.
[9]	Chow, V. T. (1956). Hydrologic Studies of Floods in the United States. Inter. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol., Publ. nº 42, 134-170.
[10]	Guedes, L. J. S. (2014). Riscos de Cheias e inundações. Estudo de um caso: Esposende. Trabalho escrito no âmbito da disciplina da UC de Geologia Ambiental, Lic. Em Geologia–UMinho, 2014/2015. Universidade do Minho.
[11]	Barichivichi, J.; Gloor, E.; Peylin, P; Brienen, R.; Schöngart, J.; Espinoza, J.; Pattnayak, K. (2018). Recent intensification of Amazon flooding extremes driven by strengthened Walker circulation. Science Advances: eaat8785.
[12]	Canholi, A. (2005). Drenagem Urbana e Controle de Enchentes. São Paulo: Oficina de Textos.
[13]	Caetano, C. (2014). Avaliação do risco de aluviões das ribeiras da ilha da Madeira. Dissertação elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente pelo Instituto Técnico de Lisboa, Lisboa.
[14]	Hough, M. (1998). Naturaleza y ciudad: Planificación urbana y procesos ecológicos. Barcelona: Gustavo Gilli.
[15]	Silva, C. S.; Santiago, A. (2007). Urbanização e Inundação: Conflitos e Possibilidades. Paisagem Ambiente: Ensaios n. 24–São Paulo. pp. 327-334.
[16]	Campana, N. A.; Tucci, C. E. M. (1994). Estimativa de área impermeável de microbacias urbanas. Caderno de Recursos Hídricos, v. 12, n. 2, p. 79-94.
[17]	Warner, K.; Hamza, M.; Oliver-Smith, A.; Renaud/, F.; Julca, A. (2008). Climate change, environmental degradation and migration. Nat Hazards, 55 (3), 689-715.
[18]	Tucci, C. E. M.; Porto, R. L.; Barros, M. T. (1995). Drenagem Urbana. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 414p.
[19]	Parkinson, J.; Milograna, J.; Campos, L. C.; Campos, R. (2003). Drenagem urbana sustentável no Brasil. Goiânia: Universidade Federal de Goiás, Loughborough University, 2003. (Relatório do workshop de 7 de maio de 2003).
[20]	Gonçalves, L. B.; Lousada, S. A. N. (2020). Análise Probabilística de Cheias e o Uso de Bacias de Detenção como Medida Mitigadora: Aplicação à Bacia de Santa Luzia. Revista Científica Monfragüe Desarrollo Resiliente, Volumen XIII, ISSN: 2340-5457.
[21]	Nakazone, L. M.; Porto, R. L. L (2005). Implantação de reservatórios de detenção em conjuntos habitacionais: a experiência da CDHU. Dissertação elaborada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pela Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
[22]	Reis, J. J. S. (2015). Estruturas de Correção Torrencial nas Ribeiras do Funchal–Açudes. Inventariação e análise comparativa. Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil. Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia - Universidade da Madeira, Funchal.
[23]	Fernandes, M. J. P. (2009). Riscos no Concelho da Ribeira Brava: Movimentos de vertente cheias rápidas e inundações. Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Dinâmicas Sociais e Riscos Naturais pela Universidade de Coimbra.
[24]	Prada, S.; Gaspar, A.; Sequeira, M. M.; Nunes, A. (2005). Disponibilidades Hídricas na Ilha da Madeira. In Book: AQUAMAC–Técnicas e métodos para a gestão sustentável da água na Macaronésia, Chapter: Disponibilidades Hídricas na Ilha da Madeira, Publisher: Instituto Tecnológico das Canarias, Cabildo de Lanzarote, Consejo Insular de Aguas de Lanzarote, Editors: Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, pp. 261-294.
[25]	Lousada, S. A. N. & Camacho, R. (2018). Hidrologia, recursos hídricos e ambiente - Aulas Teóricas. Vol. I, ISBN 978-989-8805-33-1, Universidade da Madeira. 230 p.
[26]	Ferreira, C. W. & Lima, C. S. & Cavalcanti, L. C. S. & Santos, A. H. O. (2010). Caracterização morfométrica da bacia hidrográfica do açude Cachoeira II, no município de Serra Talhada–PE, Brasil. VI Seminário Latino Americano de Geografia Física. Universidade de Coimbra.
[27]	Christofoletti, A. (1980). Geomorfologia. São Paulo: Edgard Blücher.
[28]	Strahler A. N. (1964). Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. Section 4–II, in Chow, Ven Te; Maidment, D. R; Mays, L. W. (1988). Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[29]	Chow, V. T. (1988). Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill Series in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering. Chow, V. T.; Maidment, D. R.; Mays, L. W., IV Series. ISBN: 0 07-010810-2.
[30]	Silveira, A. L.; Louzada, J. A.; Beltrame, L. (1993). Infiltração e Armazenamento no Solo. Hidrologia: Ciência e Aplicação. 2ª Edição. Editora da Universidade UFRGS.
[31]	Guimarães, R. C. (2017). Capítulo 2 - Bacia Hidrográfica. In: Guimarães, R. C., Shahidian, S. e Rodrigues, C. M. (Editores). Hidrologia Agrícola, 2ª edição. ISBN: 978-989-8550-40-8. ECT e ICAAM. Évora, 5-22.
[32]	Moura, A. D. S. (2019). Canais Artificiais e a sua Influência em Processos de Planeamento Urbano e Ordenamento Territorial. Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pela Universidade da Madeira.
[33]	Villela, S. M. & Mattos, A. (1975). Hidrologia Aplicada. Editora Mc Graw Hill, São Paulo. 245p.
[34]	Martins, M. F.; Candido, G. A. (2012). Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável para Localidades: uma proposta metodológica de construção e análise. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental. ISSN: 1981-982X. DOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v6i1.229.
[35]	Justi Junior, J. & Andreoli, C. V. (2015). Uso de dados climáticos e hidrológicos como subsídio na determinação do regime de fluxo de canais de drenagem. Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia. Vol. 16, n. 1. ISSN: 2236-5664.
[36]	Porto, R. L. & Filho, K. Z. & Tucci, C. E. M. & Bidone, F. (1993). Drenagem Urbana. Hidrologia: Ciência e Aplicação. 2ª Edição. Editora da Universidade UFRGS.
[37]	David, L. M. & Carvalho, R. F. (2008). Bacias de Retenção para Controlo de Cheias: Reflexão sobre os métodos de dimensionamento. 13º Encontro Nacional de Saneamento Básico.
[38]	Beck, H. E.; Bruijnzeel, L. A.; Van Dijk, A. I. J. M.; McVicar, T. R.; Scatena, F. N.; Schellekens, J. (2013). The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2613-2635, 2013. DOI: 10.5194/hess-17-2613-2013.
[39]	Chow, V. (1964). Handbook of Applied Hydrology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[40]	Gonçalves, J. (2016). Caracterização do coeficiente de rugosidade e seu efeito no escoamento em Canais Naturais. Simulação e Modelação (à escala) no laboratório de Hidráulica. Aplicação às ribeiras do Funchal. Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pela Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
[41]	SNIRH (2020). Sistema Nacional de Informação de Recursos Hídricos. Disponível em: https://snirh.apambiente.pt/index.php?idMain=2&idItem=1&objCover=920123704&objSite=920685506; Acesso em: 20 de Junho de 2020.
[42]	DROTA (2017). Identificação das Zonas Críticas a Cartografar Considerando os Impactos da Ocorrência de Inundações (Com Risco Potencial Significativo). Direção Regional de Ordenamento do Território e Ambiente.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Andrés Silva, Leonardo Gonçalves, André Moura, Sérgio Lousada, João Gouveia, et al. (2021). Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 7(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Andrés Silva; Leonardo Gonçalves; André Moura; Sérgio Lousada; João Gouveia, et al. Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2021, 7(1), 1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Andrés Silva, Leonardo Gonçalves, André Moura, Sérgio Lousada, João Gouveia, et al. Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2021;7(1):1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11,
  author = {Andrés Silva and Leonardo Gonçalves and André Moura and Sérgio Lousada and João Gouveia and Rafael Camacho},
  title = {Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20210701.11},
  abstract = {This study aims to carry out a proper flood risk assessment in Machico’s main watercourse and purpose at least two different flood mitigation measures to prevent major impacts over the watershed. Furthermore, the assessment addresses the need for structural-measures — i.e. detention basins — towards mitigating flood hazards under high-intensity and short-duration precipitation events. It became possible to morphometrically characterize all the watersheds using empirical equations to gather specific parameters and indexes. A proper articulation between the hydrological and the spatial analysis using geographic information systems was then carried out. According to many parameters calculated the watershed of Machico proved to assume a very large-size and to be highly prone to flash floods. The spatial analysis took into consideration the watershed’s Fill Rate using both Dutch and the Ternary Phase Diagram methods and allowed us to define criteria towards the establishment of detention basins as a valid flood mitigation measure. Finally, it was clear that the watershed corresponding to Machico’s main watercourse induces the need to further implement either a detention basin or to modify the roughness coefficient of its river channel. Moreover, the comparison between the results obtained with DROTA’s Flood Risk Report, allows us to consider this study’s outcome both satisfactory and valid.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico
AU  - Andrés Silva
AU  - Leonardo Gonçalves
AU  - André Moura
AU  - Sérgio Lousada
AU  - João Gouveia
AU  - Rafael Camacho
Y1  - 2021/03/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
AB  - This study aims to carry out a proper flood risk assessment in Machico’s main watercourse and purpose at least two different flood mitigation measures to prevent major impacts over the watershed. Furthermore, the assessment addresses the need for structural-measures — i.e. detention basins — towards mitigating flood hazards under high-intensity and short-duration precipitation events. It became possible to morphometrically characterize all the watersheds using empirical equations to gather specific parameters and indexes. A proper articulation between the hydrological and the spatial analysis using geographic information systems was then carried out. According to many parameters calculated the watershed of Machico proved to assume a very large-size and to be highly prone to flash floods. The spatial analysis took into consideration the watershed’s Fill Rate using both Dutch and the Ternary Phase Diagram methods and allowed us to define criteria towards the establishment of detention basins as a valid flood mitigation measure. Finally, it was clear that the watershed corresponding to Machico’s main watercourse induces the need to further implement either a detention basin or to modify the roughness coefficient of its river channel. Moreover, the comparison between the results obtained with DROTA’s Flood Risk Report, allows us to consider this study’s outcome both satisfactory and valid.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Andrés Silva

Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering (FCEE), Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), University of Madeira (UMa), Funchal, Portugal
Leonardo Gonçalves
André Moura

Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering (FCEE), Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), University of Madeira (UMa), Funchal, Portugal
Sérgio Lousada

Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering (FCEE), Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), University of Madeira (UMa), Funchal, Portugal
João Gouveia
Rafael Camacho

Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering (FCEE), Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), University of Madeira (UMa), Funchal, Portugal

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Andrés Silva, Leonardo Gonçalves, André Moura, Sérgio Lousada, João Gouveia, et al. (2021). Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 7(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Andrés Silva; Leonardo Gonçalves; André Moura; Sérgio Lousada; João Gouveia, et al. Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2021, 7(1), 1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Andrés Silva, Leonardo Gonçalves, André Moura, Sérgio Lousada, João Gouveia, et al. Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2021;7(1):1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11,
  author = {Andrés Silva and Leonardo Gonçalves and André Moura and Sérgio Lousada and João Gouveia and Rafael Camacho},
  title = {Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20210701.11},
  abstract = {This study aims to carry out a proper flood risk assessment in Machico’s main watercourse and purpose at least two different flood mitigation measures to prevent major impacts over the watershed. Furthermore, the assessment addresses the need for structural-measures — i.e. detention basins — towards mitigating flood hazards under high-intensity and short-duration precipitation events. It became possible to morphometrically characterize all the watersheds using empirical equations to gather specific parameters and indexes. A proper articulation between the hydrological and the spatial analysis using geographic information systems was then carried out. According to many parameters calculated the watershed of Machico proved to assume a very large-size and to be highly prone to flash floods. The spatial analysis took into consideration the watershed’s Fill Rate using both Dutch and the Ternary Phase Diagram methods and allowed us to define criteria towards the establishment of detention basins as a valid flood mitigation measure. Finally, it was clear that the watershed corresponding to Machico’s main watercourse induces the need to further implement either a detention basin or to modify the roughness coefficient of its river channel. Moreover, the comparison between the results obtained with DROTA’s Flood Risk Report, allows us to consider this study’s outcome both satisfactory and valid.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Flood Hazard Assessment in Madeira (Portugal) – The Case Study of Machico
AU  - Andrés Silva
AU  - Leonardo Gonçalves
AU  - André Moura
AU  - Sérgio Lousada
AU  - João Gouveia
AU  - Rafael Camacho
Y1  - 2021/03/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20210701.11
AB  - This study aims to carry out a proper flood risk assessment in Machico’s main watercourse and purpose at least two different flood mitigation measures to prevent major impacts over the watershed. Furthermore, the assessment addresses the need for structural-measures — i.e. detention basins — towards mitigating flood hazards under high-intensity and short-duration precipitation events. It became possible to morphometrically characterize all the watersheds using empirical equations to gather specific parameters and indexes. A proper articulation between the hydrological and the spatial analysis using geographic information systems was then carried out. According to many parameters calculated the watershed of Machico proved to assume a very large-size and to be highly prone to flash floods. The spatial analysis took into consideration the watershed’s Fill Rate using both Dutch and the Ternary Phase Diagram methods and allowed us to define criteria towards the establishment of detention basins as a valid flood mitigation measure. Finally, it was clear that the watershed corresponding to Machico’s main watercourse induces the need to further implement either a detention basin or to modify the roughness coefficient of its river channel. Moreover, the comparison between the results obtained with DROTA’s Flood Risk Report, allows us to consider this study’s outcome both satisfactory and valid.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download