| Peer-Reviewed

Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation

Received: 1 March 2021    Accepted: 17 March 2021    Published: 26 March 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Transfusion of platelets can be prophylactic or therapeutic. From the storage perspective of blood and blood components, standard protocols are followed around the world to ensure the safe operation of blood banks. The Use of UV-C light in treating platelets has become a valuable method for storage and efficacy of platelets concentration in the blood bank. However, its deleterious effect remains, such as activation of platelets, thus losing their physiological function. In this study we intend to demonstrate that addition of glutamine in the platelets concentrate could prevent the toxic effect of UV-C. This study was conducted using human or mouse platelets. Use of positive and negative control in all experiment were ensured to validate the findings. In vitro thrombus formations was assessed before and after exposure of platelets to appropriate dose of UV-C. To assess the cytotoxic effect of 50 mM of glutamine on the platelets, methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) was used to validate the viability effect. We have successfully demonstrated that physiological damages done during the exposure of platelet concentrate to UV-C could be alleviated by the use of glutamine. Our study demonstrated that the toxic effect of UV-C on the platelets could be preserved by adding appropriate concentration of glutamine.

Published in Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17
Page(s) 36-40
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Platelets, Glutamine, UV-C, Thrombus Formation

References
[1] Bashir S, Cookson P, Wiltshire M, Hawkins L, Sonoda L, Thomas S, et al. Pathogen inactivation of platelets using ultraviolet C light: effect on in vitro function and recovery and survival of platelets. Transfusion 2013; 53: 990–1000.
[2] Johnson L, Hyland R, Tan S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Seltsam A, et al. In vitro quality of platelets with low plasma carryover treated with ultraviolet C light for pathogen inactivation. Transfusion Med. Hemotherapy. 2016; 43: 190–197.
[3] Van Aelst B, Devloo R, Vandekerckhove P, Compernolle V, Feys HB. Ultraviolet C light pathogen inactivation treatment of platelet concentrates preserves integrin activation but affects thrombus formation kinetics on collagen in vitro. Transfusion 2015; 55: 2404–2414.
[4] De Jager TL, Cockrell AE, Du Plessis SS. Ultraviolet Light Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. In: Ahmad SI, editor. Ultraviolet Light in Human Health, Diseases and Environment. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2017; 15–23.
[5] Britt Van Aelst, Rosalie Devloo, Philippe Vandekerckhove, et al. Ultraviolet C light pathogen inactivation treatment of platelet concentrates preserves integrin activation but affects thrombus formation kinetics on collagen in vitro. Transfusion 2015; 55: 2404–2414.
[6] Murphy S, Munoz S, Parry-Billings M, Newsholme E. Amino acid metabolism during platelet storage for transfusion. Br J Haematol 1992; 81: 585-590.
[7] Mushtaq M, Nam TS, Kim UH. Critical role for CD38-mediated Ca2+ signaling in thrombin-induced procoagulant activity of mouse platelets and hemostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011; 15: 12952–12958.
[8] Seltsam, Axel & Müller, Thomas. UVC Irradiation for Pathogen Reduction of Platelet Concentrates and Plasma. Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy 2011; 38: 43-54.
[9] Mazhar M, Kim UH. The Role of Glutamine in the Prevention of Ultraviolet-C-Induced Platelet Activation. Biochemistry Research International. 2020. DOI: 8853696, 7 Pages.
[10] Shirley Owusu-Ofori, Joseph Kusi, Alex Owusu-Ofori, Graham Freimanis, et al. Treatment of whole blood with riboflavin and UV light: impact on malaria parasite viability and whole blood storage. Shock 2014; 44: 33-38.
[11] Jerrold H. L, Matthew D. Neal, and Jay H. Herman. Bacterial contamination of platelets for transfusion: strategies for prevention. Critical Care 2018; 22: 271-278.
[12] Mohr H, Steil L, Gravemann U, Thiele T, Hammer E, Greinacher A, et al. A novel approach to pathogen reduction in platelet concentrates using short-wave ultraviolet light. Transfusion 2009; 49: 2612–2624.
[13] Seltsam A, Muller TH. UVC irradiation for pathogen reduction of platelet concentrates and plasma. Transfusion Med. Hemotherapy 2011; 38: 43–54.
[14] Freimanis G. Investigating the Prevalence of Transfusion Transmission of Plasmodium within a Hyperendemic Blood Donation System. Transfusion 2013; 53: 1429–1441.
[15] Kabita C, Shamsuz Z, Rahul C, Surinder S, Shawn DK, Shalini T, et al. Evaluation of Mirasol pathogen reduction system by artificially contaminating platelet concentrates with Staphylococcus epidermidis: A pilot study from India. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2016; 10: 127–131.
[16] Asa’ah N, Gabriel A, Emmanuel A, Claude T, Tazoacha A. Whole blood pathogen reduction technology and blood safety in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review with regional discussion. Afr J Lab Med. 2016; 5: 363.
[17] Terpstra FG et al. Potential and limitation of UVC irradiation for the inactivation of pathogens in platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2008; 48: 304-313.
[18] VandenBroeke T, Dumont LJ, Hunter S, Nixon J, Murphy S, Roger J, et al. Platelet storage solution effects on the accuracy of laboratory tests for platelet function: a multi-laboratory study. Vox Sanguinis 2004; 86: 183-188.
[19] Karnicki K, Johnson C, St Cyr J, Ericson D, Rao G. Platelet storage solution improves the in vitro function of preserved platelet concentrate. Vox Sanguinis 2003; 85: 262-266.
[20] Zhi L, Chi X, Vostal JG. In vitro and in vivo characterization of ultraviolet light C-irradiated human platelets in a 2 event mouse model of transfusion. PLoS One 2013; 8: e79869.
[21] Valeria V, Elisabetta M, Marta F, Paola B. Glutamine transport and enzymatic activities involved in glutaminolysis in human platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1243: 43-48.
[22] Valeria V, Elisabetta M, Marta F, Paola B. Glutamine Utilization in Resting and Stimulated Platelets. The Journal of Biochemistry 1993; 114: 163–166.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mazhar Mushtaq. (2021). Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation. Biomedical Sciences, 7(1), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mazhar Mushtaq. Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(1), 36-40. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mazhar Mushtaq. Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation. Biomed Sci. 2021;7(1):36-40. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17,
      author = {Mazhar Mushtaq},
      title = {Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation},
      journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {36-40},
      doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20210701.17},
      abstract = {The primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Transfusion of platelets can be prophylactic or therapeutic. From the storage perspective of blood and blood components, standard protocols are followed around the world to ensure the safe operation of blood banks. The Use of UV-C light in treating platelets has become a valuable method for storage and efficacy of platelets concentration in the blood bank. However, its deleterious effect remains, such as activation of platelets, thus losing their physiological function. In this study we intend to demonstrate that addition of glutamine in the platelets concentrate could prevent the toxic effect of UV-C. This study was conducted using human or mouse platelets. Use of positive and negative control in all experiment were ensured to validate the findings. In vitro thrombus formations was assessed before and after exposure of platelets to appropriate dose of UV-C. To assess the cytotoxic effect of 50 mM of glutamine on the platelets, methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) was used to validate the viability effect. We have successfully demonstrated that physiological damages done during the exposure of platelet concentrate to UV-C could be alleviated by the use of glutamine. Our study demonstrated that the toxic effect of UV-C on the platelets could be preserved by adding appropriate concentration of glutamine.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation
    AU  - Mazhar Mushtaq
    Y1  - 2021/03/26
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17
    T2  - Biomedical Sciences
    JF  - Biomedical Sciences
    JO  - Biomedical Sciences
    SP  - 36
    EP  - 40
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3932
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210701.17
    AB  - The primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Transfusion of platelets can be prophylactic or therapeutic. From the storage perspective of blood and blood components, standard protocols are followed around the world to ensure the safe operation of blood banks. The Use of UV-C light in treating platelets has become a valuable method for storage and efficacy of platelets concentration in the blood bank. However, its deleterious effect remains, such as activation of platelets, thus losing their physiological function. In this study we intend to demonstrate that addition of glutamine in the platelets concentrate could prevent the toxic effect of UV-C. This study was conducted using human or mouse platelets. Use of positive and negative control in all experiment were ensured to validate the findings. In vitro thrombus formations was assessed before and after exposure of platelets to appropriate dose of UV-C. To assess the cytotoxic effect of 50 mM of glutamine on the platelets, methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) was used to validate the viability effect. We have successfully demonstrated that physiological damages done during the exposure of platelet concentrate to UV-C could be alleviated by the use of glutamine. Our study demonstrated that the toxic effect of UV-C on the platelets could be preserved by adding appropriate concentration of glutamine.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Basic Medical Sciences Department, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al-Bukayriah, Saudia Arabia

  • Sections