Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment

Marcelo Souza Santos; Jose Ricardo Martins

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment

Marcelo Souza Santos, Jose Ricardo Martins

Published in International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 17 July 2022 Accepted: 29 July 2022 Published: 5 September 2022

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Abstract

The welfare state seeks to ensure economic balance and protection of individual and social rights for its citizens, without leaving the theoretical framework of capitalism. The objective of this article is to analyze the welfare state through the Keynesian model, including its development, rise and retrenchment (1930-1980). A regulatory state in the economy was proposed as a solution to the crisis of 1929 and the post-WWII reconstruction of nations. Between the 1970s and 1980s, the welfare state weakened because of another global economic crisis and other factors such as the emergence of neoliberalism. Methodologically this is a qualitative-descriptive study, based on bibliographic research, and guided by the question: what were the factors that contributed to the state to retreat from its assistance policy, mainly between the 1970s and 1980s? The results show that the economic cycle that occurred in this timeframe made possible the protagonism of neoliberalism, but not the annihilation of the welfare state. Neoliberal measures have overshadowed social interests, seen as "public expenditure of social protectionism”, and have weakened the regulation of citizenship rights and welfare services. The practice of state intervention in the economy to ensure balance in market activities, guaranteeing consumption, and thus full employment, was weakened by the neoliberal model, but not annulled. The welfare state, the version anchored in Keynesian theory, lost its hegemony after a period of the great economic ascension of the capitalism cycle between 1930 and 1980. Social problems and demands continued and were not solved by neoliberal policies with their free market policies, privatization and tax reduction.

Published in	International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12
Page(s)	83-88
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Welfare State, Keynesian, Economic Crisis, Public Administration, New Public Management

References

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[2]	Castel, R. (1988). As metamorfoses da questão social: uma crônica do salário [The Metamorphoses of the Social Question: a chronicle of the wage]. Petropolis: Vozes.
[3]	Esping-Andersen, G. (1994). After the golden age: the future of the welfare state in the new global order. Geneva, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).
[4]	Keynes, J. M. (2017 [1936]). The general theory of employment, interest and money. London: Mascat International.
[5]	List, G. F. (2022 [1841]). The National System of Political Economy. Origami Books.
[6]	Draibe, S., Henrique, W. (1988). Welfare State. Crise e gestão da crise: um balanço da literatura internacional [Welfare State. Crisis and crisis management: A review of the international literature]. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 6 (6), 53-78.
[7]	Lima, I. (2007). A crise do Estado de Bem-estar social e o deslocamento da centralidade do trabalho [The crisis of the welfare state and the displacement of the centrality of labor]. Revista Científica FAESP, Paraná. v. 3, 22-41.
[8]	Bucci, Maria P. D. (2013). Fundamentos para uma teoria jurídica das políticas públicas [Foundations for a legal theory of public policies]. São Paulo: Saraiva.
[9]	Gorczeski, C., Mayer, G. S. (2015). Algumas considerações acerca das Políticas Públicas como instrumento de inclusão social [Some considerations about Public Policies as an instrument of social inclusion]. In: XII International Seminar on Social Demands and Public Policies in Contemporary Society. Annals. Santa Cruz do Sul/RS: Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul.
[10]	Bryner, G. (2010). Organizações públicas e políticas públicas [Public organizations and public policies]. In: Peters, G. B. Pierre, J.(org). Administração Pública: coletânea [Public Administration: A compilation]. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
[11]	Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[12]	Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Political Economies of the Welfare State International Journal of Sociology, v. 20, n. 3, The Study of Welfare State Regimes (Fall, 1990), pp. 92-123.
[13]	Navarro, V. L., Padilha, V. (2007). Dilemas do trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo [Labor dilemmas in contemporary capitalism]. Psicol. Soc., Porto Alegre, v. 19, n. spe, 14-20.
[14]	Rosanvallon, P. (1981). La crise de l´état providence [The crisis of the Welfare State]. Paris: Seuil.
[15]	Santos, I. (2004/2005). Da gênese à crise do Estado de bem-estar [From the genesis to the crisis of the Welfare State]. Cronos, 5 (6), 289-308.
[16]	Dathein, R. (2003). De Bretton Woods à globalização financeira: evolução, crise e perspectivas do Sistema Monetário Internacional [From Bretton Woods to financial globalization: evolution, crisis and prospects of the International Monetary System]. Online Repository, UFRGS, Porto Alegre.
[17]	Alves, J. C. Lima, Zimmermann, C. R. (2009). O Mito do declínio do welfare state [The Myth of the Decline of the Welfare State]. Emancipation Journal, Ponta Grossa, 9 (2): 225-232.
[18]	Friedman, M. (2020 [1962]). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
[19]	Pescarolo, C., Marchi, S. P. (2019). O Estado de Bem-estar social no Brasil [The welfare state in Brazil]. Percurso Journal, 1 (28), 286-303.

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Marcelo Souza Santos, Jose Ricardo Martins. (2022). Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 10(3), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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ACS Style

Marcelo Souza Santos; Jose Ricardo Martins. Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment. Int. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 2022, 10(3), 83-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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AMA Style

Marcelo Souza Santos, Jose Ricardo Martins. Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment. Int J Econ Behav Organ. 2022;10(3):83-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12,
  author = {Marcelo Souza Santos and Jose Ricardo Martins},
  title = {Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment},
  journal = {International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {83-88},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijebo.20221003.12},
  abstract = {The welfare state seeks to ensure economic balance and protection of individual and social rights for its citizens, without leaving the theoretical framework of capitalism. The objective of this article is to analyze the welfare state through the Keynesian model, including its development, rise and retrenchment (1930-1980). A regulatory state in the economy was proposed as a solution to the crisis of 1929 and the post-WWII reconstruction of nations. Between the 1970s and 1980s, the welfare state weakened because of another global economic crisis and other factors such as the emergence of neoliberalism. Methodologically this is a qualitative-descriptive study, based on bibliographic research, and guided by the question: what were the factors that contributed to the state to retreat from its assistance policy, mainly between the 1970s and 1980s? The results show that the economic cycle that occurred in this timeframe made possible the protagonism of neoliberalism, but not the annihilation of the welfare state. Neoliberal measures have overshadowed social interests, seen as "public expenditure of social protectionism”, and have weakened the regulation of citizenship rights and welfare services. The practice of state intervention in the economy to ensure balance in market activities, guaranteeing consumption, and thus full employment, was weakened by the neoliberal model, but not annulled. The welfare state, the version anchored in Keynesian theory, lost its hegemony after a period of the great economic ascension of the capitalism cycle between 1930 and 1980. Social problems and demands continued and were not solved by neoliberal policies with their free market policies, privatization and tax reduction.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment
AU  - Marcelo Souza Santos
AU  - Jose Ricardo Martins
Y1  - 2022/09/05
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T2  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JF  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JO  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12
AB  - The welfare state seeks to ensure economic balance and protection of individual and social rights for its citizens, without leaving the theoretical framework of capitalism. The objective of this article is to analyze the welfare state through the Keynesian model, including its development, rise and retrenchment (1930-1980). A regulatory state in the economy was proposed as a solution to the crisis of 1929 and the post-WWII reconstruction of nations. Between the 1970s and 1980s, the welfare state weakened because of another global economic crisis and other factors such as the emergence of neoliberalism. Methodologically this is a qualitative-descriptive study, based on bibliographic research, and guided by the question: what were the factors that contributed to the state to retreat from its assistance policy, mainly between the 1970s and 1980s? The results show that the economic cycle that occurred in this timeframe made possible the protagonism of neoliberalism, but not the annihilation of the welfare state. Neoliberal measures have overshadowed social interests, seen as "public expenditure of social protectionism”, and have weakened the regulation of citizenship rights and welfare services. The practice of state intervention in the economy to ensure balance in market activities, guaranteeing consumption, and thus full employment, was weakened by the neoliberal model, but not annulled. The welfare state, the version anchored in Keynesian theory, lost its hegemony after a period of the great economic ascension of the capitalism cycle between 1930 and 1980. Social problems and demands continued and were not solved by neoliberal policies with their free market policies, privatization and tax reduction.
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Author Information

Marcelo Souza Santos

School of Public Administration, Municipal Institute of Public Administration (IMAP), Curitiba, Brazil
Jose Ricardo Martins

Faculty II: Architecture, Education and Social Work, Centre for Planning and Evaluation of Social Work (ZPE), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

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APA Style

Marcelo Souza Santos, Jose Ricardo Martins. (2022). Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 10(3), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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ACS Style

Marcelo Souza Santos; Jose Ricardo Martins. Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment. Int. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 2022, 10(3), 83-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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AMA Style

Marcelo Souza Santos, Jose Ricardo Martins. Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment. Int J Econ Behav Organ. 2022;10(3):83-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12,
  author = {Marcelo Souza Santos and Jose Ricardo Martins},
  title = {Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment},
  journal = {International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {83-88},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijebo.20221003.12},
  abstract = {The welfare state seeks to ensure economic balance and protection of individual and social rights for its citizens, without leaving the theoretical framework of capitalism. The objective of this article is to analyze the welfare state through the Keynesian model, including its development, rise and retrenchment (1930-1980). A regulatory state in the economy was proposed as a solution to the crisis of 1929 and the post-WWII reconstruction of nations. Between the 1970s and 1980s, the welfare state weakened because of another global economic crisis and other factors such as the emergence of neoliberalism. Methodologically this is a qualitative-descriptive study, based on bibliographic research, and guided by the question: what were the factors that contributed to the state to retreat from its assistance policy, mainly between the 1970s and 1980s? The results show that the economic cycle that occurred in this timeframe made possible the protagonism of neoliberalism, but not the annihilation of the welfare state. Neoliberal measures have overshadowed social interests, seen as "public expenditure of social protectionism”, and have weakened the regulation of citizenship rights and welfare services. The practice of state intervention in the economy to ensure balance in market activities, guaranteeing consumption, and thus full employment, was weakened by the neoliberal model, but not annulled. The welfare state, the version anchored in Keynesian theory, lost its hegemony after a period of the great economic ascension of the capitalism cycle between 1930 and 1980. Social problems and demands continued and were not solved by neoliberal policies with their free market policies, privatization and tax reduction.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of the State of Social Well-Being from the Keynesian Perspective: Its Development, Rise and Retrenchment
AU  - Marcelo Souza Santos
AU  - Jose Ricardo Martins
Y1  - 2022/09/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12
T2  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JF  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JO  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
SP  - 83
EP  - 88
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7616
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20221003.12
AB  - The welfare state seeks to ensure economic balance and protection of individual and social rights for its citizens, without leaving the theoretical framework of capitalism. The objective of this article is to analyze the welfare state through the Keynesian model, including its development, rise and retrenchment (1930-1980). A regulatory state in the economy was proposed as a solution to the crisis of 1929 and the post-WWII reconstruction of nations. Between the 1970s and 1980s, the welfare state weakened because of another global economic crisis and other factors such as the emergence of neoliberalism. Methodologically this is a qualitative-descriptive study, based on bibliographic research, and guided by the question: what were the factors that contributed to the state to retreat from its assistance policy, mainly between the 1970s and 1980s? The results show that the economic cycle that occurred in this timeframe made possible the protagonism of neoliberalism, but not the annihilation of the welfare state. Neoliberal measures have overshadowed social interests, seen as "public expenditure of social protectionism”, and have weakened the regulation of citizenship rights and welfare services. The practice of state intervention in the economy to ensure balance in market activities, guaranteeing consumption, and thus full employment, was weakened by the neoliberal model, but not annulled. The welfare state, the version anchored in Keynesian theory, lost its hegemony after a period of the great economic ascension of the capitalism cycle between 1930 and 1980. Social problems and demands continued and were not solved by neoliberal policies with their free market policies, privatization and tax reduction.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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