Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Tadesse; Milkessa Temesgen; Milkessa Wakjera

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Tadesse, Milkessa Temesgen, Milkessa Wakjera

Published in International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment (Volume 6, Issue 6)

Received: 27 October 2021 Accepted: 15 November 2021 Published: 11 December 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Over the past several years, rural areas in transition countries including Ethiopia have experienced a structural transformation in their agricultural sectors combined with profound demographic changes, primarily due to massive out migration of the rural active and educated labor forces toward urban areas and abroad. Despite the potential relevance of migration and resulting remittances in fostering or hindering of transformation in agriculture, in Ethiopia little is understood about the linkage between these activities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of rural out migration on agricultural production by using a cross-sectional data obtained from randomly chosen 270 rural farm households during 2016/17 production season. A two stage Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The estimated results of the first stage showed that out-migration of labor from rural areas had insignificant effect on the labor hours allocated for agricultural activities of both temporary and permanent migrant sending households. On the other hand, the remittance income from migrant had significant and increasing effect on farm capital stock of permanent migrant sending households. Yet, it had positive but insignificant effect on farm capital stock of temporary migrant sending households. The second stage analysis revealed that migrant sending households obtain higher income than non-migrant sending households especially the permanent one. This indicated that rural out migration had a positive impact on agricultural production of study area on the rural households. The study recommends that Ethiopian government should give emphasis to the potential contributions of outmigration in supporting or generating employment opportunities.

Published in	International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment (Volume 6, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
Page(s)	142-151
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Temporary Migrant, Permanent Migrant, Labor, Capital, Remittance, Income

References

[1]	Adepoju, Aderanti. 1995. “Emigration Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa.” International Migration 33 (3–4): 313–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1995.tb00032.x.
[2]	AGRA (Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa). 2017. “Africa Agriculture Status Report: The Business of Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Issue No. 5.” Nairobi, Kenya.
[3]	Beneberu Assefa, and Mesfin Eshetu. 2017. “Determinants of Rural Out-Migration in Habru District of Northeast Ethiopia.” International Journal of Population Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4691723.
[4]	Birhan Asmame. 2011. “CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION: THE CASE OF WOLDIYA TOWN, NORTH ETHIOPIA.” UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/4756/dissertation_miheretu_ba.pdf?sequence=1.
[5]	Chipeta, Mafa, Bezabih Emana, and Demese Chanyalew. 2015. “Ethiopia’s Agriculture Sector Policy and Investment Framework (2010-2020): External Mid-Term Review.” Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://agri-learning-ethiopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Agriculture-Policy-MTR_FINAL.pdf.
[6]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency). 1999. “Labour Force Survey 1999 - 2000.” Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[7]	CSA (Central Statstical Agency). 2013. “National Statistics Abstract.” Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[8]	Deshingka, Priya, and Sven Grimm. 2005. “Internal Migration and Development: A Global Perspective.” http://www.iom.int.
[9]	Gao, Jianfeng, and Bradford F. Mills. 2016. “Rainfall Variabilty, Migration, Off-Farm Activities, and Transfers: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia.” Scholarly Works, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virigina Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/74025.
[10]	Gebrehiwot Weldegebrial Gebru, and Fekadu Beyene. 2012. “Causes and Consequences of Out-Migration on Rural Households’ Livelihood in Gulomekeda District, Tigray, Ethiopia.” Agricultural Research and Reviews 1 (1): 26–33. http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org/ARR.
[11]	Gray, C, and V Mueller. 2012. “Drought and Population Mobility in Rural Ethiopia.” World Development 40 (1). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X11001537.
[12]	Headey, Derek D. 2016. “The Evolution of Global Farming Land: Facts and Interpretations.” Agricultural Economics 47 (November): 185–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12313.
[13]	Herrero, Mario, Philip K Thornton, Brendan Power, Jessica R Bogard, Roseline Remans, Steffen Fritz, James S Gerber, et al. 2017. “Farming and the Geography of Nutrient Production for Human Use: A Transdisciplinary Analysis.” The Lancet Planetary Health 1 (1): e33–e42. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519617300074.
[14]	Holden, Stein T, and Sosina Bezu. 2016. “Preferences for Land Sales Legalization and Land Values in Ethiopia.” Land Use Policy 52: 410–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.01.002.
[15]	Hossain, MZ. 2001. “Rural-Urban Migration in Bangladesh: A Micro-Level Study.” In Paper Presented at 24th IUSSP General Conference. Salvador, Brazil. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f541/f3e991e7c2a1481a332e6fe91dc5dc1b0cd8.pdf.
[16]	Kebede, M. 1991. “Migration and Urban Development in Ethiopia: The Case of Nazreth.” Addis Ababa University.
[17]	Lowder, Sarah, Jakob Skoet, and Terri Raney. 2016. “The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide.” World Development. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15002703.
[18]	NBE (National Bank of Ethiopia). 2013. “Annual Report 2013-14.” Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[19]	Schmidt, Emily, and Firew Bekele. 2019. “Rural Youth and Employment in Ethiopia.” In Youth and Jobs in Rural Africa: Beyond Stylized Facts, edited by VALERIE MUELLER and JAMES THURLOW. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/37432/9780198848059.pdf?
[20]	TechaneAdugna. (2010). Ethiopia’s agriculture sector policy and investment framework (pif) 2010/11-2019/20
[21]	Tegenu, Tsegaye. 2011. “Decline of Farmers’ Valuation for Smallholder Agriculture, Attitude Changes and Expansion of Mass Education in Rural Ethiopia.” http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-291465.
[22]	WB (World Bank). 2008. The World Bank Annual Report 2008. Year In Review. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7675-1.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mulugeta Tadesse, Milkessa Temesgen, Milkessa Wakjera. (2021). Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 6(6), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mulugeta Tadesse; Milkessa Temesgen; Milkessa Wakjera. Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia. Int. J. Econ. Energy Environ. 2021, 6(6), 142-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mulugeta Tadesse, Milkessa Temesgen, Milkessa Wakjera. Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia. Int J Econ Energy Environ. 2021;6(6):142-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12,
  author = {Mulugeta Tadesse and Milkessa Temesgen and Milkessa Wakjera},
  title = {Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {142-151},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeee.20210606.12},
  abstract = {Over the past several years, rural areas in transition countries including Ethiopia have experienced a structural transformation in their agricultural sectors combined with profound demographic changes, primarily due to massive out migration of the rural active and educated labor forces toward urban areas and abroad. Despite the potential relevance of migration and resulting remittances in fostering or hindering of transformation in agriculture, in Ethiopia little is understood about the linkage between these activities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of rural out migration on agricultural production by using a cross-sectional data obtained from randomly chosen 270 rural farm households during 2016/17 production season. A two stage Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The estimated results of the first stage showed that out-migration of labor from rural areas had insignificant effect on the labor hours allocated for agricultural activities of both temporary and permanent migrant sending households. On the other hand, the remittance income from migrant had significant and increasing effect on farm capital stock of permanent migrant sending households. Yet, it had positive but insignificant effect on farm capital stock of temporary migrant sending households. The second stage analysis revealed that migrant sending households obtain higher income than non-migrant sending households especially the permanent one. This indicated that rural out migration had a positive impact on agricultural production of study area on the rural households. The study recommends that Ethiopian government should give emphasis to the potential contributions of outmigration in supporting or generating employment opportunities.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia
AU  - Mulugeta Tadesse
AU  - Milkessa Temesgen
AU  - Milkessa Wakjera
Y1  - 2021/12/11
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
T2  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JF  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JO  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
SP  - 142
EP  - 151
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5021
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
AB  - Over the past several years, rural areas in transition countries including Ethiopia have experienced a structural transformation in their agricultural sectors combined with profound demographic changes, primarily due to massive out migration of the rural active and educated labor forces toward urban areas and abroad. Despite the potential relevance of migration and resulting remittances in fostering or hindering of transformation in agriculture, in Ethiopia little is understood about the linkage between these activities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of rural out migration on agricultural production by using a cross-sectional data obtained from randomly chosen 270 rural farm households during 2016/17 production season. A two stage Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The estimated results of the first stage showed that out-migration of labor from rural areas had insignificant effect on the labor hours allocated for agricultural activities of both temporary and permanent migrant sending households. On the other hand, the remittance income from migrant had significant and increasing effect on farm capital stock of permanent migrant sending households. Yet, it had positive but insignificant effect on farm capital stock of temporary migrant sending households. The second stage analysis revealed that migrant sending households obtain higher income than non-migrant sending households especially the permanent one. This indicated that rural out migration had a positive impact on agricultural production of study area on the rural households. The study recommends that Ethiopian government should give emphasis to the potential contributions of outmigration in supporting or generating employment opportunities.
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Mulugeta Tadesse

Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness & Value Chain Management, Kabridahar University, Kabridahar, Ethiopia
Milkessa Temesgen

Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
Milkessa Wakjera

Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mulugeta Tadesse, Milkessa Temesgen, Milkessa Wakjera. (2021). Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment, 6(6), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mulugeta Tadesse; Milkessa Temesgen; Milkessa Wakjera. Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia. Int. J. Econ. Energy Environ. 2021, 6(6), 142-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mulugeta Tadesse, Milkessa Temesgen, Milkessa Wakjera. Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia. Int J Econ Energy Environ. 2021;6(6):142-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12,
  author = {Mulugeta Tadesse and Milkessa Temesgen and Milkessa Wakjera},
  title = {Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {142-151},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeee.20210606.12},
  abstract = {Over the past several years, rural areas in transition countries including Ethiopia have experienced a structural transformation in their agricultural sectors combined with profound demographic changes, primarily due to massive out migration of the rural active and educated labor forces toward urban areas and abroad. Despite the potential relevance of migration and resulting remittances in fostering or hindering of transformation in agriculture, in Ethiopia little is understood about the linkage between these activities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of rural out migration on agricultural production by using a cross-sectional data obtained from randomly chosen 270 rural farm households during 2016/17 production season. A two stage Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The estimated results of the first stage showed that out-migration of labor from rural areas had insignificant effect on the labor hours allocated for agricultural activities of both temporary and permanent migrant sending households. On the other hand, the remittance income from migrant had significant and increasing effect on farm capital stock of permanent migrant sending households. Yet, it had positive but insignificant effect on farm capital stock of temporary migrant sending households. The second stage analysis revealed that migrant sending households obtain higher income than non-migrant sending households especially the permanent one. This indicated that rural out migration had a positive impact on agricultural production of study area on the rural households. The study recommends that Ethiopian government should give emphasis to the potential contributions of outmigration in supporting or generating employment opportunities.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Rural Outmigration on Agricultural Production of Rural Farm Households: The Case of Kutaber Woreda, Ethiopia
AU  - Mulugeta Tadesse
AU  - Milkessa Temesgen
AU  - Milkessa Wakjera
Y1  - 2021/12/11
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
T2  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JF  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
JO  - International Journal of Economy, Energy and Environment
SP  - 142
EP  - 151
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5021
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeee.20210606.12
AB  - Over the past several years, rural areas in transition countries including Ethiopia have experienced a structural transformation in their agricultural sectors combined with profound demographic changes, primarily due to massive out migration of the rural active and educated labor forces toward urban areas and abroad. Despite the potential relevance of migration and resulting remittances in fostering or hindering of transformation in agriculture, in Ethiopia little is understood about the linkage between these activities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of rural out migration on agricultural production by using a cross-sectional data obtained from randomly chosen 270 rural farm households during 2016/17 production season. A two stage Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The estimated results of the first stage showed that out-migration of labor from rural areas had insignificant effect on the labor hours allocated for agricultural activities of both temporary and permanent migrant sending households. On the other hand, the remittance income from migrant had significant and increasing effect on farm capital stock of permanent migrant sending households. Yet, it had positive but insignificant effect on farm capital stock of temporary migrant sending households. The second stage analysis revealed that migrant sending households obtain higher income than non-migrant sending households especially the permanent one. This indicated that rural out migration had a positive impact on agricultural production of study area on the rural households. The study recommends that Ethiopian government should give emphasis to the potential contributions of outmigration in supporting or generating employment opportunities.
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download