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“Ecologism” as an Attempt to Overcome the Ideological Crisis of "Europeanism"

Received: 9 November 2020    Accepted: 17 December 2020    Published: 25 June 2021
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Abstract

Successful European integration requires its own ideology. This is "Europeanism". In this article "Europeanism" is examined as an internally contradictory combination of irrational and rational considerations, officially presented as part of the paradigm of the European Enlightenment. After the expulsion of rival ideologies, neoliberalism builds the basis of today's Europeanism, which claims to be scientific, together with the several integration theories. Practice refutes most of these rational constructions after the 2008 crisis, both economically and politically. Integration theories cannot explain why the free market is failing. The crisis in the Eurozone 2011 revitalized economic nationalism and contributed to the erosion of the dominant paradigm. In the political field Europeanism has failed in its attempt to transform the EU's immediate environment in a positive way. The enforcement of multiculturalism, despite acknowledgments that it “has failed”, has split the Union internally. The reaction is a collapse of the belief in neoliberalism and hence the rise of Euroscepticism. In an attempt to organize some kind of "Counter-Reformation" in search of the lost loyalty, the European elite is trying to renew and supplement the ideological basis of the integration with one of the directions of (delete ‘the’) left-wing neoliberalism, namely "ecologism". It tries to impose - both domestically and internationally, the fight against "global warming" as an irrational cause that will give a new impetus to social development and integration in particular, as well as (delete ‘to’) solve specific problems of the energy poor European Union. The ecological ingredient in Europeanism is very suitable psychologically - "alarmism" is very well received by some rich and “anxious” societies. Economically it could help the energy poor Union to restrain its competitors on the world market. But the success of this attempt does not seem certain.

Published in International Journal of European Studies (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14
Page(s) 31-36
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ideology, Europeanism, Neoliberalism, Ideological Crisis, Ecologism

References
[1] Maffettone, Sebastiano, The Legacy of the Enlightenment and the Exemplarity of the EU Model, The Monist, Vol. 92, No. 2, 2009, Published By: Oxford University Press; Manuela Ceretta and Barbara Curli, Discourses and Counter-discourses on Europe, From the Enlightenment to the EU, 2017.
[2] Finally developed by Poper, Karl, in the works "Poverty of Historicism" (1945) and "Open Society" (1945).
[3] Andreas Novy and Martin Konecny, The European ideology is a barrier to a meaningful debate about the EU, The European Illusion, 2017, https://the-european-illusion.eu/the-book/strategy/european-ideology/.
[4] Klaus, Václav, What is Europeism?, English Pages, 20. 11. 2006, https://www.klaus.cz/clanky/1326J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68–73.
[5] Simeonova, Elena, Vlijanie na Evropejskija sajuz varhu dinamikata na vatreshnopolitichestkite krizi v Balgarija, UI Stopanstvo, Sofia, 2011 (in Bulgarian), p. 7.
[6] Frischhut, Markus, Status Quo of Ethics and Morality in EU Law, The Ethical Spirit of EU Law, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-10582-2_3.
[7] Bratanova, Kalina, The Multimodal Construction of Euroscepticism in the Economist, 2021, UNWE publishing complex, ISBN 978-619-232-453-7.
[8] Crafts, Nicholas, Western Europe’s Growth Prospects: an Historical Perspective, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy Research Centre, University of Warwick, 2011, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/events/2011/2011-11-21-annual-research-conference_en/pdf/session012_crafts_en.pdf.
[9] Europe 1992: the overall challenge [summary of the Cecchini report]. SEC (88) 524 final, 13 April 1988.
[10] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Intra-EU_trade_in_goods_-_main_features#Evolution_of_intra-EU_trade_in_goods:_2003-2019.
[11] “Merkel says German multicultural society has failed", BBC News. 2010-10-17, Kirkup, James, "Muslims must embrace our British values, David Cameron says", The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
[12] Tcakova, Ivka, Oligarhicni zaplahi pred obedinena evropa. Ste se razpadne li Evropejskijat sajuz?, Sofia, Faber, 2016, p. 148.
[13] http://www.consilium.europa.eu/bg/press/press-releases/2017/03/25-rome-declaration/.
[14] Kevin Harrison and Tony Boyd, Environmentalism and ecologism, Understanding political ideas and movements, Manchester University Press, eISBN: 9781526137951.
[15] Ehret, Matthew, The Collapse of Predictive Models and a Return to Real Thinking, Available at: https://canadianpatriot.org/2020/04/21/from-cop-21-to-covid-19-the-collapse-of-predictive-models-and-the-return-to-actual-thinking/.
[16] Geert Hofstede, Gert Jan Hofstede, Michael Minkov, Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, Third Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 2010, ISBN 0071770151, 9780071770156.
[17] D. Weißbach, G. Ruprechta, A. Huke, K. Czerski, S. Gottlieb, A. Hussein, Energy intensities, EROIs (energy returned on invested), and energy payback times of electricity generating power plants, Energy, Volume 52, 1 April 2013, Pages 210-221 (2013).
[18] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/11442886/2-22102020-BP-EN.pdf/a21ffbf8-09c9-b520-8fa9-6e804146bf0f.
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    Chankov Georgi Geоrgiev. (2021). “Ecologism” as an Attempt to Overcome the Ideological Crisis of "Europeanism". International Journal of European Studies, 5(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14

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    Chankov Georgi Geоrgiev. “Ecologism” as an Attempt to Overcome the Ideological Crisis of "Europeanism". Int. J. Eur. Stud. 2021, 5(1), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14

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    Chankov Georgi Geоrgiev. “Ecologism” as an Attempt to Overcome the Ideological Crisis of "Europeanism". Int J Eur Stud. 2021;5(1):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14,
      author = {Chankov Georgi Geоrgiev},
      title = {“Ecologism” as an Attempt to Overcome the Ideological Crisis of "Europeanism"},
      journal = {International Journal of European Studies},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {31-36},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijes.20210501.14},
      abstract = {Successful European integration requires its own ideology. This is "Europeanism". In this article "Europeanism" is examined as an internally contradictory combination of irrational and rational considerations, officially presented as part of the paradigm of the European Enlightenment. After the expulsion of rival ideologies, neoliberalism builds the basis of today's Europeanism, which claims to be scientific, together with the several integration theories. Practice refutes most of these rational constructions after the 2008 crisis, both economically and politically. Integration theories cannot explain why the free market is failing. The crisis in the Eurozone 2011 revitalized economic nationalism and contributed to the erosion of the dominant paradigm. In the political field Europeanism has failed in its attempt to transform the EU's immediate environment in a positive way. The enforcement of multiculturalism, despite acknowledgments that it “has failed”, has split the Union internally. The reaction is a collapse of the belief in neoliberalism and hence the rise of Euroscepticism. In an attempt to organize some kind of "Counter-Reformation" in search of the lost loyalty, the European elite is trying to renew and supplement the ideological basis of the integration with one of the directions of (delete ‘the’) left-wing neoliberalism, namely "ecologism". It tries to impose - both domestically and internationally, the fight against "global warming" as an irrational cause that will give a new impetus to social development and integration in particular, as well as (delete ‘to’) solve specific problems of the energy poor European Union. The ecological ingredient in Europeanism is very suitable psychologically - "alarmism" is very well received by some rich and “anxious” societies. Economically it could help the energy poor Union to restrain its competitors on the world market. But the success of this attempt does not seem certain.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department International Relations, Faculty International Economics and Politics, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria

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