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Three Ways of Life in One Woman Body of a Married Mother, a Martyr, and an Abbess of a Monastery: St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos

Received: 27 October 2022    Accepted: 21 November 2022    Published: 29 November 2022
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Abstract

This paper is a reflexion on the three Ways of Life of St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos as reflected in the Ethiopic hagiography, “Gädlä’ St. FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos” which contains her life, work, struggle, covenant and mälk’Ə. It is well known that Ethiopia had many great women martyrs and monastics that are recognized as saints by the Ethiopian Orthodox TäwhƏdo Church (EOTC). Among these women saints, St. FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos had played a vital role in the religious and social life of the 17thc. period of Ethiopia and she is venerated as a great martyr, a monastic and a prominent saint. When we see the lives of Christian women saints in general, most of them were virgins, and some of them entered in to the monastic life after the repose of their spouse. So the hagiography of women saints generally reveals a virgin woman becoming a nun and living her entire life as a monastic or becoming a martyr; and sometimes both. There are also many married martyrs who have received the crown of martyrdom while witnessing for their Faith. Thus most of their lives generally exhibit either of the two ways of life, i.e., monasticism and/or martyrdom or married life and martyrdom. However, in the case of St. FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos, amazingly she had lived all the three ways of life, which is quite unusual and rare. She was a married woman who had got married in obedience of her parents’ will and receiving the crown of martyrdom thereafter for her Faith. However what makes her life quite different from other martyrs is that she was raised by the Lord from death and had continued her third way of life as a monastic. As a result, she had lived three ways of life in one body.

Published in International Journal of Literature and Arts (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijla.20221006.12
Page(s) 344-351
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hagiography of Women Saints, Women Body, Women Ways of Life, St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos, Abbess of a Monastery

References
[1] Adamu Amare and Belaynesh Mikael, 1970, The Church of Ethiopia, A Panorama of History and Spiritual life, The Role of the Church in Literature and Art, Addis Ababa, a publication of the EOTC, p. 74.
[2] Amsalu Tefera, 2011 E. C., Näq’a Mätsahift, Addis Ababa, jajaw Printing press. p. 211. (In Amharic language).
[3] BöLL Verena, 2003, Hamburg; Saints, Biographies and History in Africa, Holy women in Ethiopia, Frankfurt, page 31-45.
[4] Cohen, Leonardo. 2009, The missionary strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555-1632). Vol. 70. Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 53 and 7-16.
[5] (2007), The Jesuits in Ethiopia: Missionary Methods and Local Responses to Catholicism (1555-1632), Aethiopica 10, International Journal of Ethiopian and Eritrean Studies, University of Hamburg, P. 301-302.
[6] EOTC, 1988, Amharic commentary of St. Paul Epistles, ‘ye’qidus Paulos Metsehaf Nibabu ka’ne’ Treguamew”, A. A.).
[7] EOTC. 2000 E. C., The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church History from the Birth of Christ to 2000 E. C.; A. A. Tinsae zegubae matemiya bet. (Amharic).
[8] Esposito Joseph J., 1994, “Hagiology” The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 5, Chicago, 615.
[9] Harden J. M. 1926 ‘An introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature’ New York, NY: McMillan, p. 27.
[10] Kefyalew Merahi (kesis): 1998, “The spiritual and Social Life of Christian Women”, Addis Ababa, Commercial Printing Enterprise, p. 39.
[11] Kidane Wold Kifle (Aleqa) 1948, Mätsähafä Sewasäw wä ges wä Mäzgäbä qalat Artistic printing press, p. 301.
[12] kinefe – Rigb Zeleke, 1975, “Bibliography of the Ethiopian Hagiographical Tradition”, JES, vol. XIII, No. 2, No. 40&41., AAU, p. 57-102.
[13] Lorenzi James De, 2015, Guardians of the Tradition: Historians and Historical Writing in Ethiopia, University of Rochester press, page 98.
[14] Märqorəwos Aräga (Like Birhanat), 1998 E. C.: The history of Ethiopian Saints 5th book, P. 92-95.
[15] Nosnitsin Denis, 2005, FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos, Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 2, Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden, p. 521.
[16] Sirgew Hable Selassie (Dr.), 1969, The bibliography of ancient and medieval Ethiopian history” page. 56-58.
[17] 1982 E. C. Amharic Church dictionary: Ethiopian microfilmed agency, AAU. vol. 11, p. 134-35. (Amharic).
[18] Taddesse Tamrat, 1968, Church and State in Ethiopia 1270 - 1527, A Thesis of Ph.D. in the University of London, p. 12.
[19] 1970, The Church of Ethiopia, A Panorama of History and Spiritual life, Persecution and Religious Controversies, Addis Ababa, a publication of the EOTC, p. 29.
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    Zewdie Gebreegziabher, Abba Petros Solomon. (2022). Three Ways of Life in One Woman Body of a Married Mother, a Martyr, and an Abbess of a Monastery: St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos. International Journal of Literature and Arts, 10(6), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijla.20221006.12

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    ACS Style

    Zewdie Gebreegziabher; Abba Petros Solomon. Three Ways of Life in One Woman Body of a Married Mother, a Martyr, and an Abbess of a Monastery: St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos. Int. J. Lit. Arts 2022, 10(6), 344-351. doi: 10.11648/j.ijla.20221006.12

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    AMA Style

    Zewdie Gebreegziabher, Abba Petros Solomon. Three Ways of Life in One Woman Body of a Married Mother, a Martyr, and an Abbess of a Monastery: St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos. Int J Lit Arts. 2022;10(6):344-351. doi: 10.11648/j.ijla.20221006.12

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      author = {Zewdie Gebreegziabher and Abba Petros Solomon},
      title = {Three Ways of Life in One Woman Body of a Married Mother, a Martyr, and an Abbess of a Monastery: St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos},
      journal = {International Journal of Literature and Arts},
      volume = {10},
      number = {6},
      pages = {344-351},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijla.20221006.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijla.20221006.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijla.20221006.12},
      abstract = {This paper is a reflexion on the three Ways of Life of St. Fǝqǝrtä Krǝstos as reflected in the Ethiopic hagiography, “Gädlä’ St. FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos” which contains her life, work, struggle, covenant and mälk’Ə. It is well known that Ethiopia had many great women martyrs and monastics that are recognized as saints by the Ethiopian Orthodox TäwhƏdo Church (EOTC). Among these women saints, St. FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos had played a vital role in the religious and social life of the 17thc. period of Ethiopia and she is venerated as a great martyr, a monastic and a prominent saint. When we see the lives of Christian women saints in general, most of them were virgins, and some of them entered in to the monastic life after the repose of their spouse. So the hagiography of women saints generally reveals a virgin woman becoming a nun and living her entire life as a monastic or becoming a martyr; and sometimes both. There are also many married martyrs who have received the crown of martyrdom while witnessing for their Faith. Thus most of their lives generally exhibit either of the two ways of life, i.e., monasticism and/or martyrdom or married life and martyrdom. However, in the case of St. FƏqƏrtä KrƏstos, amazingly she had lived all the three ways of life, which is quite unusual and rare. She was a married woman who had got married in obedience of her parents’ will and receiving the crown of martyrdom thereafter for her Faith. However what makes her life quite different from other martyrs is that she was raised by the Lord from death and had continued her third way of life as a monastic. As a result, she had lived three ways of life in one body.},
     year = {2022}
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Author Information
  • Department of Philology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Philology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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