,
Moise Matakone,
Laurent Akono,
Charles Kouanfack,
Lucien Honoré Sone Etame
Background and Purpose: Candidiasis are the most frequent fungal infection, especially in immunocompromised people such as patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Data on the fungal prevalence and antifungal resistance rate particularly in PLHIV in Cameroon are scarce. This study aimed to determine the distribution and the antifungal resistance profile of Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples of PLHIV visiting the laboratory service of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the PLHIV visiting the Central Hospital of Yaoundé laboratory service. Samples were collected according to the signs and symptoms recorded by the patient and inoculated onto Sabouraud + Chloramphenicol agar medium for 24 hours incubation at 35°C ± 2°C. Typical Candida colonies were subjected to a germ tube test to identify Candida albicans and the other species were identified biochemically using API Candida (BioMérieux). The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the disk diffusion method and seven antifungal discs (Bioanalyse) were tested. Results: Overall, 106 unique samples were obtained from participants. The positivity rate of Candida spp. was 37.7%. Candida isolates were mostly recovered from sputum (n=15/40) followed by the oral swabs (n=10/40) and the vaginal swabs (n=08/40). Out of the 40 isolates, Candida albicans was the predominant species 57.5% followed by Candida krusei 15%, Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii 10% each and Candida famata 7.5%. The antifungal drug resistance profile of Candida spp. revealed the highest resistance rates to Amphotericin B (95.0%), Fluconazole (57.5%) and Nystatin (42.5%). Conversely, Clotrimazole, Miconazole and Econazole were the most effective against Candida spp. Conclusion: The high frequency of Candida spp. isolation, resistant to several commonly used antifungals among PLHIV in a hospital setting is a direct call for stakeholders, policymakers and clinicians about antifungal therapy awareness in this vulnerable population.
| Published in | International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 9, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12 |
| Page(s) | 37-42 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
PLHIV, Candida, Antifungal Drug Resistance
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Participants
Variables | Modality | Frequency (106) | Positive culture n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 20 -30 | 17 | 10 (58.8) |
31 – 40 | 27 | 12 (44.4) | |
41 -50 | 23 | 08 (34.7) | |
50+ | 39 | 11 (28.2) | |
Gender | Male | 66 | 18 (27.3) |
Female | 40 | 23 (57.5) | |
Matrimonial status | Single | 18 | 08 (44.4) |
Married | 72 | 30 (41.7) | |
Widow | 16 | 03 (18.8) | |
Educational level | Illiterate | 17 | 06 (35.3) |
Primary | 33 | 12 (36.4) | |
Secondary | 35 | 09 (25.7) | |
University | 21 | 14 (66.7) |
3.2. Distribution of Candida spp. Isolates
Candida spp. | Samples (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sputum | Oral swab | Vaginal swabs | Stool | Urines | |
Candida albicans (23) | 08 (34.8) | 03 (13.0) | 05 (21.7) | 04 (17.4) | 03 (13.0) |
Candida famata (03) | 00 | 01 (33.3) | 02 (66.7) | 00 | 00 |
Candida glabrata (04) | 00 | 03 (75.0) | 01 (25.0) | 00 | 00 |
Candida guilliermondii (04) | 01 (25.0) | 03 (75.0) | 00 | 00 | 00 |
Candida krusei (06) | 06 (100.0) | 00 (0.0) | 00 (0.0) | 00 (0.0) | 00 |
Total (n=40) | 15 | 10 | 08 | 04 | 03 |
3.3. Antifungal Resistance Profile
Isolates (n) | Resistance rate n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECO | CLT | FLU | MCZ | KTC | AMB | NY | |
Total (40) | 11 (27.5) | 10 (25.0) | 23 (57.5) | 11 (27.5) | 16 (40.0) | 38 (95.0) | 17 (42.5) |
Candida albicans (23) | 06 (26.1) | 06 (26.1) | 11 (47.8) | 03 (13.0) | 07 (30.4) | 22 (95.7) | 10 (42.5) |
Candida famata (03) | 00 | 01 (33.3) | 01 (33.3) | 00 | 01 (33.3) | 03 (100) | 01 (33.3) |
Candida glabrata (04) | 01 (25.0) | 02 (50.0) | 02 (50.0) | 01 (25.0) | 02 (50.0) | 03 (75.0) | 01 (25.0) |
Candida guilliermondii (04) | 01 (25) | 00 | 03 (75.0) | 03 (75.0) | 02 (50.0) | 04 (100) | 02 (50.0) |
Candida krusei (06) | 03 (50.0) | 01 (16.7) | 06 (100) | 04 (66.7) | 03 (50.0) | 06 (100) | 03 (50.0) |
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APA Style
Kamdem, A. S., Gueguim, C., Matakone, M., Akono, L., Kouanfack, C., et al. (2024). Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida spp. Isolated from Patients Living with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital . International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 9(2), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12
ACS Style
Kamdem, A. S.; Gueguim, C.; Matakone, M.; Akono, L.; Kouanfack, C., et al. Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida spp. Isolated from Patients Living with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital . Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2024, 9(2), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12
AMA Style
Kamdem AS, Gueguim C, Matakone M, Akono L, Kouanfack C, et al. Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida spp. Isolated from Patients Living with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital . Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024;9(2):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12,
author = {Ashley Sonmele Kamdem and Cedric Gueguim and Moise Matakone and Laurent Akono and Charles Kouanfack and Lucien Honoré Sone Etame},
title = {Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida spp. Isolated from Patients Living with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital
},
journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {37-42},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20240902.12},
abstract = {Background and Purpose: Candidiasis are the most frequent fungal infection, especially in immunocompromised people such as patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Data on the fungal prevalence and antifungal resistance rate particularly in PLHIV in Cameroon are scarce. This study aimed to determine the distribution and the antifungal resistance profile of Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples of PLHIV visiting the laboratory service of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the PLHIV visiting the Central Hospital of Yaoundé laboratory service. Samples were collected according to the signs and symptoms recorded by the patient and inoculated onto Sabouraud + Chloramphenicol agar medium for 24 hours incubation at 35°C ± 2°C. Typical Candida colonies were subjected to a germ tube test to identify Candida albicans and the other species were identified biochemically using API Candida (BioMérieux). The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the disk diffusion method and seven antifungal discs (Bioanalyse) were tested. Results: Overall, 106 unique samples were obtained from participants. The positivity rate of Candida spp. was 37.7%. Candida isolates were mostly recovered from sputum (n=15/40) followed by the oral swabs (n=10/40) and the vaginal swabs (n=08/40). Out of the 40 isolates, Candida albicans was the predominant species 57.5% followed by Candida krusei 15%, Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii 10% each and Candida famata 7.5%. The antifungal drug resistance profile of Candida spp. revealed the highest resistance rates to Amphotericin B (95.0%), Fluconazole (57.5%) and Nystatin (42.5%). Conversely, Clotrimazole, Miconazole and Econazole were the most effective against Candida spp. Conclusion: The high frequency of Candida spp. isolation, resistant to several commonly used antifungals among PLHIV in a hospital setting is a direct call for stakeholders, policymakers and clinicians about antifungal therapy awareness in this vulnerable population.},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida spp. Isolated from Patients Living with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital AU - Ashley Sonmele Kamdem AU - Cedric Gueguim AU - Moise Matakone AU - Laurent Akono AU - Charles Kouanfack AU - Lucien Honoré Sone Etame Y1 - 2024/04/17 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12 T2 - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JF - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JO - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology SP - 37 EP - 42 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-9686 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20240902.12 AB - Background and Purpose: Candidiasis are the most frequent fungal infection, especially in immunocompromised people such as patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Data on the fungal prevalence and antifungal resistance rate particularly in PLHIV in Cameroon are scarce. This study aimed to determine the distribution and the antifungal resistance profile of Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples of PLHIV visiting the laboratory service of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the PLHIV visiting the Central Hospital of Yaoundé laboratory service. Samples were collected according to the signs and symptoms recorded by the patient and inoculated onto Sabouraud + Chloramphenicol agar medium for 24 hours incubation at 35°C ± 2°C. Typical Candida colonies were subjected to a germ tube test to identify Candida albicans and the other species were identified biochemically using API Candida (BioMérieux). The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the disk diffusion method and seven antifungal discs (Bioanalyse) were tested. Results: Overall, 106 unique samples were obtained from participants. The positivity rate of Candida spp. was 37.7%. Candida isolates were mostly recovered from sputum (n=15/40) followed by the oral swabs (n=10/40) and the vaginal swabs (n=08/40). Out of the 40 isolates, Candida albicans was the predominant species 57.5% followed by Candida krusei 15%, Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii 10% each and Candida famata 7.5%. The antifungal drug resistance profile of Candida spp. revealed the highest resistance rates to Amphotericin B (95.0%), Fluconazole (57.5%) and Nystatin (42.5%). Conversely, Clotrimazole, Miconazole and Econazole were the most effective against Candida spp. Conclusion: The high frequency of Candida spp. isolation, resistant to several commonly used antifungals among PLHIV in a hospital setting is a direct call for stakeholders, policymakers and clinicians about antifungal therapy awareness in this vulnerable population. VL - 9 IS - 2 ER -
Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Environmental Sciences, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Wood, Water and the Environment, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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