| Peer-Reviewed

Load Structure of the Pre-Competition Altitude Training on Triathletes for Seventh World Military Games

Received: 10 November 2022    Accepted: 28 November 2022    Published: 29 December 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Load structure of the pre-competition altitude training on triathletes for seventh world military games. Through monitoring the systematic performance indicators of the pre-Seventh World Military Games, and tracking trainers for implementation of training programs in the altitude training, basing on the results of functional monitoring and competition, the composition and application of the load structure of pre-competition altitude training in triathlon were analyzed and evaluated comprehensively to make empirical study on the pre-competition altitude training. The results are as follows: 1. The training load pattern of the pre-race was the second maximum load, the maximum load, the medium load and pre-match adjustment. Aerobic training was accounted for 65% of total training, mixed oxygen training is accounted for 28%, anaerobic training was accounted for 7%. 2. The hematocrit (HCT) of male athletes decreased in the last week before the race, P > 0.05, urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher than the normal range from the third to the twice week before the race, P < 0.05, creatine kinase (CK) increased in the last week before the race and the competitive state decreased, P > 0.05. The hematocrit (HCT) of female athletes increased in the last week before the race, P < 0.05. Testosterone (T) increased significantly from the third to the twice week before the race, P < 0.05, and competitive status increased. 3. The pre-competition load structure arrangement was basically reasonable, achieving the best competitive state by doing precise training control was the key to acquire the best competitive performance.

Published in International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16
Page(s) 122-130
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Seventh World Military Games, Triathlon, Altitude Training, Load Structure, Functional Monitoring

References
[1] Li Rui jie. Analysis and evaluation of Chinese high-level swimmers [D]. Beijing Sport University, 2006.
[2] Tao Xi. Analysis and evaluation of pre-race training load characteristics of world altitude triathletes [D]. Beijing Sport University, 2011.
[3] Xu Ben li. Theories of sport training [M]. Ji Nan, Shandong Education Press, 1989: 95.
[4] Xiong Yan. Establishment and implementation of the altitude training mode of the national triathlon team [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education, 2009, (8): 118-121.
[5] Zhao Qiu shuang, Chen Gang, Li En qi. Empirical study on the altitude training load of Chinese female triathletes [J]. Journal of Shandong University of Physical Education, 2011, (6): 64-68.
[6] Deng Yun long. Analysis of the part training characteristics of the triathlon sports [J]. Sichuan Sports Science, 2007, (1): 73-76.
[7] Jose Angel, Rioseco Diaz. China and Spain sports cooperation and exchange triathlon coach workshop and, 2009 China Triathlon Intermediate coach post training class lecture [Z]. 2009-12-(15-21).
[8] Millet, GP Candau, RB Barbier. Modelling the transfers of training effects on performance in elite triathlete [J]. International Journal Sports Med, 2002, 23 (1): 55-63.
[9] Juan Del, Coso, Cristina, González, Javier Abian-Vicen. Relationship between physiological parameters and performance during a half-ironman triathlon in the heat [J]. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014, 32 (18): 1680-1687.
[10] Yi-Hung Liao, Toby Mündel, Yan-Ting Yang. Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under norm baric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes [J]. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019 (3): 1805-1815.
[11] Yang Xi rang, Fu Hao Jian. The Development and Application of Classical Research Methods in Human Movement Science [M]. Beijing: The People's Sports Publishing House, 2007: 151, 172-174.
[12] Fan Xiao Bing. Effect of altitude training on blood oxygen carrying ability of middle-distance runners [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education, 2008, 31 (9): 1223-1224.
[13] Feng Lian Shi, Feng Mei Yun, Feng Wei Quan. Physical function evaluation method of excellent athletes [M], Beijing: The People's Sports Publishing House, 2003: 35-48, 88-89.
[14] Aline V, Caris M. D, Fábio S. Carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation modulates the Th1/Th2 balance after exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 4500m [J]. Nutrition, 2014, 30 (11-12): 1331-1336.
[15] Rohde T, Maclean D A, Hartkopp A, et al. The immune system and serum glutamine during a triathlon [J]. European Journal of Applied Physiology & Occupational Physiology, 1996, 74 (5): 428-434.
[16] Wang Xiao Jian, Wang Bo Qing. Relationship between testosterone and cortisol and motor capacity and functional status [J]. Shandong Sports Science and Technology, 1995, 4: 45-48.
[17] Lin Wen Tao, Song Xue, Zhao Fang fang. Blood testosterone, cortisol, and exercise load assessment [J]. Chinese sports coach, 2017, 25 (2): 14-17.
[18] Zeng Fan Xing. Effect of exercise on testosterone and protein catabolism [J]. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 1991, 10 (2): 96.
[19] Xie Min Hao, Feng Wei Quan, Yang Tian le. Blood testosterone with exercise [J] Journal of sports science, 1999, 19 (2): 80-83.
[20] Gleeson Michael. Immune function in sport and exercise [J]. Journal of applied physiology, 2007, 103 (2): 693-699.
[21] Xiong Yan, Chen Xiao ran, Zhang Ce, Tian Mai jiu. Construction and application of altitude training system of Chinese Triathlon Team [C] Proceedings of the fifth National Youth Sports Science Academic Conference and the second China Sports Doctor Senior Forum, 2008. 11.
[22] Guo Jia Xing, Yan Feng, Li Shao dan. The law of training arrangement for outstanding athletes in physical category [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education, 1995, 18 (2): 66-73.
[23] Xu Ben li, Kui Li, MA Ji guang. Research on the time science law of the competitive state regulation before the competition- -the Scientific significance of the precomputation training time regulation and the analysis of the influencing factors [J]. sports science and technology, 2001, 22 (2): 20-22.
[24] CHEN Lin. Impacts of Altitude Training on Body Function and Aerobic Capacity of Elite Male Swimming Athletes [J]. Journal of Beijing Sport University May. 2010, 5 (33): 133-135.
[25] Zhai Feng, Zhang Yan ping. Regulation of pretraining in middle-distance runners [J]. Journal of Shandong University of Physical Education, 2007, 23 (5): 75-78.
[26] Gao Yang. Study on the plateau endurance training in Jilin Province [D]. Northeast Normal University, 2009.
[27] M J Lehmann Lormes, A Opitz-Gress et al. Training and overtraining: an overview and experimental results in endurance sports [J]. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 1997, 37 (1): 7-17.
[28] Michael Litzenberg, Levi Kane, John CoumbeLilley. Strength Training with College Triathletes for USA Triathlon National Championships [J]. Journal of kinesiology & nutrition student, 2015, 3.
[29] Vinciguerra G, Belcaro G, Bonanni E. Evaluation of the effects of supplementation with Pycnogenol? on fitness in normal subjects with the Army Physical Fitness Test and in performances of athletes in the 100-minute triathlon [J]. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2018, 53 (6): 644-654.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Qi Hua, Chai Jian Zhong, Wang Dong Liang, Xu Qi Lin, Wang Jian. (2022). Load Structure of the Pre-Competition Altitude Training on Triathletes for Seventh World Military Games. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 7(4), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Qi Hua; Chai Jian Zhong; Wang Dong Liang; Xu Qi Lin; Wang Jian. Load Structure of the Pre-Competition Altitude Training on Triathletes for Seventh World Military Games. Int. J. Sports Sci. Phys. Educ. 2022, 7(4), 122-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Qi Hua, Chai Jian Zhong, Wang Dong Liang, Xu Qi Lin, Wang Jian. Load Structure of the Pre-Competition Altitude Training on Triathletes for Seventh World Military Games. Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ. 2022;7(4):122-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16,
      author = {Qi Hua and Chai Jian Zhong and Wang Dong Liang and Xu Qi Lin and Wang Jian},
      title = {Load Structure of the Pre-Competition Altitude Training on Triathletes for Seventh World Military Games},
      journal = {International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {122-130},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsspe.20220704.16},
      abstract = {Load structure of the pre-competition altitude training on triathletes for seventh world military games. Through monitoring the systematic performance indicators of the pre-Seventh World Military Games, and tracking trainers for implementation of training programs in the altitude training, basing on the results of functional monitoring and competition, the composition and application of the load structure of pre-competition altitude training in triathlon were analyzed and evaluated comprehensively to make empirical study on the pre-competition altitude training. The results are as follows: 1. The training load pattern of the pre-race was the second maximum load, the maximum load, the medium load and pre-match adjustment. Aerobic training was accounted for 65% of total training, mixed oxygen training is accounted for 28%, anaerobic training was accounted for 7%. 2. The hematocrit (HCT) of male athletes decreased in the last week before the race, P > 0.05, urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher than the normal range from the third to the twice week before the race, P  0.05. The hematocrit (HCT) of female athletes increased in the last week before the race, P < 0.05. Testosterone (T) increased significantly from the third to the twice week before the race, P < 0.05, and competitive status increased. 3. The pre-competition load structure arrangement was basically reasonable, achieving the best competitive state by doing precise training control was the key to acquire the best competitive performance.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Load Structure of the Pre-Competition Altitude Training on Triathletes for Seventh World Military Games
    AU  - Qi Hua
    AU  - Chai Jian Zhong
    AU  - Wang Dong Liang
    AU  - Xu Qi Lin
    AU  - Wang Jian
    Y1  - 2022/12/29
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16
    T2  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    JF  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    JO  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    SP  - 122
    EP  - 130
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1611
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20220704.16
    AB  - Load structure of the pre-competition altitude training on triathletes for seventh world military games. Through monitoring the systematic performance indicators of the pre-Seventh World Military Games, and tracking trainers for implementation of training programs in the altitude training, basing on the results of functional monitoring and competition, the composition and application of the load structure of pre-competition altitude training in triathlon were analyzed and evaluated comprehensively to make empirical study on the pre-competition altitude training. The results are as follows: 1. The training load pattern of the pre-race was the second maximum load, the maximum load, the medium load and pre-match adjustment. Aerobic training was accounted for 65% of total training, mixed oxygen training is accounted for 28%, anaerobic training was accounted for 7%. 2. The hematocrit (HCT) of male athletes decreased in the last week before the race, P > 0.05, urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher than the normal range from the third to the twice week before the race, P  0.05. The hematocrit (HCT) of female athletes increased in the last week before the race, P < 0.05. Testosterone (T) increased significantly from the third to the twice week before the race, P < 0.05, and competitive status increased. 3. The pre-competition load structure arrangement was basically reasonable, achieving the best competitive state by doing precise training control was the key to acquire the best competitive performance.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Competitive Sports, Hebei Research Institute of Sports Science, Shi Jia Zhuang, China

  • Department of Competitive Sports, Hebei Research Institute of Sports Science, Shi Jia Zhuang, China

  • Department of Competitive Sports, Hebei Research Institute of Sports Science, Shi Jia Zhuang, China

  • Department of Competitive Sports, Hebei Research Institute of Sports Science, Shi Jia Zhuang, China

  • Department of Competitive Sports, Hebei Research Institute of Sports Science, Shi Jia Zhuang, China

  • Sections