Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of <i>Kalanchoe pinnata </i>Leaves

Taofik Olatunde Uthman; Rabiat Yetunde Salman; Ismail Abubakar Lamorde

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

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Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves

Taofik Olatunde Uthman, Rabiat Yetunde Salman, Ismail Abubakar Lamorde

Published in Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 12 May 2023 Accepted: 29 May 2023 Published: 10 June 2023

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Abstract

Kalanchoe pinnata is an important medicinal plant in Nigeria with numerous pharmacological activities. The present study investigates the antioxidant activity of alkaloid and flavonoid fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the plant were conducted followed by evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolline)-6-sulfonic acid, phosphomolybdenum, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition assays. The proximate composition of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves confirmed its edibility particularly in respect of moisture (86.73%) and carbohydrate (7.05%) content. The results revealed the presence of phenol (12.50 mg TAE/g), flavonoid (18.10 mg QE/g), flavanol (17.70 mg CE/g), alkaloid (26.98 mg/g), tannin (4.03 mg/g) and saponin (3.69 mg/g). Antioxidant assays indicated that both fractions exhibited antioxidant activity that is comparable to ascorbic acid and rutin with nitric oxide having the highest scavenging potential of 98.97% inhibition. GC-MS analysis of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions revealed the presence of 18 and 22 compounds respectively. The antioxidant activity of Kalanchoe pinnata may be attributed to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and oleic acid detected in the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions respectively. Overall, the data generated form this study portrayed Kalanchoe pinnata as a potential antioxidant agent.

Published in	Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
Page(s)	7-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Antioxidants

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APA Style

Taofik Olatunde Uthman, Rabiat Yetunde Salman, Ismail Abubakar Lamorde. (2023). Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves. Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, 9(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

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ACS Style

Taofik Olatunde Uthman; Rabiat Yetunde Salman; Ismail Abubakar Lamorde. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves. J. Drug Des. Med. Chem. 2023, 9(1), 7-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

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AMA Style

Taofik Olatunde Uthman, Rabiat Yetunde Salman, Ismail Abubakar Lamorde. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves. J Drug Des Med Chem. 2023;9(1):7-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12,
  author = {Taofik Olatunde Uthman and Rabiat Yetunde Salman and Ismail Abubakar Lamorde},
  title = {Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves},
  journal = {Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jddmc.20230901.12},
  abstract = {Kalanchoe pinnata is an important medicinal plant in Nigeria with numerous pharmacological activities. The present study investigates the antioxidant activity of alkaloid and flavonoid fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the plant were conducted followed by evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolline)-6-sulfonic acid, phosphomolybdenum, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition assays. The proximate composition of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves confirmed its edibility particularly in respect of moisture (86.73%) and carbohydrate (7.05%) content. The results revealed the presence of phenol (12.50 mg TAE/g), flavonoid (18.10 mg QE/g), flavanol (17.70 mg CE/g), alkaloid (26.98 mg/g), tannin (4.03 mg/g) and saponin (3.69 mg/g). Antioxidant assays indicated that both fractions exhibited antioxidant activity that is comparable to ascorbic acid and rutin with nitric oxide having the highest scavenging potential of 98.97% inhibition. GC-MS analysis of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions revealed the presence of 18 and 22 compounds respectively. The antioxidant activity of Kalanchoe pinnata may be attributed to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and oleic acid detected in the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions respectively. Overall, the data generated form this study portrayed Kalanchoe pinnata as a potential antioxidant agent.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves
AU  - Taofik Olatunde Uthman
AU  - Rabiat Yetunde Salman
AU  - Ismail Abubakar Lamorde
Y1  - 2023/06/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
T2  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JO  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3576
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
AB  - Kalanchoe pinnata is an important medicinal plant in Nigeria with numerous pharmacological activities. The present study investigates the antioxidant activity of alkaloid and flavonoid fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the plant were conducted followed by evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolline)-6-sulfonic acid, phosphomolybdenum, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition assays. The proximate composition of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves confirmed its edibility particularly in respect of moisture (86.73%) and carbohydrate (7.05%) content. The results revealed the presence of phenol (12.50 mg TAE/g), flavonoid (18.10 mg QE/g), flavanol (17.70 mg CE/g), alkaloid (26.98 mg/g), tannin (4.03 mg/g) and saponin (3.69 mg/g). Antioxidant assays indicated that both fractions exhibited antioxidant activity that is comparable to ascorbic acid and rutin with nitric oxide having the highest scavenging potential of 98.97% inhibition. GC-MS analysis of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions revealed the presence of 18 and 22 compounds respectively. The antioxidant activity of Kalanchoe pinnata may be attributed to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and oleic acid detected in the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions respectively. Overall, the data generated form this study portrayed Kalanchoe pinnata as a potential antioxidant agent.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Taofik Olatunde Uthman

Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Rabiat Yetunde Salman

Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Ismail Abubakar Lamorde

Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

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Taofik Olatunde Uthman, Rabiat Yetunde Salman, Ismail Abubakar Lamorde. (2023). Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves. Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, 9(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

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ACS Style

Taofik Olatunde Uthman; Rabiat Yetunde Salman; Ismail Abubakar Lamorde. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves. J. Drug Des. Med. Chem. 2023, 9(1), 7-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

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AMA Style

Taofik Olatunde Uthman, Rabiat Yetunde Salman, Ismail Abubakar Lamorde. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves. J Drug Des Med Chem. 2023;9(1):7-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12,
  author = {Taofik Olatunde Uthman and Rabiat Yetunde Salman and Ismail Abubakar Lamorde},
  title = {Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves},
  journal = {Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jddmc.20230901.12},
  abstract = {Kalanchoe pinnata is an important medicinal plant in Nigeria with numerous pharmacological activities. The present study investigates the antioxidant activity of alkaloid and flavonoid fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the plant were conducted followed by evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolline)-6-sulfonic acid, phosphomolybdenum, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition assays. The proximate composition of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves confirmed its edibility particularly in respect of moisture (86.73%) and carbohydrate (7.05%) content. The results revealed the presence of phenol (12.50 mg TAE/g), flavonoid (18.10 mg QE/g), flavanol (17.70 mg CE/g), alkaloid (26.98 mg/g), tannin (4.03 mg/g) and saponin (3.69 mg/g). Antioxidant assays indicated that both fractions exhibited antioxidant activity that is comparable to ascorbic acid and rutin with nitric oxide having the highest scavenging potential of 98.97% inhibition. GC-MS analysis of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions revealed the presence of 18 and 22 compounds respectively. The antioxidant activity of Kalanchoe pinnata may be attributed to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and oleic acid detected in the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions respectively. Overall, the data generated form this study portrayed Kalanchoe pinnata as a potential antioxidant agent.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alkaloid and Flavonoid Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves
AU  - Taofik Olatunde Uthman
AU  - Rabiat Yetunde Salman
AU  - Ismail Abubakar Lamorde
Y1  - 2023/06/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
T2  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JO  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3576
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20230901.12
AB  - Kalanchoe pinnata is an important medicinal plant in Nigeria with numerous pharmacological activities. The present study investigates the antioxidant activity of alkaloid and flavonoid fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the plant were conducted followed by evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolline)-6-sulfonic acid, phosphomolybdenum, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition assays. The proximate composition of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves confirmed its edibility particularly in respect of moisture (86.73%) and carbohydrate (7.05%) content. The results revealed the presence of phenol (12.50 mg TAE/g), flavonoid (18.10 mg QE/g), flavanol (17.70 mg CE/g), alkaloid (26.98 mg/g), tannin (4.03 mg/g) and saponin (3.69 mg/g). Antioxidant assays indicated that both fractions exhibited antioxidant activity that is comparable to ascorbic acid and rutin with nitric oxide having the highest scavenging potential of 98.97% inhibition. GC-MS analysis of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions revealed the presence of 18 and 22 compounds respectively. The antioxidant activity of Kalanchoe pinnata may be attributed to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and oleic acid detected in the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions respectively. Overall, the data generated form this study portrayed Kalanchoe pinnata as a potential antioxidant agent.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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