| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Received: 26 June 2016    Accepted: 8 July 2016    Published: 18 February 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: 20.5% of Saudis between 20 and 79 years are diabetics. Diabetic foot is a chronic complication of diabetes. The incidence of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations is at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than non-diabetics. Patient education is important to reduce lower extremity complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of the diabetic patients regarding foot care and diabetic foot complications. Methods: In Makkah hospitals, 350 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this cross sectional study. Interviewing questionnaire and patients’ charts review were used to collect the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 53.0083±13.1 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 11.24±8.7 years. 35.1% had history of foot ulcer while 25.7% had ulcer on the time of interview. 11.7 % had history of amputation and 83.1% had numbness. 77.1 % examine their feet while 49.1% received foot care education and 34% read handouts on foot care. 34% walk around in bare feet. There is a significant statistical association between foot education, practices and diabetic foot ulcer (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Patient knowledge and practices regarding diabetic foot care is significantly associated with the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer.

Published in Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14
Page(s) 17-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Knowledge, Practice, Diabetes, Foot Care

References
[1] Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H: Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.
[2] Unwin N, Whiting D, Guariguata L, Ghyoot G, Gan D, editors. Diabetes Atlas. 5th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2011.
[3] International Federation of Diabetes Middle East and North Africa (2014): Available at http: //www.idf.org/membership/mena/saudi-arabia. Accessed March 20, 2015.
[4] American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 1033-46.
[5] Al-Wahbi AM. The diabetic foot in the Arab World. Saudi Medical Journal. 2006; 27 (2): 147–53
[6] Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). The Lancet 1998; 352: 837-53.
[7] Dang CN, Boulton AJ. Changing perspectives in diabetic foot ulcer management. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2003; 2: 4 12.
[8] The diabetic foot. Position statement. International Diabetes Federation [Internet]. Available from: http: //www. idf.org/position statement diabetic foot. [Last cited on 2014 May 2].
[9] Chandalia HB, Singh D, Kapoor V, Chandalia SH, Lamba PS. Footwear and foot care knowledge as risk factors for foot problems in Indian diabetics. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2008; 28:109 13.
[10] Chellan G, Srikumar S, Varma AK, Mangalanandan TS, Sundaram KR, Jayakumar RV, et al. Foot care practice-the key to prevent diabetic foot ulcers in India. Foot (Edinb) 2012; 22: 298-302.
[11] Calle Pascual AL, Durán A, Benedı A, Calvo MI, Charro A, Diaz JA, et al. A preventative foot care programme for people with diabetes with different stages of neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002; 57: 111 7.
[12] Viswanathan V, Madhavan S, Rajasekar S, Chamukuttan S, Ambady R. Amputation prevention initiative in South India: Positive impact of foot care education. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1019-21.
[13] Mehrotra R, Bajaj S, Kumar D: Influence of education and occupation on knowledge about diabetes control. Natl Med J India 2000, 13: 293-296.
[14] Nicolucci A, Ciccarone E, Consoli A, Martino GD, Penna GL, Lattore A, et al.: Relationship between patient practice-oriented knowledge and metabolic control in intensively related type 1 diabetic patients: results of the validation of the knowledge and practices diabetes questionnaire. Diab Nutr Metab 2000, 13: 276-283.
[15] Diabetes care program Nova Scotia Annual Report 2009. Available at Website: www.diabetescareprogram.ns.ca. Accessed December 2014.
[16] Ali S. Al-asmary, Osama A. Mostafa, and Yahia M. Al-khaldi. Diabetic Patients' Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prevention of Diabetic Foot. Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 81, No. 2, March: 197-205, 2013.
[17] Al-maskari F. and EL-SADIG M.: Prevalence of risk factors for diabetic foot complications. BMC Family Practice, 8: 59, 2007.
[18] Boulton AJM: The diabetic foot: Grand overview, epidemiology and pathogenesis. Diabetes. Metab. Res. Rev., 24 (Suppl 1): S3-S6, 2008.
[19] Kaur K, Singh MM, Kumar, Walia I. Knowledge and self-care practices of diabetics in a resettlement colony of Chandigarh. Indian J Med Sci. 1998; 52: 341–7.
[20] Jayaprakash P, Bhansali S, Bhansali A, Dutta P, Anantharaman R. Magnitude of foot problems in diabetes in the developing world: A study of 1044 patients. Diabet Med. 2009; 26: 939–42.
[21] Seema Hasnain, Naheed Humayun Sheikh (Department of Community Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore: Knowledge and practices regarding foot care in diabetic patients visiting diabetic clinic in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2009; 59 (10):687-90.
[22] Hanu George, Rakesh PS, Manjunath Krishna, Reginald Alex, Vinod Joseph Abraham, Kuryan George, and Jasmin H. Prasad. Foot care knowledge and practices and the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among people with diabetes attending a secondary care rural hospital in southern India). J Family Med Prim Care. 2013 Jan-Mar; 2 (1): 27–32.
[23] Nafisa CV, Ferreira AM, Kulkarni MS, Friedrik V, Pinto NR. Prevalence of diabetic complications in rural Goa, India. Indian J Community Med. 2011; 36: 283–6.
[24] Jia WP, Shen Q, Bao YQ, Lu JX, Li M, Xiang KS. Evaluation of the four simple methods in the diagnosis of diabeticperipheral neuropathy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 86: 2707–10.
[25] De Beradis G, Pellegrini F, Fanciosi M, Belfiglo M, Di Nardo B, Greenfield S, et al. Are Type 2 diabetic patients offered adequate foot care? The role of physician and patient characteristics. J Diabetes Complications 2005; 19: 319-27.
[26] Al-mahroos F and Al-roomi K: Diabetic neuropathy, foot ulceration, peripheral vascular disease and potential risk factors among patients with diabetes in Bahrain: A nationwide primary care diabetes clinic-based study. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2007; 27(1): 25-31.
[27] Karter, Stevens MR, Brown AF, Duru OK, Gregg EW, Gary, Beckles GL, Tseng CW, Marrero DG, Waitzfelder B, Herman WH, Piette JD, Safford and Ettner SL: Educational disparities in health behaviors among patients with diabetes: The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study. BMC Public Health. 2007; 7: 308.
[28] Shah VN, Kamdar PK and Shah N: Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of type 2 diabetes among patients of Saurashtra region, Gujarat. Int. J. Diabetes. Dev. Ctries. 2009; 29 (3): 118-122.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Reda Goweda, Mokhtar Shatla, Arwa Alzaidi, Arij Alzaidi, Bashaer Aldhawani, et al. (2017). Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 3(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Reda Goweda; Mokhtar Shatla; Arwa Alzaidi; Arij Alzaidi; Bashaer Aldhawani, et al. Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2017, 3(1), 17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Reda Goweda, Mokhtar Shatla, Arwa Alzaidi, Arij Alzaidi, Bashaer Aldhawani, et al. Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. J Fam Med Health Care. 2017;3(1):17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14,
      author = {Reda Goweda and Mokhtar Shatla and Arwa Alzaidi and Arij Alzaidi and Bashaer Aldhawani and Hibah Alharbi and Noran Sultan and Daniah Alnemari and Badr Rawa},
      title = {Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia},
      journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {17-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20170301.14},
      abstract = {Background: 20.5% of Saudis between 20 and 79 years are diabetics. Diabetic foot is a chronic complication of diabetes. The incidence of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations is at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than non-diabetics. Patient education is important to reduce lower extremity complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of the diabetic patients regarding foot care and diabetic foot complications. Methods: In Makkah hospitals, 350 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this cross sectional study. Interviewing questionnaire and patients’ charts review were used to collect the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 53.0083±13.1 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 11.24±8.7 years. 35.1% had history of foot ulcer while 25.7% had ulcer on the time of interview. 11.7 % had history of amputation and 83.1% had numbness. 77.1 % examine their feet while 49.1% received foot care education and 34% read handouts on foot care. 34% walk around in bare feet. There is a significant statistical association between foot education, practices and diabetic foot ulcer (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Patient knowledge and practices regarding diabetic foot care is significantly associated with the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
    AU  - Reda Goweda
    AU  - Mokhtar Shatla
    AU  - Arwa Alzaidi
    AU  - Arij Alzaidi
    AU  - Bashaer Aldhawani
    AU  - Hibah Alharbi
    AU  - Noran Sultan
    AU  - Daniah Alnemari
    AU  - Badr Rawa
    Y1  - 2017/02/18
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14
    T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    SP  - 17
    EP  - 22
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8342
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20170301.14
    AB  - Background: 20.5% of Saudis between 20 and 79 years are diabetics. Diabetic foot is a chronic complication of diabetes. The incidence of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations is at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than non-diabetics. Patient education is important to reduce lower extremity complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of the diabetic patients regarding foot care and diabetic foot complications. Methods: In Makkah hospitals, 350 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this cross sectional study. Interviewing questionnaire and patients’ charts review were used to collect the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 53.0083±13.1 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 11.24±8.7 years. 35.1% had history of foot ulcer while 25.7% had ulcer on the time of interview. 11.7 % had history of amputation and 83.1% had numbness. 77.1 % examine their feet while 49.1% received foot care education and 34% read handouts on foot care. 34% walk around in bare feet. There is a significant statistical association between foot education, practices and diabetic foot ulcer (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Patient knowledge and practices regarding diabetic foot care is significantly associated with the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

  • Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt

  • Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sinai National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Sections