Protein-energy malnutrition is continually on the increase among children in developing countries due to low nutrient density of traditional complementary diets. The current cost of commercially prepared complementary food in Nigeria have price out most caregivers resulting in increase formulation of complementary food from local food staples. This study investigated the nutrient and biochemical properties of animal fed infant diets formulated from local food materials, unripe banana and edible crab. The food materials were obtained locally, processed and dried. The processed samples were formulated as unfortified unripe banana, 10% crab meat fortified unripe banana (UBCM1), 15% crab meat fortified unripe banana (UBCM2) and 10% cray fish fortified unripe banana (UBCF). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of Control (1.81) was higher than those of UBCM1 (1.17), UBCM2 (1.20) and UBCF (1.31). The weight gain/day of the formulated diets were lower than that of Cerelac (2.19g) and significantly difference (P<0.05) to the control. The serum total protein of the control group was higher than those on the experimental diets. The serum albumin level of all the samples were within the normal range, 3.5-5.0mg/dL. Serum cholesterol level of UBCM1 (54.14mg/dL) and UBCM2 (62.44mg/dL) were higher than the unfortifed banana group but almost equal that of cerelac. The hematological properties (PCV and hemoglobin) of the Crab meat fortified diets were higher than those of unfortified, but lower than those of control. In conclusion, we established that the crab meat fortified banana diets supported growth and development of weanling rats and it’s a suitable replacement for commercial complementary foods.
| Published in | Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12 |
| Page(s) | 70-75 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Protein Quality, Complementary Food, Food Fortification, Banana Porridge, Infant and Young Child Feeding
| [1] | Adepoju OT and Etukumoh AU (2014). Nutrient Composition and suitability of four commonly used local complementary foods in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Afri J of Food, Agriculture Nutrition and Development 14 (7). |
| [2] | AOAC (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of Analysis AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD. USA. |
| [3] | Aurora A and Sharma M. P (1990). Use of banana in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Lancet, 335, 612-612. |
| [4] | Aurore G. Fahrasmane A and Sharma M. P (2008) Bananas, raw materials for making processed food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology, doi: 10: 1016. |
| [5] | Barimala I. S (2008) Processing and utilization of Bambara groundnut (vigna subterranean) PhD Thesis, Rivers State University of Science and Tech, Port Harcourt, Nigeria 216. |
| [6] | Bassey, F. I., M. I. Dosunmu, C. A. Edem, and I. O. Ekpenyong. 2009. Evaluation of the nutritional quality of a novel weaning food processed from cooking banana and supplemented with legumes: invitro protein digestibility and amino acid profile. Int. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 4: 51–57. |
| [7] | Bassey, M. A and Ezeagu, I. E (2021) Nutrient quality and sensory properties of unripe banana based complimentary food fortified with crab meats in Nigeria. Scirj, Vol IX, issue 1, Jan Ed, Pg 16-21. |
| [8] | Dewey K. G, Beaton G, Fjeld C et al. (1996) Protein requirements of infants and children. Proceedings of a 1994 I/D/E/C/G Workshop. Eur J. ClinNutr 1996. 50 Suppl 1; 5119-47. |
| [9] | Drewett R, Amatayakul K, Wonhsawasdii L et al (1993). Nursing frequency and the energy intake frombreast milk and supplementary food in a rural thai population: a longitudinal study. Eur J ClinNutr. 47: 880-91. |
| [10] | Dosunmu, M. I., and F. I. Bassey. 2003. A comparative study of the starch pasting properties of unprocessed and processed cassava (Manihotesculenta), plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and banana (Musa) flours. Global J. Pure Appl. Sci. 9: 517–522. |
| [11] | Duncan G J, Brooks-Gunn J, Klebanor P. K (1994) Economic deprivation and early childhood development. Child Dev 65: 296-318. |
| [12] | Elegbede I O, Fashina – Bombata HA (2013). Proximate and Mineral Composition of Common Crab Species (CallinetesPallidas and CardisomaArmaitum) of Badagry Creek, Nigeria. Poult Fish WildlSci 2: 110-116. |
| [13] | Elsa R. J, Ceasar GV (2000). Complementary Feeding J. Pediatr, 76: 253. |
| [14] | Eka B. E., Abeey W. B and Akaninwor J. O (2010) Nutritive evaluation of some traditional weaning foods from AkwaIbom State. Nigeria Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 25 (1): 65 – 72. |
| [15] | Ezeagu, I E (2005). Baobab (Adasoniadigitata L) seed protein utilization in young albino rats. Biochemical ingredients and rat performance characteristics. Animal Research International, 2 (1): 240-245. |
| [16] | FAO. 1964. Protein: at the heart of the world food problem. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. |
| [17] | Goode G. K., Miller J. P and Heagety A. M (1995) Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and coronary heart disease. The Lancet 345: 362-364. |
| [18] | Gowen, S. 1995. The nutritional value of bananas. Pp. 314–325 in S. Gowen, ed. Bananas and plantains. Chapman and Hall, London. |
| [19] | Ijarotimi OS and Olopade AJ. (2009). Determination of Amino Acid content and protein quality of Complementary food produced from locally available food materials in Ondo State, Nigeria, Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 15 (1): 87-95. |
| [20] | Kathirvel, Eswar A, Manikandarajan T, Ramamoorthy K, Sankar G. (2014). Proximate composition, amino acid, Fatty acid and Mineral analysis of box crab, CalappaLophus from parangipettai, Southeast Coast of India. J. envir. Sc, Toxicology & Food Tech 8: 50-57. |
| [21] | Leelamma S, Menon P. V. G and kurup P. A (1978). Nature and quality of dietary protein and metabolism of lipids in rats fed normal and artherogenic diet. Indian J. Exp Biol. 16: 29-23. |
| [22] | Lamb G M. Manual of veterinary Laboratory Technique in Kenya. Kenya: Ciba-Geigy 1981. p. 96-102. |
| [23] | Menezes, E. W., Tadini, C. C., Tribess, T. B., Zuleta, A., Binaghi J (2011). Chemical Composition and nutritional value of unripe banana flour (Musa acuminate). Plant Foods Human Nutr 66: 23i. |
| [24] | Michaelsen K F, Jorgensen M H. (1995) Dietary fat content and energy density during infancy and childhood: the effect on energy intake and growth. Eur J. Clin. Nutr. 49: 467-83. |
| [25] | Moore S. &. Stein W. H. (1963). Chromatographic amino acids determination by the use of automatic recording equipment. Methods Enzymol 6: 819-831. |
| [26] | Moronkola B. A, Olowu R. A, Tovide O. O and Ayejuyo O. O (2011) Determination Of Proximate And Mineral Contents Of Crab (Callinectesamnicola) living on the shore Of Ojo River, Lagos, Nigeria. Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: (1) 1-16. |
| [27] | National Population Commission (NPopC)/ICF International (2014). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nigeria and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPopC and ICF International. |
| [28] | Nurray M and Ozkan O (2007) Proximate composition and Mineral content in Aqua cultural Sea Bass Dicentrachuslabrax, Sea Bream (sparusaurata Analyzed by ICP. MS Food Chem, 102, 721-725. |
| [29] | Nwamarah J. U. and Amadi V. O. (2009). Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Complementary Food for infants using locally made Nigeria staples. Nigeria J. of Nutritional Sc. Vol. 30 (1) 112-114. |
| [30] | Oyekanmi A (2004) Outline of Food Analysis, 1st Ed, Macmillan London. Pp 14-72. |
| [31] | Palou E., Lopez-malo A., Barbosa-canovas G. V., Weltichanes J and Swanson B. G (1999) Polyphenolooxidase activity and color of blanched and high hydrostatic pressure treated banana puree. J. Food Sc, 64 (1), 42-45. |
| [32] | Pollitt E.(1994) Poverty and Child development: relevant of research in developing countries to theUnited States. Child Dev 65: 283-95. |
| [33] | United Nation Children’s Fund, Improving Child Nutrition. The achievable imperative for global progress. New York, USA: United Nation Children Fun, 2013. |
| [34] | Williams I O, Ekpeyong E, Lawal O, Essien NC, Edemumoh t. O. (2016). Nutrient and energy composition of flesh, Limbs and carapace of Callinetesamnicola from Great kwa river, South East Nigeria. Africa J. Food Sc. & tech 7 (3); 60-65. |
| [35] | World Health Organization. The World Health Organization’s infant-feeding recommendation. Bull world Health Org 1995; 73: 165-74. |
| [36] | World Health Organization (2005). Complementary Feeding of Young Children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge, WHO Geneva, Switzerland, 1-245. |
| [37] | World Health organization, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. Complementary feeding. Family foods for breast fed children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. |
APA Style
Matthew Alfred Bassey, Ikechukwu Edwin Ezeagu, Blessing Chineye Ubani. (2023). Protein Quality and Biochemical Evaluation of Unripe Banana Based Complementary Food Fortified with Crab Meat in Rats. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 11(3), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12
ACS Style
Matthew Alfred Bassey; Ikechukwu Edwin Ezeagu; Blessing Chineye Ubani. Protein Quality and Biochemical Evaluation of Unripe Banana Based Complementary Food Fortified with Crab Meat in Rats. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2023, 11(3), 70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12
AMA Style
Matthew Alfred Bassey, Ikechukwu Edwin Ezeagu, Blessing Chineye Ubani. Protein Quality and Biochemical Evaluation of Unripe Banana Based Complementary Food Fortified with Crab Meat in Rats. J Food Nutr Sci. 2023;11(3):70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12,
author = {Matthew Alfred Bassey and Ikechukwu Edwin Ezeagu and Blessing Chineye Ubani},
title = {Protein Quality and Biochemical Evaluation of Unripe Banana Based Complementary Food Fortified with Crab Meat in Rats},
journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {70-75},
doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20231103.12},
abstract = {Protein-energy malnutrition is continually on the increase among children in developing countries due to low nutrient density of traditional complementary diets. The current cost of commercially prepared complementary food in Nigeria have price out most caregivers resulting in increase formulation of complementary food from local food staples. This study investigated the nutrient and biochemical properties of animal fed infant diets formulated from local food materials, unripe banana and edible crab. The food materials were obtained locally, processed and dried. The processed samples were formulated as unfortified unripe banana, 10% crab meat fortified unripe banana (UBCM1), 15% crab meat fortified unripe banana (UBCM2) and 10% cray fish fortified unripe banana (UBCF). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of Control (1.81) was higher than those of UBCM1 (1.17), UBCM2 (1.20) and UBCF (1.31). The weight gain/day of the formulated diets were lower than that of Cerelac (2.19g) and significantly difference (P<0.05) to the control. The serum total protein of the control group was higher than those on the experimental diets. The serum albumin level of all the samples were within the normal range, 3.5-5.0mg/dL. Serum cholesterol level of UBCM1 (54.14mg/dL) and UBCM2 (62.44mg/dL) were higher than the unfortifed banana group but almost equal that of cerelac. The hematological properties (PCV and hemoglobin) of the Crab meat fortified diets were higher than those of unfortified, but lower than those of control. In conclusion, we established that the crab meat fortified banana diets supported growth and development of weanling rats and it’s a suitable replacement for commercial complementary foods.},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Protein Quality and Biochemical Evaluation of Unripe Banana Based Complementary Food Fortified with Crab Meat in Rats AU - Matthew Alfred Bassey AU - Ikechukwu Edwin Ezeagu AU - Blessing Chineye Ubani Y1 - 2023/06/09 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12 DO - 10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12 T2 - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences JF - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences JO - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences SP - 70 EP - 75 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-7293 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20231103.12 AB - Protein-energy malnutrition is continually on the increase among children in developing countries due to low nutrient density of traditional complementary diets. The current cost of commercially prepared complementary food in Nigeria have price out most caregivers resulting in increase formulation of complementary food from local food staples. This study investigated the nutrient and biochemical properties of animal fed infant diets formulated from local food materials, unripe banana and edible crab. The food materials were obtained locally, processed and dried. The processed samples were formulated as unfortified unripe banana, 10% crab meat fortified unripe banana (UBCM1), 15% crab meat fortified unripe banana (UBCM2) and 10% cray fish fortified unripe banana (UBCF). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of Control (1.81) was higher than those of UBCM1 (1.17), UBCM2 (1.20) and UBCF (1.31). The weight gain/day of the formulated diets were lower than that of Cerelac (2.19g) and significantly difference (P<0.05) to the control. The serum total protein of the control group was higher than those on the experimental diets. The serum albumin level of all the samples were within the normal range, 3.5-5.0mg/dL. Serum cholesterol level of UBCM1 (54.14mg/dL) and UBCM2 (62.44mg/dL) were higher than the unfortifed banana group but almost equal that of cerelac. The hematological properties (PCV and hemoglobin) of the Crab meat fortified diets were higher than those of unfortified, but lower than those of control. In conclusion, we established that the crab meat fortified banana diets supported growth and development of weanling rats and it’s a suitable replacement for commercial complementary foods. VL - 11 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: