Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed

Published in Petroleum Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 18 July 2022 Accepted: 19 August 2022 Published: 31 August 2022

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Abstract

The idea of the research is to show the effect of the Oil degrading bacteria of petroleum compounds and their transformation into final products (carbon dioxide and water) and their contribution to the formation of oil emulsions and increasing the water content in crude oil. The aim of the research was to shed light on the problem of increasing the water content in crude oil the permissible limits and the continuation of this increase even when the oil shipments reach to the customer. The research adopted the investigation and diagnosis of the vital causes expected to appear, and through the results of the laboratory examination of crude oil samples taken from oil isolation stations (production) and PS1 depot. The results showed the monitoring of specific types of bacteria that degrading hydrocarbon compounds. Two types of bacteria were identified and isolated (Pseudomonas, Actinomyces) and according to the available environmental conditions variables (moisture, mineral salts, temperature) as catalysts to increase the rate of hydrocarbon consumption by microorganisms. This is known as Biodegradation. The comparison method was adopted for both types of bacteria for the purpose of obtaining the efficiency of consumption (analysis hydrocarbon compounds) by calculating the amount of water produced by these two types of bacteria, while maintaining a control model of crude oil to which Biocide was added. The results of bacterial isolates for both types showed their ability to consume hydrocarbons. The results of the tests showed the absence of any bacterial growth in it and the absence of any increase in the water content, while the results of the tests for most sample showed positive results with oil contamination by both types bacteria. Pseudomonas bacteria gave a higher consumption rate than Actinomyces bacteria, and consequently a more increase in the percentage of water content. In addition to the increase the water content, there are other damages to the specifications of crude oil, represented by a decrease in the density of crude oil (API) due to microbial decomposition. In light of the obtained data, we concluded that the increase in the water content of the oil was the result of the presence of bacteria that degrade the oil, and the evidence for it is that the unpolluted oils did not have any change or increase in the water content.

Published in	Petroleum Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
Page(s)	51-58
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodegradation, API, Water Content, Biocide, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces

References

[1]	Dorota Wolicka and Andrzej Borkowski, Microorganisms and Crude Oil, Introduction to Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes and Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Sites, Edited by Laura Romero-Zerón ISBN: 978-953-51-0629-6. 2012. Poland.
[2]	Michel Mogot, Bernard Ollivier & Bharat K. C Patel. Microbiology of petroleum reservoirs, Kluwer, Academic, 77: 103, 116, 2000, Netherland.
[3]	Friedrich Widdel and Ralf Rabus. Anaerobic biodegradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, © Elsevier Science Ltd.. 12: 259–276, 2001, Germany.
[4]	George V. Chilingarian,, Microbial enhanced oil recovery, © Amsterdam. New York, Elsevier, Amsterdam, vol 22 1996, U.S.A.
[5]	IP Standard Test Methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products, and British Standard Parts. vol 3, 2022, U.K.
[6]	J. B. Davis. Petroleum microbiology, Elsevier Publishing. 2007, New York. USA.
[7]	Jonathan D. van Hamme,, Recent Advances in petroleum Microbiology, American society for microbiology, 2003 U.S.A.
[8]	John A. Veil, Markus G. Puder Markus Elcock Robert J. Redweik, Jr, A White Paper Describing Produced. Water from Production of Crude Oil Natural Gas, and Coal Bed Methane. National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2004, USA.
[9]	Heinz Wilkes, Andrea Vieth. Biodegraded oil reservoirs to show that this concept is applicable to a broad range of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon constituents of petroleum, © AAPG Calgary, Alberta, June 16-19, 2005. Pakastan.
[10]	Wei E. Huang. Rapid characterization of microbial biodegradation. Pathways by FT-IR spectroscopy, Journal of Microbiological Methods 67 (2): 273-80 (2006). U.K.
[11]	Feitkenhauer H, Muller R, Marakl, Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and long chain alkanes at 60-70 C by Thermus and Bacillus spp Biodegradation; 14; 367 -372 doi; 10.1023/A;1027357615649. 15 (1): 77, 2003, USA.
[12]	Widdel, 2001, Anaerobic biodegradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, © Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 259-276. 1 June 2001, UK.
[13]	M. A. Rasheed, D. J. Patil and A. M. Dayal. Microbial Techniques for Hydrocarbon Exploration, DOI: 10.5772/50885, Edited by Vladimir Kutcherov and Anton Kolesnikov 16th, 2011, UK.
[14]	Noah yossef, Mostfa Elshahed and Michael 2009, Advances in applied microbiology © Elsevier Science academic press Burlington: Academic Press, Vol 66 pp. 141-251. ISBN: 978-0-12-374788-4 © Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. Academic Press. 2009, UK.
[15]	Punniyakotti Elumalai, Punniyakotti Parthipan, Bacillus and Geobacillus on crude oil degradation and bio corrosion in oil reservoir environment Author information Article notes copyright and License information Disclaimer, Published online 2019 Feb 12. doi: 10.1007/s13205-019-1604-0, 2019, USA.

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APA Style

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed. (2022). Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 6(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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ACS Style

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed. Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2022, 6(2), 51-58. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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AMA Style

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed. Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment. Pet Sci Eng. 2022;6(2):51-58. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12,
  author = {Abbas Kadhim Ayyed},
  title = {Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment},
  journal = {Petroleum Science and Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {51-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pse.20220602.12},
  abstract = {The idea of the research is to show the effect of the Oil degrading bacteria of petroleum compounds and their transformation into final products (carbon dioxide and water) and their contribution to the formation of oil emulsions and increasing the water content in crude oil. The aim of the research was to shed light on the problem of increasing the water content in crude oil the permissible limits and the continuation of this increase even when the oil shipments reach to the customer. The research adopted the investigation and diagnosis of the vital causes expected to appear, and through the results of the laboratory examination of crude oil samples taken from oil isolation stations (production) and PS1 depot. The results showed the monitoring of specific types of bacteria that degrading hydrocarbon compounds. Two types of bacteria were identified and isolated (Pseudomonas, Actinomyces) and according to the available environmental conditions variables (moisture, mineral salts, temperature) as catalysts to increase the rate of hydrocarbon consumption by microorganisms. This is known as Biodegradation. The comparison method was adopted for both types of bacteria for the purpose of obtaining the efficiency of consumption (analysis hydrocarbon compounds) by calculating the amount of water produced by these two types of bacteria, while maintaining a control model of crude oil to which Biocide was added. The results of bacterial isolates for both types showed their ability to consume hydrocarbons. The results of the tests showed the absence of any bacterial growth in it and the absence of any increase in the water content, while the results of the tests for most sample showed positive results with oil contamination by both types bacteria. Pseudomonas bacteria gave a higher consumption rate than Actinomyces bacteria, and consequently a more increase in the percentage of water content. In addition to the increase the water content, there are other damages to the specifications of crude oil, represented by a decrease in the density of crude oil (API) due to microbial decomposition. In light of the obtained data, we concluded that the increase in the water content of the oil was the result of the presence of bacteria that degrade the oil, and the evidence for it is that the unpolluted oils did not have any change or increase in the water content.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment
AU  - Abbas Kadhim Ayyed
Y1  - 2022/08/31
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
T2  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JF  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JO  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
SP  - 51
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4516
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
AB  - The idea of the research is to show the effect of the Oil degrading bacteria of petroleum compounds and their transformation into final products (carbon dioxide and water) and their contribution to the formation of oil emulsions and increasing the water content in crude oil. The aim of the research was to shed light on the problem of increasing the water content in crude oil the permissible limits and the continuation of this increase even when the oil shipments reach to the customer. The research adopted the investigation and diagnosis of the vital causes expected to appear, and through the results of the laboratory examination of crude oil samples taken from oil isolation stations (production) and PS1 depot. The results showed the monitoring of specific types of bacteria that degrading hydrocarbon compounds. Two types of bacteria were identified and isolated (Pseudomonas, Actinomyces) and according to the available environmental conditions variables (moisture, mineral salts, temperature) as catalysts to increase the rate of hydrocarbon consumption by microorganisms. This is known as Biodegradation. The comparison method was adopted for both types of bacteria for the purpose of obtaining the efficiency of consumption (analysis hydrocarbon compounds) by calculating the amount of water produced by these two types of bacteria, while maintaining a control model of crude oil to which Biocide was added. The results of bacterial isolates for both types showed their ability to consume hydrocarbons. The results of the tests showed the absence of any bacterial growth in it and the absence of any increase in the water content, while the results of the tests for most sample showed positive results with oil contamination by both types bacteria. Pseudomonas bacteria gave a higher consumption rate than Actinomyces bacteria, and consequently a more increase in the percentage of water content. In addition to the increase the water content, there are other damages to the specifications of crude oil, represented by a decrease in the density of crude oil (API) due to microbial decomposition. In light of the obtained data, we concluded that the increase in the water content of the oil was the result of the presence of bacteria that degrade the oil, and the evidence for it is that the unpolluted oils did not have any change or increase in the water content.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed

Basra Oil Company, Basra, Iraq

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APA Style

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed. (2022). Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 6(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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ACS Style

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed. Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2022, 6(2), 51-58. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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AMA Style

Abbas Kadhim Ayyed. Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment. Pet Sci Eng. 2022;6(2):51-58. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12,
  author = {Abbas Kadhim Ayyed},
  title = {Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment},
  journal = {Petroleum Science and Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {51-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pse.20220602.12},
  abstract = {The idea of the research is to show the effect of the Oil degrading bacteria of petroleum compounds and their transformation into final products (carbon dioxide and water) and their contribution to the formation of oil emulsions and increasing the water content in crude oil. The aim of the research was to shed light on the problem of increasing the water content in crude oil the permissible limits and the continuation of this increase even when the oil shipments reach to the customer. The research adopted the investigation and diagnosis of the vital causes expected to appear, and through the results of the laboratory examination of crude oil samples taken from oil isolation stations (production) and PS1 depot. The results showed the monitoring of specific types of bacteria that degrading hydrocarbon compounds. Two types of bacteria were identified and isolated (Pseudomonas, Actinomyces) and according to the available environmental conditions variables (moisture, mineral salts, temperature) as catalysts to increase the rate of hydrocarbon consumption by microorganisms. This is known as Biodegradation. The comparison method was adopted for both types of bacteria for the purpose of obtaining the efficiency of consumption (analysis hydrocarbon compounds) by calculating the amount of water produced by these two types of bacteria, while maintaining a control model of crude oil to which Biocide was added. The results of bacterial isolates for both types showed their ability to consume hydrocarbons. The results of the tests showed the absence of any bacterial growth in it and the absence of any increase in the water content, while the results of the tests for most sample showed positive results with oil contamination by both types bacteria. Pseudomonas bacteria gave a higher consumption rate than Actinomyces bacteria, and consequently a more increase in the percentage of water content. In addition to the increase the water content, there are other damages to the specifications of crude oil, represented by a decrease in the density of crude oil (API) due to microbial decomposition. In light of the obtained data, we concluded that the increase in the water content of the oil was the result of the presence of bacteria that degrade the oil, and the evidence for it is that the unpolluted oils did not have any change or increase in the water content.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monitoring the Water Content in Crude Oil and Determining Its Causes and Methods of Treatment
AU  - Abbas Kadhim Ayyed
Y1  - 2022/08/31
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
T2  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JF  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JO  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
SP  - 51
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4516
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20220602.12
AB  - The idea of the research is to show the effect of the Oil degrading bacteria of petroleum compounds and their transformation into final products (carbon dioxide and water) and their contribution to the formation of oil emulsions and increasing the water content in crude oil. The aim of the research was to shed light on the problem of increasing the water content in crude oil the permissible limits and the continuation of this increase even when the oil shipments reach to the customer. The research adopted the investigation and diagnosis of the vital causes expected to appear, and through the results of the laboratory examination of crude oil samples taken from oil isolation stations (production) and PS1 depot. The results showed the monitoring of specific types of bacteria that degrading hydrocarbon compounds. Two types of bacteria were identified and isolated (Pseudomonas, Actinomyces) and according to the available environmental conditions variables (moisture, mineral salts, temperature) as catalysts to increase the rate of hydrocarbon consumption by microorganisms. This is known as Biodegradation. The comparison method was adopted for both types of bacteria for the purpose of obtaining the efficiency of consumption (analysis hydrocarbon compounds) by calculating the amount of water produced by these two types of bacteria, while maintaining a control model of crude oil to which Biocide was added. The results of bacterial isolates for both types showed their ability to consume hydrocarbons. The results of the tests showed the absence of any bacterial growth in it and the absence of any increase in the water content, while the results of the tests for most sample showed positive results with oil contamination by both types bacteria. Pseudomonas bacteria gave a higher consumption rate than Actinomyces bacteria, and consequently a more increase in the percentage of water content. In addition to the increase the water content, there are other damages to the specifications of crude oil, represented by a decrease in the density of crude oil (API) due to microbial decomposition. In light of the obtained data, we concluded that the increase in the water content of the oil was the result of the presence of bacteria that degrade the oil, and the evidence for it is that the unpolluted oils did not have any change or increase in the water content.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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