Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples

Biniyam Nigussie; Mengistu Balcha; Awoke Berihun

doi:doi:10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

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Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples

Biniyam Nigussie, Mengistu Balcha, Awoke Berihun

Published in Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 14 July 2022 Accepted: 10 August 2022 Published: 17 August 2022

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Abstract

These days, more people are becoming aware of the use of radiation to reduce the quantity of aflatoxin in food products. Aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, has been related to human illnesses like hepatitis B and tuberculosis by compromising the immune system. Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products has significant negative economic effects. Aflatoxin is a very serious issue for food insecurity in developing countries because of climate elements, farming methods, and storage conditions that promote fungal development and toxin generation. This study used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and identify different chemical compounds. Randomly chosen peanut samples from the Ethiopian Conformity Assessment store were placed in plastic bags and prepared for testing and analysis. For peanut samples, radiation dosages of 4, 6, and 8 kGy were used. Gamma-cell 220 research irradiator (GC-220) from MDS Nordion, a Co-60 gamma irradiator, was utilized by the National Institute for the Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis to irradiate the samples at a dose rate of 1.5 kGy/h. The samples were inspected after irradiation, and encouraging results were discovered. For 4, 6, and 8 kGy, respectively, it was found that there had been reductions in aflatoxin of 7.6%, 17.3%, and 23.25 percent. The results of this study make it abundantly clear that one strategy for addressing the problem of global food insecurity is irradiation technology, which should be promoted by stakeholders, policymakers, food storage facility providers, food packaging companies, food preservation facility providers, warehouse providers, and food item exporters.

Published in	Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13
Page(s)	47-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aflatoxin, Contamination, Irradiation Treatment, Radiation Dose, Peanut, Food Preservation

References

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[2]	African Union. (2018). First Progress Report of the Chairperson of the Commission on Food Safety, Meeting of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee Addis Ababa, 15 May, Ethiopia.
[3]	Qumer, I., et al. (2012). Mold and Aflatoxin Reduction by Gamma Radiation of Packed Hot Peppers and Their Evolution during Storage, Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 75, No. 8, 1528–1531.
[4]	Ephrem Guchi. (2015). Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Caused by Aspergillus Species in Ethiopia, Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 11-19.
[5]	Aziz, N. H., and Moussa, L. A. (2004). Reduction of Fungi and Mycotoxin Formation in Seeds by Gamma-Radiation, J. Food Saf. 24: 109–127.
[6]	Alemayehu Toma, et al. (2019). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Farmers’ towards Aflatoxin in Cereal Crops in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, EC Nutrition, 14. 3, 247-254.
[7]	Kerstin, H. and Charity, M. (2011). Aflatoxin Control and Prevention Strategies in Key Crops of Sub-Saharan Africa, African Journal of Microbiology Research, Vol. 5 (5), 459-466.
[8]	Iqbal, Q., et al. (2011). Assessment of Hot Peppers for Aflatoxin and Mold Proliferation during Storage, J. Food Prot. 74: 830–835.
[9]	Lee, J. H., Sung, T. H., Lee, K. T. and Kim, M. R. (2004). Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Color, Pungency, and Volatiles of Korean Red Pepper Powder, J. Food Sci. 69: C585–C592.
[10]	Rico, C. W., et al. (2010). The comparative Effect of Steaming and Irradiation on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Dried Red Pepper (Capsicum annum L.), Food Chem. 119: 1012–1016.
[11]	Kabak, B., Dobson, A. D. W., Var, I. (2006). Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 46, 593-619.
[12]	Bata, A. and Lasztity, R. (1999). Detoxification of Mycotoxin Contaminated Food and Feed by Microorganisms, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 10, 223-228.
[13]	Riley, R. T. and Norred, W. P. (1999). Mycotoxin Prevention and Decontamination- A Case Study on Maize, Food, Nutr. Agric., 23, 25-30, FAO publication.
[14]	Birhanu Fikade. (2018). Institute Finds High-Level of Aflatoxins Perilous to Health, Economy, the Reporter, 25 August 2018.
[15]	Tesfaye Getnet. (2018). Ethiopia to Use Aflasafe Technology to Reduce Aflatoxin in Red Pepper, Capital, July 16, Ethiopia: https://www.capitalethiopia.com/capital/ethiopia-use-aflasafe-technology-reduce-aflatoxin-red-pepper/.
[16]	Don, P. and Tom, A. V. (2002). Electron Beam Food Research Facility, Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas.
[17]	Richard, J. (2000). Romer Labs Guide to Mycotoxins, vol. 1. Mycotoxins—an Overview. Romer Labs, Inc., Union, MO.
[18]	Alex, P. W., et al. (2014). Methods for Detection of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Food Crops, Journal of Applied Chemistry, Volume 2014, Hindawi Publishing Corporation.
[19]	Aziz, N. H., and S. R. Mahrous. (2004). Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus Flavus and Chemical Composition of Three Crop Seeds, Nahrung 48: 234–238.
[20]	Aziz, N. H., Matta, Z. A. and Mahrous, S. R. (2006). Contamination of Grains by Mycotoxin Producing Molds and Mycotoxins and Control by Gamma Irradiations, J. Food Saf. 26: 184–201.
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APA Style

Biniyam Nigussie, Mengistu Balcha, Awoke Berihun. (2022). Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples. Radiation Science and Technology, 8(3), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

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ACS Style

Biniyam Nigussie; Mengistu Balcha; Awoke Berihun. Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2022, 8(3), 47-50. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

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AMA Style

Biniyam Nigussie, Mengistu Balcha, Awoke Berihun. Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples. Radiat Sci Technol. 2022;8(3):47-50. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

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@article{10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13,
  author = {Biniyam Nigussie and Mengistu Balcha and Awoke Berihun},
  title = {Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples},
  journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20220803.13},
  abstract = {These days, more people are becoming aware of the use of radiation to reduce the quantity of aflatoxin in food products. Aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, has been related to human illnesses like hepatitis B and tuberculosis by compromising the immune system. Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products has significant negative economic effects. Aflatoxin is a very serious issue for food insecurity in developing countries because of climate elements, farming methods, and storage conditions that promote fungal development and toxin generation. This study used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and identify different chemical compounds. Randomly chosen peanut samples from the Ethiopian Conformity Assessment store were placed in plastic bags and prepared for testing and analysis. For peanut samples, radiation dosages of 4, 6, and 8 kGy were used. Gamma-cell 220 research irradiator (GC-220) from MDS Nordion, a Co-60 gamma irradiator, was utilized by the National Institute for the Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis to irradiate the samples at a dose rate of 1.5 kGy/h. The samples were inspected after irradiation, and encouraging results were discovered. For 4, 6, and 8 kGy, respectively, it was found that there had been reductions in aflatoxin of 7.6%, 17.3%, and 23.25 percent. The results of this study make it abundantly clear that one strategy for addressing the problem of global food insecurity is irradiation technology, which should be promoted by stakeholders, policymakers, food storage facility providers, food packaging companies, food preservation facility providers, warehouse providers, and food item exporters.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples
AU - Biniyam Nigussie
AU - Mengistu Balcha
AU - Awoke Berihun
Y1 - 2022/08/17
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13
DO - 10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13
T2 - Radiation Science and Technology
JF - Radiation Science and Technology
JO - Radiation Science and Technology
SP - 47
EP - 50
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5943
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13
AB - These days, more people are becoming aware of the use of radiation to reduce the quantity of aflatoxin in food products. Aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, has been related to human illnesses like hepatitis B and tuberculosis by compromising the immune system. Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products has significant negative economic effects. Aflatoxin is a very serious issue for food insecurity in developing countries because of climate elements, farming methods, and storage conditions that promote fungal development and toxin generation. This study used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and identify different chemical compounds. Randomly chosen peanut samples from the Ethiopian Conformity Assessment store were placed in plastic bags and prepared for testing and analysis. For peanut samples, radiation dosages of 4, 6, and 8 kGy were used. Gamma-cell 220 research irradiator (GC-220) from MDS Nordion, a Co-60 gamma irradiator, was utilized by the National Institute for the Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis to irradiate the samples at a dose rate of 1.5 kGy/h. The samples were inspected after irradiation, and encouraging results were discovered. For 4, 6, and 8 kGy, respectively, it was found that there had been reductions in aflatoxin of 7.6%, 17.3%, and 23.25 percent. The results of this study make it abundantly clear that one strategy for addressing the problem of global food insecurity is irradiation technology, which should be promoted by stakeholders, policymakers, food storage facility providers, food packaging companies, food preservation facility providers, warehouse providers, and food item exporters.
VL - 8
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Biniyam Nigussie

Nanotechnology, Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Mengistu Balcha

Technology Transfer, Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Awoke Berihun

Nanotechnology, Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Biniyam Nigussie, Mengistu Balcha, Awoke Berihun. (2022). Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples. Radiation Science and Technology, 8(3), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

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ACS Style

Biniyam Nigussie; Mengistu Balcha; Awoke Berihun. Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2022, 8(3), 47-50. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

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AMA Style

Biniyam Nigussie, Mengistu Balcha, Awoke Berihun. Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples. Radiat Sci Technol. 2022;8(3):47-50. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13,
  author = {Biniyam Nigussie and Mengistu Balcha and Awoke Berihun},
  title = {Gamma Irradiation for Aflatoxin Decontamination in Peanut Samples},
  journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20220803.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20220803.13},
  abstract = {These days, more people are becoming aware of the use of radiation to reduce the quantity of aflatoxin in food products. Aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, has been related to human illnesses like hepatitis B and tuberculosis by compromising the immune system. Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products has significant negative economic effects. Aflatoxin is a very serious issue for food insecurity in developing countries because of climate elements, farming methods, and storage conditions that promote fungal development and toxin generation. This study used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and identify different chemical compounds. Randomly chosen peanut samples from the Ethiopian Conformity Assessment store were placed in plastic bags and prepared for testing and analysis. For peanut samples, radiation dosages of 4, 6, and 8 kGy were used. Gamma-cell 220 research irradiator (GC-220) from MDS Nordion, a Co-60 gamma irradiator, was utilized by the National Institute for the Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis to irradiate the samples at a dose rate of 1.5 kGy/h. The samples were inspected after irradiation, and encouraging results were discovered. For 4, 6, and 8 kGy, respectively, it was found that there had been reductions in aflatoxin of 7.6%, 17.3%, and 23.25 percent. The results of this study make it abundantly clear that one strategy for addressing the problem of global food insecurity is irradiation technology, which should be promoted by stakeholders, policymakers, food storage facility providers, food packaging companies, food preservation facility providers, warehouse providers, and food item exporters.},
 year = {2022}
}

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