Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon)

Josephine Ndjama; Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo; Gloria Takem Eyong; Eric Belmond Biram Ngon; Alain Fouepe Takounjou; Georges Mafany; Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon)

Josephine Ndjama, Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo, Gloria Takem Eyong, Eric Belmond Biram Ngon, Alain Fouepe Takounjou, Georges Mafany, Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 11 May 2021 Accepted: 9 June 2021 Published: 13 July 2021

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Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly affected by human activities, notably urban sewage and industrial effluent discharges, particularly in rivers. This study assesses heavy metals contamination of sediments of the Mgoua River in Douala, Cameroon. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (FC), the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to assess the contamination risk. The mean concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, U, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cs and Ba in sediments was 12601.08, 111.96, 151.93, 9.47, 65.43, 161.81, 7.55, 2.27, 419.30, 248.30, 49.30, 12.65, 89.50, 39.69, 3017.52, 5.95, 313.26, 39667.32, 0.97 and 243.19 µg/l, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments creased in the following order: U < Cs < Cd < Mo < As < Co < Rb < Y < Ni < Sr < V < Cr < Cu < Ba < Pb < Mn < Zn < Ti < Fe. The Igeo, CF and EF indicate a polymetallic contamination dominated by Cu, Cd and Pb being the most important in all studied sites. The value of SPI varied between 10.95 and 37.84, suggesting that the sediments are moderately to highly polluted, with PLI higher than 1. These indices reveal that the sediments of Mgoua river catchment were polluted with most of the heavy metals. The high concentrations of some of the metals were due to anthropogenic sources particularly the discharge of untreated industrial wastes in to watercourses. This study can therefore be used as a reference to monitor the quality of sediments of the Mgoua river.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
Page(s)	58-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sediment Quality, Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (FC), Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load Index (PLI)

References

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Josephine Ndjama, Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo, Gloria Takem Eyong, Eric Belmond Biram Ngon, Alain Fouepe Takounjou, et al. (2021). Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon). Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 9(3), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Josephine Ndjama; Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo; Gloria Takem Eyong; Eric Belmond Biram Ngon; Alain Fouepe Takounjou, et al. Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon). Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2021, 9(3), 58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Josephine Ndjama, Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo, Gloria Takem Eyong, Eric Belmond Biram Ngon, Alain Fouepe Takounjou, et al. Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon). Sci J Anal Chem. 2021;9(3):58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11,
  author = {Josephine Ndjama and Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo and Gloria Takem Eyong and Eric Belmond Biram Ngon and Alain Fouepe Takounjou and Georges Mafany and Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo},
  title = {Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon)},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {58-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly affected by human activities, notably urban sewage and industrial effluent discharges, particularly in rivers. This study assesses heavy metals contamination of sediments of the Mgoua River in Douala, Cameroon. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (FC), the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to assess the contamination risk. The mean concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, U, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cs and Ba in sediments was 12601.08, 111.96, 151.93, 9.47, 65.43, 161.81, 7.55, 2.27, 419.30, 248.30, 49.30, 12.65, 89.50, 39.69, 3017.52, 5.95, 313.26, 39667.32, 0.97 and 243.19 µg/l, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments creased in the following order: U < Cs < Cd < Mo < As < Co < Rb < Y < Ni < Sr < V < Cr < Cu < Ba < Pb < Mn < Zn < Ti < Fe. The Igeo, CF and EF indicate a polymetallic contamination dominated by Cu, Cd and Pb being the most important in all studied sites. The value of SPI varied between 10.95 and 37.84, suggesting that the sediments are moderately to highly polluted, with PLI higher than 1. These indices reveal that the sediments of Mgoua river catchment were polluted with most of the heavy metals. The high concentrations of some of the metals were due to anthropogenic sources particularly the discharge of untreated industrial wastes in to watercourses. This study can therefore be used as a reference to monitor the quality of sediments of the Mgoua river.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon)
AU  - Josephine Ndjama
AU  - Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo
AU  - Gloria Takem Eyong
AU  - Eric Belmond Biram Ngon
AU  - Alain Fouepe Takounjou
AU  - Georges Mafany
AU  - Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo
Y1  - 2021/07/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 58
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
AB  - Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly affected by human activities, notably urban sewage and industrial effluent discharges, particularly in rivers. This study assesses heavy metals contamination of sediments of the Mgoua River in Douala, Cameroon. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (FC), the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to assess the contamination risk. The mean concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, U, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cs and Ba in sediments was 12601.08, 111.96, 151.93, 9.47, 65.43, 161.81, 7.55, 2.27, 419.30, 248.30, 49.30, 12.65, 89.50, 39.69, 3017.52, 5.95, 313.26, 39667.32, 0.97 and 243.19 µg/l, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments creased in the following order: U < Cs < Cd < Mo < As < Co < Rb < Y < Ni < Sr < V < Cr < Cu < Ba < Pb < Mn < Zn < Ti < Fe. The Igeo, CF and EF indicate a polymetallic contamination dominated by Cu, Cd and Pb being the most important in all studied sites. The value of SPI varied between 10.95 and 37.84, suggesting that the sediments are moderately to highly polluted, with PLI higher than 1. These indices reveal that the sediments of Mgoua river catchment were polluted with most of the heavy metals. The high concentrations of some of the metals were due to anthropogenic sources particularly the discharge of untreated industrial wastes in to watercourses. This study can therefore be used as a reference to monitor the quality of sediments of the Mgoua river.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Josephine Ndjama

Hydrological Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo

Department of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Gloria Takem Eyong

Hydrological Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
Eric Belmond Biram Ngon

Hydrological Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
Alain Fouepe Takounjou

Hydrological Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
Georges Mafany

Hydrological Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo

Laboratory of Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Yaounde, Cameroon

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APA Style

Josephine Ndjama, Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo, Gloria Takem Eyong, Eric Belmond Biram Ngon, Alain Fouepe Takounjou, et al. (2021). Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon). Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 9(3), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Josephine Ndjama; Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo; Gloria Takem Eyong; Eric Belmond Biram Ngon; Alain Fouepe Takounjou, et al. Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon). Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2021, 9(3), 58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Josephine Ndjama, Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo, Gloria Takem Eyong, Eric Belmond Biram Ngon, Alain Fouepe Takounjou, et al. Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon). Sci J Anal Chem. 2021;9(3):58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11,
  author = {Josephine Ndjama and Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo and Gloria Takem Eyong and Eric Belmond Biram Ngon and Alain Fouepe Takounjou and Georges Mafany and Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo},
  title = {Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon)},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {58-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly affected by human activities, notably urban sewage and industrial effluent discharges, particularly in rivers. This study assesses heavy metals contamination of sediments of the Mgoua River in Douala, Cameroon. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (FC), the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to assess the contamination risk. The mean concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, U, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cs and Ba in sediments was 12601.08, 111.96, 151.93, 9.47, 65.43, 161.81, 7.55, 2.27, 419.30, 248.30, 49.30, 12.65, 89.50, 39.69, 3017.52, 5.95, 313.26, 39667.32, 0.97 and 243.19 µg/l, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments creased in the following order: U < Cs < Cd < Mo < As < Co < Rb < Y < Ni < Sr < V < Cr < Cu < Ba < Pb < Mn < Zn < Ti < Fe. The Igeo, CF and EF indicate a polymetallic contamination dominated by Cu, Cd and Pb being the most important in all studied sites. The value of SPI varied between 10.95 and 37.84, suggesting that the sediments are moderately to highly polluted, with PLI higher than 1. These indices reveal that the sediments of Mgoua river catchment were polluted with most of the heavy metals. The high concentrations of some of the metals were due to anthropogenic sources particularly the discharge of untreated industrial wastes in to watercourses. This study can therefore be used as a reference to monitor the quality of sediments of the Mgoua river.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Sediment Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Water of Mgoua Catchment in the Industrial Zone of Douala (Cameroon)
AU  - Josephine Ndjama
AU  - Raoul Gustave Nkoue Ndondo
AU  - Gloria Takem Eyong
AU  - Eric Belmond Biram Ngon
AU  - Alain Fouepe Takounjou
AU  - Georges Mafany
AU  - Clarisse Mfopou Mewouo
Y1  - 2021/07/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 58
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210903.11
AB  - Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly affected by human activities, notably urban sewage and industrial effluent discharges, particularly in rivers. This study assesses heavy metals contamination of sediments of the Mgoua River in Douala, Cameroon. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (FC), the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to assess the contamination risk. The mean concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, U, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cs and Ba in sediments was 12601.08, 111.96, 151.93, 9.47, 65.43, 161.81, 7.55, 2.27, 419.30, 248.30, 49.30, 12.65, 89.50, 39.69, 3017.52, 5.95, 313.26, 39667.32, 0.97 and 243.19 µg/l, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments creased in the following order: U < Cs < Cd < Mo < As < Co < Rb < Y < Ni < Sr < V < Cr < Cu < Ba < Pb < Mn < Zn < Ti < Fe. The Igeo, CF and EF indicate a polymetallic contamination dominated by Cu, Cd and Pb being the most important in all studied sites. The value of SPI varied between 10.95 and 37.84, suggesting that the sediments are moderately to highly polluted, with PLI higher than 1. These indices reveal that the sediments of Mgoua river catchment were polluted with most of the heavy metals. The high concentrations of some of the metals were due to anthropogenic sources particularly the discharge of untreated industrial wastes in to watercourses. This study can therefore be used as a reference to monitor the quality of sediments of the Mgoua river.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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