Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from <i>Cussonia bateri</i> (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi; Collins Chibuzor Odidika; Modestus Okwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi, Collins Chibuzor Odidika, Modestus Okwu

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 30 August 2021 Accepted: 30 September 2021 Published: 12 October 2021

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Abstract

The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with an alcohol employing an appropriate catalyst. This study examines the use of jansa seed oil as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. Transesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol and ethanol catalyzed by snail shell was used to process the biodiesel. In the biodiesel production, the alcohol to oil molar ratio was 12:1, the catalyst amount was 0.75 g, and the reaction temperature was 65°C. The reversible second-order reaction rate was used to characterize the kinetics of FFA transesterification. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was also carried out in order to determine the sequence of the reaction and estimate the reaction rate constant. The activation energy of the ethyl ester was higher than that of the methyl ester, implying that the ethyl ester would require more energy (slower reaction rate) to activate a molecule for chemical transformation. The reusability of the catalyst for continuous transesterfication runs was investigated under the same operating conditions, and the conversion of the catalyst declined from 99.6 percent to 86.4 percent after the fifth regeneration cycle. Jansa seed oil has the potential to be a valuable raw source for generating fatty oil for the use as an alternate feedstock in the production of biodiesel.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
Page(s)	41-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodiesel Production, Transesterification, Kinetics, Catalyst

References

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Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi, Collins Chibuzor Odidika, Modestus Okwu. (2021). Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(4), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

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ACS Style

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi; Collins Chibuzor Odidika; Modestus Okwu. Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst. World J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 6(4), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

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AMA Style

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi, Collins Chibuzor Odidika, Modestus Okwu. Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst. World J Appl Chem. 2021;6(4):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11,
  author = {Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo and Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe and Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi and Collins Chibuzor Odidika and Modestus Okwu},
  title = {Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20210604.11},
  abstract = {The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with an alcohol employing an appropriate catalyst. This study examines the use of jansa seed oil as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. Transesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol and ethanol catalyzed by snail shell was used to process the biodiesel. In the biodiesel production, the alcohol to oil molar ratio was 12:1, the catalyst amount was 0.75 g, and the reaction temperature was 65°C. The reversible second-order reaction rate was used to characterize the kinetics of FFA transesterification. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was also carried out in order to determine the sequence of the reaction and estimate the reaction rate constant. The activation energy of the ethyl ester was higher than that of the methyl ester, implying that the ethyl ester would require more energy (slower reaction rate) to activate a molecule for chemical transformation. The reusability of the catalyst for continuous transesterfication runs was investigated under the same operating conditions, and the conversion of the catalyst declined from 99.6 percent to 86.4 percent after the fifth regeneration cycle. Jansa seed oil has the potential to be a valuable raw source for generating fatty oil for the use as an alternate feedstock in the production of biodiesel.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst
AU  - Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo
AU  - Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe
AU  - Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi
AU  - Collins Chibuzor Odidika
AU  - Modestus Okwu
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
AB  - The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with an alcohol employing an appropriate catalyst. This study examines the use of jansa seed oil as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. Transesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol and ethanol catalyzed by snail shell was used to process the biodiesel. In the biodiesel production, the alcohol to oil molar ratio was 12:1, the catalyst amount was 0.75 g, and the reaction temperature was 65°C. The reversible second-order reaction rate was used to characterize the kinetics of FFA transesterification. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was also carried out in order to determine the sequence of the reaction and estimate the reaction rate constant. The activation energy of the ethyl ester was higher than that of the methyl ester, implying that the ethyl ester would require more energy (slower reaction rate) to activate a molecule for chemical transformation. The reusability of the catalyst for continuous transesterfication runs was investigated under the same operating conditions, and the conversion of the catalyst declined from 99.6 percent to 86.4 percent after the fifth regeneration cycle. Jansa seed oil has the potential to be a valuable raw source for generating fatty oil for the use as an alternate feedstock in the production of biodiesel.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Collins Chibuzor Odidika

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Modestus Okwu

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Ugbomoro, Nigeria

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APA Style

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi, Collins Chibuzor Odidika, Modestus Okwu. (2021). Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(4), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

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ACS Style

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi; Collins Chibuzor Odidika; Modestus Okwu. Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst. World J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 6(4), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

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AMA Style

Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi, Collins Chibuzor Odidika, Modestus Okwu. Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst. World J Appl Chem. 2021;6(4):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11,
  author = {Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo and Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe and Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi and Collins Chibuzor Odidika and Modestus Okwu},
  title = {Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20210604.11},
  abstract = {The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with an alcohol employing an appropriate catalyst. This study examines the use of jansa seed oil as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. Transesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol and ethanol catalyzed by snail shell was used to process the biodiesel. In the biodiesel production, the alcohol to oil molar ratio was 12:1, the catalyst amount was 0.75 g, and the reaction temperature was 65°C. The reversible second-order reaction rate was used to characterize the kinetics of FFA transesterification. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was also carried out in order to determine the sequence of the reaction and estimate the reaction rate constant. The activation energy of the ethyl ester was higher than that of the methyl ester, implying that the ethyl ester would require more energy (slower reaction rate) to activate a molecule for chemical transformation. The reusability of the catalyst for continuous transesterfication runs was investigated under the same operating conditions, and the conversion of the catalyst declined from 99.6 percent to 86.4 percent after the fifth regeneration cycle. Jansa seed oil has the potential to be a valuable raw source for generating fatty oil for the use as an alternate feedstock in the production of biodiesel.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst
AU  - Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo
AU  - Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe
AU  - Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi
AU  - Collins Chibuzor Odidika
AU  - Modestus Okwu
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210604.11
AB  - The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with an alcohol employing an appropriate catalyst. This study examines the use of jansa seed oil as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. Transesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol and ethanol catalyzed by snail shell was used to process the biodiesel. In the biodiesel production, the alcohol to oil molar ratio was 12:1, the catalyst amount was 0.75 g, and the reaction temperature was 65°C. The reversible second-order reaction rate was used to characterize the kinetics of FFA transesterification. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was also carried out in order to determine the sequence of the reaction and estimate the reaction rate constant. The activation energy of the ethyl ester was higher than that of the methyl ester, implying that the ethyl ester would require more energy (slower reaction rate) to activate a molecule for chemical transformation. The reusability of the catalyst for continuous transesterfication runs was investigated under the same operating conditions, and the conversion of the catalyst declined from 99.6 percent to 86.4 percent after the fifth regeneration cycle. Jansa seed oil has the potential to be a valuable raw source for generating fatty oil for the use as an alternate feedstock in the production of biodiesel.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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