Research Article
Study of Factors Associated with Inappropriate Complementary Feeding Among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months, Western Health Region of the Gambia, 2020
Maty Diagne Camara*,
Haddy Crookes,
Oumar Bassoum,
Jean Augustin Tine,
Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké Leye,
Adama Faye,
Ibrahima Seck
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
79-97
Received:
29 January 2024
Accepted:
20 February 2024
Published:
13 March 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20241202.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Inappropriate complementary feeding practices are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the first two years of life. The aim was to investigate factors associated with inappropriate complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in the Western Health Region of The Gambia. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from 14 September to 14 October 2020. The study population consisted of mothers of children aged 6 to 23 months attending reproductive and child health clinics and enrolled in the "Every Child Counts - My Child Project" immunization and vaccination program. Simple random sampling was used to select participants using the project. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire administered by telephone interview and concerned the socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers, the professional and economic characteristics of the parents, the socio-demographic characteristics of the children, diet and complementary feeding practices. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 28.3 (±5.4) years and that of the children 14.2 (±4.8) months. Minimum dietary diversity was 33.3%, minimum meal frequency 88% and minimum acceptable dietary intake 14.5% for all children aged 6-23 months. Non-respect of minimum dietary diversity was associated with the child's female sex, with an OR = 16.3 [1.83-145.7], with the occurrence of both diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in the two weeks preceding the survey, with an OR = 27.2 [4.26-39.8], and with the child's birth in a public health facility, with an OR = 55.1 [1.53-197.7]. Children whose mothers were aged between 25 and 34 and whose fathers did not work had a higher risk of non-respect of the dietary diversity, with OR = 54.1 [2.4 6- 118.5] and OR = 22.5 [2.32 - 31.9] respectively. The factors associated with non-respect of the minimum meal frequency were the advanced age of the children: 12 to 17 months with an OR= 28.6 [1.65 - 49.5] and 18 to 23 months with an OR= 18.9 [1.67 - 215.0] and a history of both ARI and diarrhea with an OR=. 52,9 [1,61 - 173,7]. Non-respect of the minimum acceptable dietary intake was associated with older children aged 18 to 23 months OR= 14.4 [2.25- 93.0] and those whose mothers had vocational training OR=.24.2 [1.27- 46.3]. Conclusion: Complementary feeding practices are not very satisfactory. It is important to strengthen nutrition education in order to improve infant and young child feeding practices.
Abstract: Introduction: Inappropriate complementary feeding practices are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the first two years of life. The aim was to investigate factors associated with inappropriate complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in the Western Health Region of The Gambia. Methodology: This was a cross...
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Research Article
Artificial Simulation of Saliva's Astringency Removal Effect on Squid
Ling Huang,
Haotian Wang,
Xinyi Li,
Min Yang,
Shanggui Deng,
Pengxiang Yuan*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
98-106
Received:
07 February 2024
Accepted:
27 February 2024
Published:
20 March 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20241202.12
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Abstract: Astringency is a common issue in squid processing and consumption. Various techniques such as soaking in salt water, adding acids, and using enzymes have been used to eliminate astringency. However, these methods have their limitations, and the search for a better solution is ongoing. In recent years, ultrasound technology has been proposed as an effective method for removing astringency in squid. This study used four proteins, including lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, collagen, and whey protein, to simulate saliva in the human oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the removal effect of squid astringency after saliva soaking and ultrasound treatment. Physicochemical indicators such as polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, relative polymerization degree, and solution zeta potential were used as physicochemical indicators. Sensory evaluation and volatile salt nitrogen content were used as quality indicators of squid. The results indicated that artificial simulated saliva treatment significantly reduces polyphenols and antioxidant activity in squid muscle, reduces the content of volatile base nitrogen, eliminates the astringency of squid, and improves the taste and overall quality of squid. The technique of using ultrasound technology and artificial simulated saliva is a scientific and effective method for removing astringency in squid. This method has several advantages over traditional methods, including being a non-invasive method that does not require adding any chemicals, making it an environmentally friendly solution. The use of ultrasound technology allows for removing astringency in a shorter time than traditional methods. Finally, the technique is cost-effective and easily scaled up for industrial applications. In conclusion, using ultrasound technology and artificial simulated saliva treatment is a promising method for removing astringency in squid. The technique effectively removes astringency in squid muscle, improves the taste and overall quality of the squid, and is a non-invasive, environmentally friendly, cost-effective solution that can be easily scaled up for industrial application.
Abstract: Astringency is a common issue in squid processing and consumption. Various techniques such as soaking in salt water, adding acids, and using enzymes have been used to eliminate astringency. However, these methods have their limitations, and the search for a better solution is ongoing. In recent years, ultrasound technology has been proposed as an e...
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