Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia
Bainesagn Worku,
Million Tadesse,
Azage Tegegne
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
1-7
Received:
19 October 2019
Accepted:
26 November 2019
Published:
7 April 2020
Abstract: This study was carried out on 53 cows selected from smallholder dairy farmers in the Ejerie, Adea Berga and Metarobi western Shoa of Oromia in Ethiopia. All of the cows were investigated in October and November, 2015 for their cyclicity, pregnancy and mainly for early embryonic mortality determination. Milk samples were collected from the 53 of synchronized lactating cows involved in the estrus synchronization programme at the time of AI (day 0). Out of lactating cows, 33 exhibited true heat but due heat detection error, only 26 lactating cows were inseminated in day AI (Artificial Insemination). After it was confirmed that 20 lactating cows were pregnant, then they were continued for further progesterone profiling starting from day 18 to 45 day of post AI at interval of 3 days for determination of early embryonic loss based on progesterone concentration. The milk sample was analyzed by Hormonost Farmer Test. Results of the study indicated that about 60% of lactating cows maintain pregnancy until 45-day post AI whereas 15%, 15% and 10% of early pregnant lactating cow’s loss their embryo at 21st to 24th days, 27th to 30th days and 33rd day of post AI, respectively. The average progesterone concentration for pregnant cows was 24.46 ng/ml at day 21 to day 45 post AI. Based on finding of this result monitoring and evaluating reproductive traits with progesterone profiling is recommended to improve the fertility of dairy cattle. Finally, embryonic loss detection may serve as a basis for improvement of fertility of dairy cows mean while it will help for designing appropriate breeding management of dairy cattle.
Abstract: This study was carried out on 53 cows selected from smallholder dairy farmers in the Ejerie, Adea Berga and Metarobi western Shoa of Oromia in Ethiopia. All of the cows were investigated in October and November, 2015 for their cyclicity, pregnancy and mainly for early embryonic mortality determination. Milk samples were collected from the 53 of syn...
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Culture of Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An Experimental Model
Raoul Bationo,
Ablassé Rouamba,
Abdoulaziz Diarra,
Monique Lydie Beugré-Kouassi,
Fabienne Jordana,
Jean-Bertin Beugré
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
8-11
Received:
5 May 2020
Accepted:
11 June 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Cell culture is an important tool in medical, odontological and biological research laboratories, supporting cell therapies and tissue bioengineering strategies. It is used as a means for in vitro testing of the biocompatibility of resin polymers used in dentistry. The majority of cells are cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) or RPMI supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Several cell types are being studied including gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblasts are the main cells of gingival connective tissue. These cells play an active and important role in almost all coating fabric processes, and its involvement in various pathophysiological conditions, including, healing, repair, aging, psoriasis, cancer among others, is only beginning to be understood. DMEM is the most widely used fibroblastic culture medium. This model describes a method for obtaining and cultivating human gingival fibroblasts, by explants derived from surgical discards. Fibroblasts were isolated mechanically and cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum 10%, Penicillin (10000 U/ml)/Streptomycin (10 mg/ml) 1% and L-Glutamine (200 mM) 1%. The culture medium is replaced every two days. Cells forming a fairly dense network were observed after a period of 4 days of culture. Human gingival fibroblasts can be cultured by direct explant technique with RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and antibiotics.
Abstract: Cell culture is an important tool in medical, odontological and biological research laboratories, supporting cell therapies and tissue bioengineering strategies. It is used as a means for in vitro testing of the biocompatibility of resin polymers used in dentistry. The majority of cells are cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) or...
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Cancer-Inducing Mechanisms of Representative Sexually-Transmitted Infection Pathogens
Emmanuel Sokefun,
Olayemi Akinnola
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
12-21
Received:
25 August 2019
Accepted:
27 February 2020
Published:
22 July 2020
Abstract: The causal organisms of the numerous sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may be bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa. Apart from the known STIs these organisms cause, along with their accompanying physical, psychological and social effects, these organisms have also been implicated in oncogenesis. Each pathogen has its unique mechanisms of action, however, one representative organism was examined for each of the groups of microbes that cause STIs, namely: viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa, to show their oncogenic association. The human papillomavirus, which causes genital warts, is associated with oropharyngeal, cervical, anogenital, testicular and prostate cancer by the actions of the E5, E6 and E7 oncogenes, which have different functions. Chlamydia trachomatis, the etiological agent of Chlamydia infection, is linked to lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma, cervical, and ovarian cancers by squamous cell metaplasia, and by the inhibition of apoptosis factors: caspase 3 and mitcochondrial cytochrome c; which consequently inhibits apoptosis. Candida albicans, the causal organism of thrush in the mouth and the vagina, could cause cancer by producing carcinogenic by-products, triggering inflammation, molecular mimicry, and induction of the TH17 response. Trichomonas vaginalis, the protozoon which causes trichomoniasis, is known to cause the influx of pro-inflammatory molecules: chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-8, and leukotriene B4, d neutrophils, and IL-6, and this may play a role in carcinogenesis. Expression of the oncogenes PIM1, HMGA1, and COX-2 by T. vaginalis has also been associated with the onset of cancer. Vaccination, healthy lifestyles, a mutually-monogamous sexual relationship, completing treatment regimen, use of sterile medical equipment, and not sharing sharp or invasive materials, are recommended in prevention and control of the STI pathogens and consequently, the cancers they cause.
Abstract: The causal organisms of the numerous sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may be bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa. Apart from the known STIs these organisms cause, along with their accompanying physical, psychological and social effects, these organisms have also been implicated in oncogenesis. Each pathogen has its unique mechanisms of actio...
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