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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Celosia trigyna (Linn) Extracts African Extinction Vegetable
Oluwasayo Esther Ogunjinmi,
Samson Oguntola Ogunjinmi,
Samson Oluwagbemiga Alayande,
Esther Omelebele Nwoke,
Taofik Adewale Adedosu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
102-106
Received:
21 August 2020
Accepted:
7 September 2020
Published:
21 September 2020
Abstract: Celosia trigyna recognized as a known ancient vegetable unfortunately unpopular in this modern age. In this study, antioxidant activities of Celosia trigyna leaves were evaluated in crude extract (methanol) and different fractions; chloroform, hexane, methanol and ethylacetate. Antioxidant evaluation were established using total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdeum) and antiradical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) methods. C. trigyna leaves showed the highest values of Total phenolics content (TP) (0.162mg, Rutin equivalent per g methanol fraction) while the lowest value of TP (0.092mg ± 0.001 GAEg-1) was recorded in the chloroform fraction. Ethylacetate fraction of C. trigyna leave extract was highest (0.192 ± 0.003mg GAEg-1) in Total Antioxidant Activity. Interestingly the C. trigyna methanol fraction exhibited the highest percentage inhibition for both DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities of 89.22% and 88.24% respectively at concentration 0.6mg/ml. All the fractions including the C. trigyna crude methanol extract showed strong scavenging activity on DPPH as the concentration increases while the scavenging activity of the C. trigyna leaves methanol extract and fractions were high at 0.6mg/ml concentration. C. trigyna is presented as an alternative natural antioxidant to synthetic antioxidants used in foods and pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: Celosia trigyna recognized as a known ancient vegetable unfortunately unpopular in this modern age. In this study, antioxidant activities of Celosia trigyna leaves were evaluated in crude extract (methanol) and different fractions; chloroform, hexane, methanol and ethylacetate. Antioxidant evaluation were established using total antioxidant activit...
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Geochemical Characterization of Two Niger Delta Crude Oils and Their Mixtures II: Correlation of Bulk Properties and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Mark Obinna Onyema,
Nwannedi Christian Okoroh,
Ikenna Hope Okorie,
Leo Chigbu Osuji
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
107-112
Received:
29 November 2019
Accepted:
19 December 2019
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: Correlations of bulk geochemical properties such as density, API gravity, saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) compositions, aliphatic hydrocarbons (from nC8 to nC38) and their diagnostic ratios (Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18) were evaluated for two Niger Delta crude oils (samples A and F) and their mix at different proportions of 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1: 4 (samples B, C, D and E respectively). Pearson correlation showed strong relationships (> 0.99) between sample pairs in their bulk geochemical properties and diagnostic ratios, but variable relationships (0.20 - 0.85) in the aliphatic hydrocarbons which increased with increase in the proportion of sample F. Assessment of aliphatic hydrocarbon compositions by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed two major groups of clearly differentiated clusters with negative similarity and their plots revealed the aliphatic hydrocarbon compositions increased/decreased from samples A to F and exhibited variable strength for correlation of the oil samples. Plots of ratios of the aliphatic hydrocarbons were used to depict the geochemical compositional variations of the oil samples. Coefficient of determination (R²) of the plots indicate the ratios C 14/C14 + C25, C15/C15 + C24 and C17/C17 + C23 fits well and could account for 99.4%, 99.3% and 99.2% of the geochemical compositional variations of the two Niger Delta crude oils and their proportional mix. The results suggest these aliphatic hydrocarbon ratios could be useful for estimating the composition of two Niger Delta crude oils in their mix.
Abstract: Correlations of bulk geochemical properties such as density, API gravity, saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) compositions, aliphatic hydrocarbons (from nC8 to nC38) and their diagnostic ratios (Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18) were evaluated for two Niger Delta crude oils (samples A and F) and their mix at different proportions of 4:1, ...
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Syntheses, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structure of Heteronuclear Zn/Na Assembled with Salen-type Schiff Base
Pokpa Haba,
Mouhamadou Moustapha Sow,
Mamour Sarr,
Ibrahima Elhadji Thiam,
Mahy Diaw,
Pascal Retailleau,
Mohamed Lamine Gaye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
113-118
Received:
9 September 2020
Accepted:
23 September 2020
Published:
29 September 2020
Abstract: Herein we reported the crystal structure of a dinuclear complex [{ZnIINaI (L)(EtOH)(NO3)]}] (2) obtained by reaction with the metalloligand [Zn(L)].(H2O) (1) and sodium nitrate. The metalloligand (1) and the dinuclear (2) complexes are characterized by IR and physical measurement. Spectroscopic evidence indicated that the Schiff base H2L behave an N2O2O’ 2 coordination tetradentate ligand. Suitable crystals of the compound 2 were grown by slow evaporation of ethanol solution for two weeks. The structure of 2 was elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/c. The asymmetric unit of the compound contains one dideprotonated ligand molecule, on tetracoordinated zinc (II) ion, one heptacoordinated sodium(I) ion, one bidentate nitrate group and one coordinated ethanol molecule resulting in a structure formulated as [Zn(µ-L)Na(NO3)(EtOH)]. In the structure the ZnII ion is tetracoordinated and the environment around the zinc (II) is best described as a planar square geometry. The NaI ion is seven-coordinated in a severely distorted bipyramid pentagon environment. The interplanar angles between the two phenyl rings with a methoxy substituent is 4.208 (4)°, while the dihedral angle values of these groups with the phenyl carrying amino groups are respectively 7.499 (5)° and 11.594 (5)°. The Zn–Na distance is 3.4244 (9) Å. In the crystal structure numerous intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules in a three-dimensional network.
Abstract: Herein we reported the crystal structure of a dinuclear complex [{ZnIINaI (L)(EtOH)(NO3)]}] (2) obtained by reaction with the metalloligand [Zn(L)].(H2O) (1) and sodium nitrate. The metalloligand (1) and the dinuclear (2) complexes are characterized by IR and physical measurement. Spectroscopic evidence indicated that the Schiff base H2L behave an ...
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Assessment of Quality of Artemisia afra Powder Used as Antimalarial in Tanzania
Khamis Rashid Kheir,
Francis Machum,
Wilbrord Kalala,
Pax Masimba,
Ussi Makame Kombo,
Mayassa Salum Ally
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
119-123
Received:
9 September 2020
Accepted:
22 September 2020
Published:
20 October 2020
Abstract: The quality of herbal medicine can be affected by environmental conditions where by the medicinal plants are grown or collected, the area where they are dried and processed, storage conditions, transport conditions and manufacturing processes at the point of production. The study aimed to determine the quality of heavy metals, aflatoxins and microbial contaminants of Artemisia afra leaves powder used as herbal medicine processed at the Institute of Traditional Medicine of the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS). Artemisia afra leaves powder was obtained from The Institute of Traditional Medicine (ITM) in Tanzania where it is processed and packed as Fivisia. Microbial contaminants were analyzed by using plate count method for moulds and Shigella spp. while Most Probable Number (MPN) method used for determination of E. coli; Heavy metals were analyzed using; Inductively Couple Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and aflatoxin analysis was done using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The data were tabulated, expressed in mean±S. D and presented in graphs and compared to WHO guidelines. The quantity of molds was between 1.1× 103 – 1.2× 103 CFU/g which is below the legal limit according to WHO of maximum of 105 CFU/g, none of the samples were contaminated with E. coli or Shigellas sp. Levels of heavy metals were within the permissible limit for consumed herbal product according to WHO standard guidelines; Chromium 1.69 ± 0.08 ppm, Lead 0.22 ± 0.01, Cadmium 0.08 ± 0.01, Mercury 0.15± 0.08 and Arsenic 0.04 ± 0.02. All samples were found below the detection limit for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. The Artemisia afra leaves powder processed and packed as Fivisia at the Institute of Traditional Medicine; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) is safe for human consumption based on the quality parameters that have been studied.
Abstract: The quality of herbal medicine can be affected by environmental conditions where by the medicinal plants are grown or collected, the area where they are dried and processed, storage conditions, transport conditions and manufacturing processes at the point of production. The study aimed to determine the quality of heavy metals, aflatoxins and microb...
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Infrared Line Collisional Parameters of PH3 in Hydrogen: Measurements with Second-order Approximation of Perturbation Theory
Jamel Salem,
Rached Ben Younes
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
124-130
Received:
24 March 2020
Accepted:
24 August 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: Measurement of room temperature absorption by PH3–H2 mixtures in the v2 and v4 bands of phosphine (PH3) have been made for low pressures. Fits of these spectra are made for the determination of the width for isolated lines, and line mixing in first-order Rosenkranz approximation. From the previous determinations, we deduce some remarks on the lack of accuracy for the prediction of the collisional process. With the first-order Rosenkranz approximation, the collisional parameters are considered linear with pressure. In this work, we have considered some spectra recorded for three doublets A1 and A2 lines in the v2 and v4 bands of PH3 diluted with higher H2 pressure. We show that the line shifts are non-linear with perturber pressures, which requires testing the fits of the recorded spectra by profiles developed in the second-order approximation of the perturbation theory. Consequently, the first and second-order mixing coefficients are determined and discussed. Also, through this study, we show that the change of the intensities distribution is provided by the populations exchange between the low energy levels for the two components of doublets A1 and A2 lines and is described through the second-order mixing parameter. Thereby, we show the mixing effect on the line width.
Abstract: Measurement of room temperature absorption by PH3–H2 mixtures in the v2 and v4 bands of phosphine (PH3) have been made for low pressures. Fits of these spectra are made for the determination of the width for isolated lines, and line mixing in first-order Rosenkranz approximation. From the previous determinations, we deduce some remarks on the lack ...
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