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Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal

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Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2020

  • Comparison of Numerical Methods for System of First Order Ordinary Differential Equations

    Jemal Demsie Abraha

    Issue: Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2020
    Pages: 32-36
    Received: 17 January 2020
    Accepted: 26 February 2020
    Published: 14 April 2020
    DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20200902.11
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    Abstract: In this paper three numerical methods are discussed to find the approximate solutions of a systems of first order ordinary differential equations. Those are Classical Runge-Kutta method, Modified Euler method and Euler method. For each methods formulas are developed for n systems of ordinary differential equations. The formulas explained by these m... Show More
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  • Cohomology Operations andπ-Strongly Homotopy Commutative Hopf Algebra

    Calvin Tcheka

    Issue: Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2020
    Pages: 37-45
    Received: 8 October 2019
    Accepted: 4 December 2019
    Published: 23 April 2020
    DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20200902.12
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    Abstract: Steenrod operations are cohomology operations that are themselves natural transformations between cohomology functors. There are two distinct types of steenrod operations initially constructed by Norman Steenrod and called Steenrod squares and reduced p-th power operations usually denoted Sq and pi respectively. Since their creation, it has been pr... Show More
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