Abstract: This article describes a laboratory-based case study to remove methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from contaminated water with tungsten oxide (WO3) catalysts loaded with ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) metals. Characterization of the synthesized catalysts were conducted by using the: (i) X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data for the purity, (ii) visible light reaction condition for MTBE, (iii) solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) technique incorporated with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assist the MTBE photo-oxidation process, (iv) catalyst syntheses from different concentrations of Ru in WO3, nano-WO3, Pt in nano-WO3, and (v) formation of byproducts during photocatalytic degradation of MTBE by using the GC-MS. The results revealed that the catalysts mainly consists of WO3 phase and there is no additional peaks from the metals, indicating that the Ru and Pt metals are well dispersed on WO3. Approximately 96% to 99% of the MTBE removal can quickly and accurately be achieved with a nanostructured WO3 catalyst loaded with Pt under visible light radiation between 2.5h and 3h. Moreover, with a nanocomposite WO3 catalyst loaded with Pt, photocatalytic MTBE removal is higher than with the pure WO3 catalyst loaded with Ru, and the pure nanostructured and micron-sized WO3. Finally, the formation of byproducts during the MTBE photocatalytic degradation revealed that the MTBE degradation essentially proceeds via formation of formic acid and 1,1-dimethylethyl ester before its complete degradation.Abstract: This article describes a laboratory-based case study to remove methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from contaminated water with tungsten oxide (WO3) catalysts loaded with ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) metals. Characterization of the synthesized catalysts were conducted by using the: (i) X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data for the purity, (ii) vis...Show More
Abstract: Bituminous hot mixes for flexible pavement construction are the most widely used throughout the world. Mainly aggregate, sand, bitumen and filler are used for flexible pavement construction. But in case of filler, engineers are divided according to their choice depending on the availability of materials and environmental condition. In this investigation an attempt is made to investigate the properties of bituminous pavement materials by the partial replacement of spent foundry sand and ceramic tile dust individually as fine aggregate with an increment of 10%. Actually Foundry sand is a high quality silica sand and it is used to form molds for ferrous (iron and steel) and non-ferrous (copper, aluminum, brass etc.) metal castings. A huge quantity of foundry sand is used by metal casting industries every year and disposed them after being used. On the other hand two sources are available for ceramic wastes. Ceramic’s industry is the first source and second is the construction sight of ceramic’s work. A huge quantity of ceramic wastes are produced from these sources and if these wastes can be utilized in pavement construction, the disposal and pollution problem can be minimized. The main target of this investigation is to determine optimum bitumen content (OBC) and suitable mix to ensure a durable and cost effective pavement after being partial replacement of foundry sand and ceramic tile dust. The proposed mix design will be conducted in accordance with Marshall Mix design. After performing the experimental investigation it is found that for 30% replacement of waste foundry sand and higher percentage of ceramic tile dust provide superior field performance and better stability than the conventional mixes.Abstract: Bituminous hot mixes for flexible pavement construction are the most widely used throughout the world. Mainly aggregate, sand, bitumen and filler are used for flexible pavement construction. But in case of filler, engineers are divided according to their choice depending on the availability of materials and environmental condition. In this investig...Show More
