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Efficiency of Nano-formulations of Neem and Peppermint Oils on the Bionomics and Enzymatic Activities of Agrotis ipsilon Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abdel Rahman Hussein Amin,
Alaa El Din Bayoumi,
Nadia Zikry Dimetry,
Dalia Abdellah Youssef
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
102-111
Received:
24 June 2019
Accepted:
19 July 2019
Published:
12 August 2019
Abstract: Nanotechnology is considered to be a development way to gain efficient and potential approaches towards pest control. The effect of both neem and peppermint oils as bulk, nano and loaded nano-emulsions have been studied against the different biological aspects of the 2nd larval instar of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) under laboratory conditions. Their effects on enzymatic activities were investigated for the 2nd and 4th larval instars. The effects of adding the different formulations of either neem or peppermint oils to artificial diet of 2nd instar larvae show significant elongation of the larval duration; percentage mortalities were increased as well as larval malformations. It was recorded that nano-formulations (emulsion or loaded) significantly decreased the pupal weight and significantly increased the pupal duration, percentage pupal mortalities and pupal malformation. Adult longevity show insignificant effect, while female fecundity and percentage egg fertility show significant decrease in comparison with the control. Results of enzymatic activities show marked effects of the three formulations of either neem or peppermint oil. Significant inhibitions were recorded for amylase, invertase, trehalase, protease and alkaline phosphatase. However, significant increase in the activities of cuticle phenoloxidase and chitinase were recorded. Marked variations were recorded between nano-formulations and the bulk form.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is considered to be a development way to gain efficient and potential approaches towards pest control. The effect of both neem and peppermint oils as bulk, nano and loaded nano-emulsions have been studied against the different biological aspects of the 2nd larval instar of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) under laboratory conditions. Their ef...
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Physicochemical Quality of Water and Influence on the Dynamics of Bacteria Circulating in Water Points for Domestic Use in Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Ngong Ankiambom Innocent,
Ajeagah Gideon Aghaindum,
Kapso Tchouankep Mireille,
Nguepidjio Gilbert,
Sotchang Mbounga Ines Olivia,
Fouossong Banhatio Ignace,
Nnah Mbele Jean Pierre,
Kechia née Kom Assumpta Ikei,
Enoka Patrice
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
112-119
Received:
6 July 2019
Accepted:
30 July 2019
Published:
20 August 2019
Abstract: A study seek to identify the bacterial germs that colonize aquatic environments in relation to some abiotic parameters of the environment was conducted from March to September 2018 in five neighborhoods of Yaounde on 14 wells, 7 sources and 5 streams. The sampling stations were chosen according to the sources of pollution, their geographical distribution, and their importance for the user populations. Samples and physico-chemical and bacteriological analyzes were carried out using appropriate techniques. The physicochemical analyzes revealed that the samples are generally well oxygenated (Dissolved oxygen (8 mg/L)), rich in organic and mineral matter (BOD5 = 41,66 ± 20,5 mg/L of oxygen) and loaded in particles (Total dissolved solids = 121,04 ±94,4 mg/L, Suspended Solids = 30, 67 ± 22,0 mg/L). The results of the bacteriological analyzes show that these waters host many bacterial communities such as total coliforms and fecal coliforms with a frequency of occurrence at more than 40% of species such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia rettgeri, Alcaligenes denitrificans, Providencia stuartii, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Citrobacter koseri, all gram-negative bacteria. The densities of these pathogens are significantly related to suspended solids, BOD5, nitrite and orthophosphate levels, and the availability of dissolved oxygen (P <0.05). The origin of faecal pollution in the water points studied varies according to the sites and would be either human, animal or mixed. The dynamics of the abundances of the different germs identified and their occurrence in the environment would be related to the physicochemical quality of the water.
Abstract: A study seek to identify the bacterial germs that colonize aquatic environments in relation to some abiotic parameters of the environment was conducted from March to September 2018 in five neighborhoods of Yaounde on 14 wells, 7 sources and 5 streams. The sampling stations were chosen according to the sources of pollution, their geographical distri...
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Population Status, Distribution Patterns and Conservation Needs of Endangered Croton alienus Pax in Kenya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
120-128
Received:
24 June 2019
Accepted:
23 July 2019
Published:
23 August 2019
Abstract: Kenya has a very rich plant biodiversity, many which are economically important. However this rich botanical resource continue to decline at an alarming rate as a result of over-exploitation through unsustainable human activities and unpredictable effect of changing climate. Endemic species with restricted geographic ranges and specific habitats are most vulnerable to extinction under the changing environmental and climatical conditions. To aid in their conservation, sound knowledge on their population status, distribution and conservation is urgently needed. The population status, distribution pattern, economic uses and conservation needs of Croton alienus Pax 1909, an endemic and endangered plant species in Kenya are reviewed. This was achieved through screening of herbarium specimen at East Africa Herbarium and detailed review of published and un-published research articles. The result indicates, Croton alienus has restricted area of occupancy occurring mainly in high altitude region between 1500-1800 m above sea level. Due to its narrow altitude range, Croton alienus is restricted to forests in central Kenya (Aberdare forest, Mt Kenya forest), Nairobi region (Karura forest, Ngong forest, Arboretum) and Western Kenya (Kakamega forest). Very low population density of 1 species per hectare in Karura forest suggests urgent conservations needs. Earlier conservations efforts included seed propagation activities to produce seedling, but their sustainability may have been halted by its limited usage. The species is medicinal with antibiotic properties against Croton alienus and Leishmania donovanii micro-organisms which can be tapped to aid its domestication and conservation. This review highlights need for urgent conservation measures for endemic species with restricted geographic ranges and specific habitat needs like Croton alienus in awake of climate change.
Abstract: Kenya has a very rich plant biodiversity, many which are economically important. However this rich botanical resource continue to decline at an alarming rate as a result of over-exploitation through unsustainable human activities and unpredictable effect of changing climate. Endemic species with restricted geographic ranges and specific habitats ar...
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Study on Green Enterprise Quality Management Based on Sustainable Development
Lihui Sui,
Hong Shao,
Yudong Wang
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
129-135
Received:
5 August 2019
Accepted:
23 August 2019
Published:
5 September 2019
Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) is one of the quality-oriented approaches that many organizations imply and has been considered the important basis of competitive advantage of the organizations. Since the concept of sustainable development was put forward, global green awareness has continued to rise, and the world economy has moved toward a greener direction. Under the global green demands, the traditional ideas of TQM can not adapt to the development of enterprises to provide the green products. Meeting the green demands, the enterprises should pay attention on environmental production, focus on green products demands, ideas of TQM should be shifted from total quality management to the innovation of Green Enterprise Quality Management under the sustainable development environment. Based on the requirements of the sustainable development strategy, to meet the growing demand of the green consumption and to improve the sustainable competitiveness of the enterprise, the ideas of green enterprise quality management was proposed and its characteristics were analyzed. Comparison with total quality management, the similarities and differences between TQM and the Green Enterprise Quality Management were further further. The conclusion of this paper is that the implementation principles of Green Quality Management should be adhered to when the enterprises provide green products under sustainable development.
Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) is one of the quality-oriented approaches that many organizations imply and has been considered the important basis of competitive advantage of the organizations. Since the concept of sustainable development was put forward, global green awareness has continued to rise, and the world economy has moved toward a greener...
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Effect of Antigonon leptopus Leaf Extract on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Trigonella foenum graecum
Mohammad Akmal,
Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
147-152
Received:
17 July 2019
Accepted:
20 September 2019
Published:
30 September 2019
Abstract: Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds were treated with different dilutions of aqueous leaves extract of Antigonan (i.e., from 10 to 50%) and grown on sterile cotton and Whatman filter paper in a Petri dish. The seedling length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants was taken after 5 to 15 days. It was found that the germination was 62% (85% in distilled water control and the germination process was completed in 2 days) in all dilutions and growth was severely inhibited as compared to distilled water grown control. Growth inhibition was increases with extract concentration. Maximum inhibition was recorded in radicle growth after five days of sowing in treated seedling with 50% aqueous extracts. Qualitative LCMS analysis of methanolic leaf extract of A. leptopus reveals the presence of various phenolic acid derivatives, like ferulic acid derivatives, arachidonic acid, citronellic acid, and coumarins derivatives etc. These phytotoxins not only inhibits the germination but also plant growth and interfere with ion accumulation of the plant. These results indicate that Antigonan plants have strong negative allopathic interactions with Trigonella. Antigonan may be harmful for our crop as well as native plants. However, the plant has certain medicinal properties like anti-cancerous properties, anti-diabetic properties that can be utilized for human welfare.
Abstract: Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds were treated with different dilutions of aqueous leaves extract of Antigonan (i.e., from 10 to 50%) and grown on sterile cotton and Whatman filter paper in a Petri dish. The seedling length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants was taken after 5 to 15 days. It was found that the germination was 62% (85% ...
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