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Determination of Antiemetic, Antimicrobial, Anti-Radical and Cytotoxic Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Centella asiatica
Md. Shohel Hossain,
Fahmida Abdullah Tuly,
Sharmin Akter,
Md Saiful Islam Arman,
Md. Abdul Aziz,
Md. Ekhtear Mahmud,
Palash Das,
Mohammad Hasem Babu,
Md. Monirul Islam
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-7
Received:
5 March 2018
Accepted:
24 March 2018
Published:
13 April 2018
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the antiemetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of Centella asiatica. The antiemetic assay was carried out by using chick emetic model with minor modifications by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retching. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was performed by Disc Diffusion method. The anti-radical activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay is done to determine cytotoxic activity. The anti-emetic activity of Centella asiatica leaves on young chicks revealed that these extracts have a less anti-emetic effect. The group of chicks treated with Chlorpromazine was found to have 38.4 retches as compared to the 60.4 retches of the control group, thus Chlorpromazine reduced the retches by 36.96%. The chickens treated with leaves extracts inhibited the retches up to 15.67%. The manimum antimicrobial effect was found in this methanol crude extract. The extract did not appear potent in terms of both zones of inhibition and spectrum of activity. In anti-radical activity test, the extract showed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 241.71 μg/ml. while compared to that of the reference standard ascorbic acid. Moreover, the methanolic crude extracts also possess moderate cytotoxic principles potential (LC50 value of 39.06 μg/ml) comparing with that of standard vincristine (0.839 μg/ml).
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the antiemetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of Centella asiatica. The antiemetic assay was carried out by using chick emetic model with minor modifications by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retching. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract w...
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Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions
Joshua Kiilu Muli,
Nancy Budambula,
Cecilia Mweu,
Sylvester Elikana Anami
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
8-15
Received:
14 March 2018
Accepted:
27 March 2018
Published:
24 April 2018
Abstract: Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated four tropical inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines; CML 216, CML 144, A04 and E04 for their response to growth limiting water stress and their relative expression of PARP2 gene under drought and non-drought conditions. The leaf lengths and growth rates of the fourth leaf were monitored for 21days post emergence while fresh and dry weights of drought stressed and non-stressed seedlings were recorded a month after emergence of the fourth leaf. The relative expression of PARP2 gene was determined using rtPCR after isolating RNA from drought stressed and non-stressed maize seedlings. There was no significant difference in the mature lengths of the fourth leaf in the four genotypes when the maize seedlings were not subjected to drought and when subjected to severe drought stress. However, subjecting maize seedlings to mild drought resulted in a significant difference in the mature leaf lengths based on the different genotypes (P= 0.0066). The growth rate of maize seedlings based on the fourth leaf was observed to be affected by drought, with a higher mean growth rate (1.74 cm day-1) registered in seedlings which were not subjected to drought and those subjected to moderate drought (1.78 cm day-1). A slower growth rate (1.37 cm day-1) was observed in seedlings subjected to severe drought stress. Fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings were also observed to be significantly different based on the level of drought exerted (P = < 0.0001) and the genotype (P = < 0.0001). The expression of PARP2 gene was found to be directly proportional to the level of drought stress exerted. Results from this study suggest how tropical maize genotypes respond to drought.
Abstract: Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated f...
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Seedling Resistance to Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) and Molecular Marker Analysis of Resistance Genes in Some Wheat Cultivars
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
16-23
Received:
22 March 2018
Accepted:
12 April 2018
Published:
16 May 2018
Abstract: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.f.sp.tritici Eriks.and E.Henn.(Pgt) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat which causing considerable yield losses in wheat growing areas worldwide. It has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race TTKSK (also known as Ug99) and related races from Africa. Races of the pathogen in the “Ug99 lineages” are of international concern due to their virulence for widely used stem rust resistance genes and their spread throughout Africa. Disease resistant cultivars provide one of the best means for controlling stem rust. Bale zone, located on the Southeast part of Ethiopia, is one of the main wheat growing regions, playing a pivotal role in the wheat stem rust epidemic in Ethiopia. This study investigated levels of resistance in key wheat cultivars (lines) grown in Bale zone using seedling resistance evaluation and marker aided selection. Twenty wheat cultivars were evaluated for their response to stem rust infection at seedling stage under green house condition. Wheat cultivars were challenged with four stem rust races viz TTKSK, TRTTF, TTTTF and JRQCQ. A high level of phenotypic variation was observed in response to these races in the test entries, allowing for selection in these germplasm as a pre-breeding work. Out of the tested cultivars, three wheat cultivars exhibited low infection types (0–2) response to all the four races and hence selected as a source of resistance to stem rust. In addition, the existence of Sr2, Sr22, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr35 and Sr36 genes in wheat cultivars were assessed using specific DNA markers. Using molecular markers, resistance gene Sr2 was identified in 2 cultivars and Sr24 in five cultivars. However, no Sr25, Sr26, Sr35 and Sr36 were identified in any cultivars tested using DNA markers. The results of both seedling evaluation and marker based resistance gene identification will enable to breed wheat varieties with durable resistance to stem rust disease.
Abstract: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.f.sp.tritici Eriks.and E.Henn.(Pgt) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat which causing considerable yield losses in wheat growing areas worldwide. It has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race TTKSK (also known as Ug99) and related races from A...
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