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Agronomic Performance Evaluation and Yield Stability Analysis of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Using AMMI and GGE biplot
Zelalem Zewdu,
Abebaw Dessie,
Fisseha Worede,
Mulugeta Atinaf,
Assaye Berie,
Zeyinu Tahir,
Hailegebrial Kinfe,
Mulugeta Bitew
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
87-92
Received:
9 March 2020
Accepted:
29 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in the rainfed upland rice producing areas of Ethiopia; Gonder, Pawe and Shire-Maitsebrie during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Thirteen upland rice varieties were tested with the objective of examining the agronomic performance and yield stability of the varieties using Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot analysis. The AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield detected significant effects for genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interactions. Environment effect was responsible for the greatest part of the variation, followed by genotype by environment interaction and genotype effects. Based on the AMMI stability analysis G1, G2 and G5 were the most stable genotypes, while G13, G3 and G12 were the most responsive ones. The GGE biplot also showed that G13, G3, G12 and G10 have long vectors and located far away from the biplot origin and hence are considered to have larger contribution to GEI. Among the tested genotypes G1 (Fogera-1), G5 (Andassa) and G2 (Adet) gave high yield and good stability across environments and can be recommended for production for the testing sites and similar upland rice producing areas of Ethiopia.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in the rainfed upland rice producing areas of Ethiopia; Gonder, Pawe and Shire-Maitsebrie during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Thirteen upland rice varieties were tested with the objective of examining the agronomic performance and yield stability of the varieties using Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Inte...
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Tef (Eragrostis tef) Recombinant Inbred Line Variety Development for High Potential Areas of Ethiopia
Yazachew Genet,
Tsion Fikre,
Kebebew Assefa,
Solomon Chanyalew,
Worku Kebede,
Kidist Tolossa,
Habte Jifar,
Mitiku Assefaw
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
93-99
Received:
25 September 2020
Accepted:
12 November 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: The national average yield of Tef is low at 1.75 t ha-1. This is partially due to lack of high yielding Tef genotypes for different Tef growing areas. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop high yielding, and desirable quality of improved Tef varieties suitable for high and optimum potential farming systems. Eight recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross of DZ-01-353 x kaymurri plus two checks were laid out in a randomized complete block design using four replications in multi-environments for two years (2013 and 2014) to see the effect of genotypes, environments and GEI. ANOVA from additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) for grain yield revealed highly significant (p<0.01) effect for genotypes, environments, and genotype by environment interaction (GEI. The effect of environment, genotypes and genotype by environment interaction accounted for 81.49, 3.98 and 14.15% of the total sum squares, respectively. A large sum of squares for environments indicated that the test environments were diverse with large differences among environmental means which causing most of the variation in grain yield. Therefore, results of combined data analysis across locations and over the years showed that variety DZ- Cr- 429 (RIL 125)/Negus/ performed better and stable across five locations over two years among tested genotypes. Thus, variety Negus was identified and released as best promising Tef variety for production in high and optimum potential tef growing areas in the country. This variety should be used in similar agro ecologies to increase grain yield productivity and ensure food security in the country.
Abstract: The national average yield of Tef is low at 1.75 t ha-1. This is partially due to lack of high yielding Tef genotypes for different Tef growing areas. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop high yielding, and desirable quality of improved Tef varieties suitable for high and optimum potential farming systems. Eight recombinant inbred l...
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Evaluation of Millet Straw (Elusine coracana) with the Supplement of Cotton Seed Waste for Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
100-107
Received:
20 September 2020
Accepted:
30 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: Mushroom production has been considered as one of the microbial biotechnologies which will improve the lively hood of the community as it is a recycle processes which produces nutritionally rich and medicinally useful mushroom biomass from low cost and no cost organic by products. The main objective of this study was to evaluate millet straw (Elusine coracana) with the supplement of cotton seed waste for the production of oyster mushroom. The oyster mushroom culture was prepared on potato dextrose agar. The spawn was developed on yellow color sorghum grain. The sterilized substrate was inoculated with 10% on dry / wet basis of substrate/spawn. The experiment was laid in a completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications involving a 10x3 factorial arrangement for millet straw and cotton seed waste mix ratio. The inoculated bags were placed in the dark room for vegetative growth and in the mushroom production house from January 2020 to April 2020 in the main campus of Ambo University. The fastest complete mycelia colonization was recorded from T10 10 days, while the slowest mycelia colonization was recorded on T1 (20 days). The fastest primordial formation was observed on T7 (14 days) while, T1 (24 days) showed slowest primordial formation. The fastest first harvest was recorded from T2 (16 days) while, the slowest first harvest was from T1 (29 days). The highest numbers of fruiting body was recorded from T4 (80) while the least number of fruiting body was from T1 (50). The highest total biomass was recorded from T3 (1618 gm) while the least total biomass was from T1 (871 gm). In this study, the highest biological efficiency was recorded from T3 (302.4%) while, the least biological efficiency was from T1 (138.25%). All the treatments investigated in this, gave the highest yield, total biomass and highest biological efficiency more than those reported in the literature with other substrates so, this will open up the new oyster mushroom substrate mixture based on finger millet could be used for pilot, farm or at industrial scale production.
Abstract: Mushroom production has been considered as one of the microbial biotechnologies which will improve the lively hood of the community as it is a recycle processes which produces nutritionally rich and medicinally useful mushroom biomass from low cost and no cost organic by products. The main objective of this study was to evaluate millet straw (Elusi...
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A Survey of Weaver-birds’ Crop-raiding Behavioral Activity in Buea Municipality, Southwest Region, Cameroon
Melle Ekane Maurice,
Kato Samuel Namuene,
Ewane Divine,
Mbole Veronique,
Agborta Sylvie Oyong
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
108-114
Received:
1 November 2020
Accepted:
16 November 2020
Published:
24 November 2020
Abstract: The entire surface of the earth is visited by the birds in view of their aerial flights and variable habitats in search of suitable breeding and feeding grounds. Flight, intelligence, adaptability and sight are some of the attributes that add to the diversity in the life of birds, consequently there is complexity in their overall behavioral pattern. The key objective of this study was to assess the weaver-bird crop-raiding activity in Buea municipality on different environmental parameters. The study was undertaken for three months, six days in a week, from 7:00am to 6:00pm. Scan observations were made on birds’ activity on a five-minute interval period across the entire study area. Simultaneously, data was collected on the environmental conditions. The study recorded a significant association between weaver-bird activity on crop-land, X2 = 11.653 df=14, P < 0.005 and X2 = 3.441 df=4, P<0.05 respectively. There was weaver-bird activity frequency of 51.63%, 45.35%, and 3.02% for Ploceus luteolus, Ploceus cuculatus, and Ploceus melanocephalus respectively. Moreover, a week association between bird activity and weather, X2 = 3.125 df=3, P<0.05 was recorded. The sunny and cloudy weather conditions recorded 53.26%, and 42.09% respectively, while the windy and rainy weather conditions were significantly low (3.26%). An association was recored between atmospheric conditions and weaver-birds’ activity on crops, X2 = 23.249 df=21, P<0.05. In addition, the most destroyed farms were Elaeis guineensis (32.33%), Saccharum officinarum (19.77%), Zea mays (17.44%), and Mangifera indica (15.58%) respectively, and the scale of destruction was very prominent on the foliage used by the birds for nest-building. Maize crops and oil-palms were among the crop species most subjected to destruction by birds. These crops were observed with poor foliage formation and fruits, consequently they withered, and since the local farming population in this municipality predominantly cultivate these crops most, a heavy toll is often taken on the annual farmers’ income.
Abstract: The entire surface of the earth is visited by the birds in view of their aerial flights and variable habitats in search of suitable breeding and feeding grounds. Flight, intelligence, adaptability and sight are some of the attributes that add to the diversity in the life of birds, consequently there is complexity in their overall behavioral pattern...
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Integrated Effects of Vermi-compost and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Soil Chemical Properties and Maize Production in Bedele District, Western Oromia
Dagne Chimdessa,
Gedefa Sori
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
115-121
Received:
27 July 2020
Accepted:
10 August 2020
Published:
11 December 2020
Abstract: Integrated plant nutrient management is the application of inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer to maintain soil fertility and balance nutrient supply in order to boost up the crop yield per unit area. A study was conducted in Bedele District on farmers' fields to find out the combined effects of vermi-compost (organic fertilizer) and NPS (inorganic fertilizer) rates on soil chemical properties and maize production. The treatments consisted of three levels of vermi-compost (0, 1.5 and 3 t ha-1) and three levels of NPS fertilizer (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in RCBD design in factorial combination with three replications. laboratory analysis results of composite soil samples collected before sowing showed deficiency in soil chemical properties. However, analysis of variance of post harvest composite soil samples collected from each plot indicated significant differences on soil available P, OC, TN and CEC while, soil pH and exchangeable acidity showed positive improvement as compared to initial soil sample. The analysis of variance among the treatments showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on almost all the maize characters tested. The highest and lowest maize grain yield (7932.1 kg ha-1) and (1944.4 kg ha-1) were obtained from the treatment combination of 3 t ha1 vermi-compost with 200 kg ha-1 NPS and 92 kg ha-1 N, and control plot, respectively. However this combination was statically at par with the treatment combination of 1.5 t ha-1 vermi-compost with 200 kg ha-1 NPS and 92 kg ha-1 N, which gave maize grain yield (7577.2 kg ha-1). Therefore, the present study showed that combined fertilization of vermi-compost and NPS fertilizer enhanced maize productivity and soil fertility status in the study area; indicated that maize productivity in the study sites were reduced due to high demand for external nutrient inputs. Hence combined fertilization of 1.5 t ha1 vermi-compost with 200 kg ha-1 NPS and 92 kg ha-1 N could improve maize productivity and soil chemical properties, and recommended for the study area (Bedele District) and similar agro-ecology. The result also showed that the soils of the study sites had poor chemical fertility and integrated soil fertility management practices can improve the current situation.
Abstract: Integrated plant nutrient management is the application of inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer to maintain soil fertility and balance nutrient supply in order to boost up the crop yield per unit area. A study was conducted in Bedele District on farmers' fields to find out the combined effects of vermi-compost (organic fertil...
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