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Incidence and Distribution of African Cassava Mosaic Virus in the Guinea Savannah Vegetation zone of Nigeria
Tolani Adegbite Okelola,
Shatu Wudiri Asala,
Akeem Abolade Oyerinde,
Oladapo Oluwatobi Folarin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2021
Pages:
1-8
Received:
31 October 2020
Accepted:
1 December 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) is one of the major diseases affecting cassava production in Sub-Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted between August and September 2019 in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Niger and Benue states of the Guinea savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria, where cassava is predominantly cultivated, to assess the incidence and distribution of ACMV. Leaf samples collected from this survey were subjected to molecular indexing using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Further phylogenic analysis sequencing was done to determine the diversity among the isolates obtained from the study. A total of 81 farms were visited from where 2,025 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples (25 leaf samples per farm) were collected randomly in quadrants of 5m x 5m. The surveyed fields were assessed for virus disease incidence and severity by visual observation. From the samples collected, FCT had the highest incidence (62%) while Benue had the lowest (18%). FCT also recorded the highest severity while Benue had the lowest. After molecular indexing using PCR, FCT recorded the highest incidence to ACMV (22.22%), while no ACMV incidence was recorded in Benue state. The sequencing and phylogenic analysis reveals that there is a high diversity among the isolates obtained in the areas surveyed. This study indicates the presence of ACMV in the Guinea Savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria and has confirmed that cassava Mosaic Disease could be a threat to cassava production in the zone, therefore, the need for quick diagnosis.
Abstract: African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) is one of the major diseases affecting cassava production in Sub-Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted between August and September 2019 in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Niger and Benue states of the Guinea savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria, where cassava is predominantly cultivated, to assess the incid...
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AMMI Analysis for Grain Yield Stability in Lentil Genotypes Tested in the Highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia
Tadele Tadesse,
Gashaw Sefera,
Belay Asmare,
Amanuel Tekalign
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2021
Pages:
9-12
Received:
30 December 2020
Accepted:
15 January 2021
Published:
30 January 2021
Abstract: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) as grain legumes it ranks seventh and it is a valuable source of dietary protein. Genotype x environment interaction is the main determinant in identifying genotypes with wider adaptation. A total of seventeen lentil genotypes was used in this study, where the evaluation was made at Sinana and Agarfa for three years 2016-2018. In this study it was revealed that significant variation among the genotypes, locations and genotypes by location interaction for mean grain yield was observed It is also observed in the AMMI analysis significant variation in the first two IPCA components. Accordingly, G1, G6, G13, G14, G16 and G17 gave grain yield above the grand mean. Furthermore, from the stability indicators like AMMI Stability Value: G4, G15 G8, G6, G10, had lower ASV value and showed stabile performance while G7, G11 and G1 had relatively lower ASV and showed moderately stable performance over the testing environments indicating wide adaptation. Furthermore, based on the Genotypes Selection Index (GSI) the most stable genotypes with a high grain yield were G1 and G15. Therefore, we have identified that these two genotypes as candidate genotypes to be verified for possible release in the highlands of bale, Sothern Ethiopia and similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) as grain legumes it ranks seventh and it is a valuable source of dietary protein. Genotype x environment interaction is the main determinant in identifying genotypes with wider adaptation. A total of seventeen lentil genotypes was used in this study, where the evaluation was made at Sinana and Agarfa for three years 2...
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Biodiversity and Phytosociological Analysis of Plants in Wadi Al-Quf Nursery Reserve North - Western of Hebron City in Palestine
Jehad Mahmoud Hussein Ighbareyeh,
Asma Abdel-Raheem Ahmad Suliemieh,
Azhar Mousa Abu Ayash,
Maen Nimer Sheqwara,
Ana Cano Ortiz,
Eusebio Cano Carmona
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2021
Pages:
13-24
Received:
17 July 2020
Accepted:
3 August 2020
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: This paper presents a vegetation study of the Wadi Al-Quf Nursery Reserve territories of the west-north of Hebron-Palestine. These site is a very important at a local level of species of plant and flora with a high endemicity average. The floristic analysis revealed the existence of 82 species, of which 16 (19.51%) are endemic and ninety plots of vegetation distributed in this area. The phytosociological approach and analysis are based on the Braun- Blanquet methodology 1979, and used classification of the land for Salvador Rivas Martinez to analysis of the physical factors of the bioclimate and climate. However, Wadi Al-Quf Nursery Reserve, is located at the western of Hebron area and belong to infra Mediterranean to meso- Mediterranean thermotype, this area has a characteristic arid, dry and very little of sub-humid and located between Mediterranean basin, Negev, desert Sinai and Red Sea region. We took 300 samples of different species plants from Wadi Al-Quf Nursery Reserve. In the statistical treatment we obtained two large groups in the cluster; group (A), representing forests, copses and high shrub lands influenced by climate (climatophilous); and group (B), representing pino copses which are influenced by climatophilous. We have three associations limited as Pistacio lentisci-Quercetum lokii Ighbareyeh J. M. H., A. A. Suliemieh, A. Cano-Ortiz & E. Cano nova. hoc loco., Ceratonio siliquae-Quercetum callipinii ass. nova. and Pino halepensis-Cupressetum sempervirentis ass. nova., with a three alliance as Pistachio- Quercion lokii, Ceratonio siliquae -Quercion calliprinae and Pino halepensis-Cupression sempervirentis.
Abstract: This paper presents a vegetation study of the Wadi Al-Quf Nursery Reserve territories of the west-north of Hebron-Palestine. These site is a very important at a local level of species of plant and flora with a high endemicity average. The floristic analysis revealed the existence of 82 species, of which 16 (19.51%) are endemic and ninety plots of v...
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Allelopathy of Sorghum Residues on Weed Establishment Is Affected by Hybrid, Phenolic Acid Contents and Environment
Robert John Kremer,
Timothy Martin Reinbott
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2021
Pages:
25-31
Received:
4 January 2021
Accepted:
5 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: Sorghum species are well known for allelopathic potential toward weeds and other crops. Sorghum above-ground residues mediate allelopathic activity through production and release of many allelochemicals including phenolic acids. Information is limited on selection of grain sorghum hybrids with high allelopathic potential and assessment of sorghum residue phenolic activity in soil under field conditions. This study was carried out to investigate several grain sorghum hybrids for allelopathic potential for suppressing weed growth in the field in the subsequent growing season; and to investigate the involvement of phenolic substances released into soil on the establishment of weeds. The weed seedbank was affected by environmental conditions that led to different weed densities subjected to suppression by residues in soil. Differential allelopathy was identified among the sorghum hybrids suggesting that improved selection may increase production and release of allelochemicals in new hybrids to control weeds inexpensively, easily, and environmentally friendly. Tillage type (till vs no-till) had variable effects on weed suppression. Soil type, environment, sorghum hybrid traits and cultural practices complicate the use of allelopathy in weed control and benefits gained from this potentially environment friendly weed control practice. Well-planned management will be required to successfully integrate allelopathic crops into sustainable crop production.
Abstract: Sorghum species are well known for allelopathic potential toward weeds and other crops. Sorghum above-ground residues mediate allelopathic activity through production and release of many allelochemicals including phenolic acids. Information is limited on selection of grain sorghum hybrids with high allelopathic potential and assessment of sorghum r...
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