-
Inferential Sensor for Estimation of the Concentration of Benzene in the Distillation Column Using TSK Fuzzy System Based on Modified Clustering Approach
Babak Ghanaati,
Mehdi Shahbazian
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
122-129
Received:
23 July 2017
Accepted:
21 August 2017
Published:
5 November 2017
Abstract: An inferential sensor is a computer program used for inferring the process variables, which are very hard to measure from the available measurement data. Measurement noises can affect the quality of the data which can be improved by wavelet denoising method. The objective of this paper is to design an inferential sensor for estimation of Benzene concentration in a typical distillation column. Selection of the most relevant input variables for estimation can improve the performance of inferential sensor which is done by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. In this paper an inferential sensor is proposed based on a novel modification of the nearest neighbor distance-based clustering for developing a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy model optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed technique was compared against the conventional nearest neighbor distance-based clustering approach optimized by PSO. The simulation results confirm that the designed inferential sensor based on the proposed method is more accurate even for a noisy data set.
Abstract: An inferential sensor is a computer program used for inferring the process variables, which are very hard to measure from the available measurement data. Measurement noises can affect the quality of the data which can be improved by wavelet denoising method. The objective of this paper is to design an inferential sensor for estimation of Benzene co...
Show More
-
Chemical Investigation of Alkaleri Kaolin Deposit for Its Potential Industrial Applications
Zerendu Chikaodinaka Christian,
Ameji John Philip,
Haruna Muhammad Idris,
Zaharaddeen Shehu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
130-134
Received:
11 September 2017
Accepted:
26 September 2017
Published:
11 November 2017
Abstract: The kaolin sample from Alkaleri in Bauchi State was analyzed to ascertain its metal and metal oxides content and to investigate their potential use for industrial purposes. Neutron activation analysis technique was used for the metals while the turbimetric and Molybdenum Blue methods were used to determine the sulphates and phosphates respectively. The result showed that the Alkaleri kaolin with Fe (1.3 x 10-3%), K2O(0.53%), Na2O( 0.018%), TiO2 (4.6x10-4%), meets the specification for paper, ceramics, rubber, porcelain, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and glaze production but its alumina content is slightly below the minimum requirement for these uses except for rubber for which the content is within the specified value and for tiles for which the value is slightly above the specification. The combination of sulphate and phosphate contents which are 4.71% and 2.18ppm respectively could increase their absorbing property and makes them more useful for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. The pH value of the kaolin was found to be 4.3 which makes it unsuitable for most industrial purposes, e.g. rubber and plastic production, the pH need to be increased to 5-7 range (the preferred value for most industrial uses). The nitrate and chloride contents indicated values of 18ppm and 0.3ppm respectively.
Abstract: The kaolin sample from Alkaleri in Bauchi State was analyzed to ascertain its metal and metal oxides content and to investigate their potential use for industrial purposes. Neutron activation analysis technique was used for the metals while the turbimetric and Molybdenum Blue methods were used to determine the sulphates and phosphates respectively....
Show More
-
Maximizing Stability in Industrial Enzymes: Rational Design Approach – A Review
Abubakar Muhammad Nazif,
Ayuba Yohanna Musa,
Muhammad Muawiya Alkali,
Ilesanmi Esther
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
135-139
Received:
13 September 2017
Accepted:
26 September 2017
Published:
13 November 2017
Abstract: Indigenous enzymes found in nature have found wide application in industries ascribable to their ability to catalyze complex chemical processes under moderate experimental and environmental conditions. However, the use of indigenous enzymes is yet to achieve the needed industrial goal for, indigenous enzymes are readily unstable when subjected to harsh environmental conditions. Since the emergence of recombinant DNA technology and recent developments in protein engineering in recent years, there have been continuous reports regarding enzyme stability – most especially by the introduction of site-directed mutagenesis. With these new developments, scientists have been able to engineer enzymes using a variety of strategies in rational design such as the introduction of disulfide bridges and engineering hydrophobic residues. This review aims to highlight rational design methods and enzyme immobilization from various studies, which may be used to increase stability in industrial enzymes.
Abstract: Indigenous enzymes found in nature have found wide application in industries ascribable to their ability to catalyze complex chemical processes under moderate experimental and environmental conditions. However, the use of indigenous enzymes is yet to achieve the needed industrial goal for, indigenous enzymes are readily unstable when subjected to h...
Show More
-
Firing Resistance of Ordinary Portland Cement Pastes Incorporated a Waste of Building Bricks
Hassan Hassanien Mohamed Darweesh
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
140-146
Received:
24 July 2017
Accepted:
21 August 2017
Published:
17 November 2017
Abstract: Addition of fine materials, as clay bricks or Homra (H) to Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is evidently increases resistance to firing. Effect of firing temperature on physical, mechanical properties and phase composition of cement pastes is investigated. H can react with lime liberated from hydration of OPC. This improves morphology and microstructure of formed hydration products. OPC cement was partially substituted by 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 wt.% H. Cement pastes were subjected to firing for 3 hours at temperatures 100, 200, 300 400, 500 and 600°C. Results showed that loss on ignition of various cement pastes increased with temperature as well as with H. Density decreased with temperature up to 400°C, while porosity increased, Above 400°C, density increased and porosity decreased. Compressive strength of OPC pastes increased with temperature up to 500°C and then decreased. Those incorporated H increased only up to 400°C and then decreased. Hardened cement pastes with 15% H recorded highest compressive strength value at 400°C while the OPC at 500°C. SEM images showed a microstructure of well-developed crystals of CSH and CAH. Ca(OH)2 are spreading in matrix at temperatures up to 400°C. There are some cracks at 600°C.
Abstract: Addition of fine materials, as clay bricks or Homra (H) to Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is evidently increases resistance to firing. Effect of firing temperature on physical, mechanical properties and phase composition of cement pastes is investigated. H can react with lime liberated from hydration of OPC. This improves morphology and microstruct...
Show More
-
Eco – Friendly Removing of Some Heavy Metals Via Morusnigra Leaves
Said Milad,
Mohamed Ezeldin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
147-153
Received:
11 August 2017
Accepted:
11 September 2017
Published:
17 November 2017
Abstract: The main objective of this research is using of Morusnigra leaves powder as adsorptive material for remove of some heavy metals ions, practically Pb(ii), Cu(ii), Mn(ii) and Co(ii). The efficiency of Morusnigra leaves powder was investigated to remove these heavy metals ions form their solutions and wastewater. The parameters such as weight of adsorptive material (g) and Metal ion concentration are investigated in the constant time and pH. The results showed that as weight of adsorptive material increased the removal % was increased. Therefore, the higher removal % for Pb(ii), Cu(ii), Mn(ii) and Co(ii) was found to be 91, 85, 83 and 67 respectively.
Abstract: The main objective of this research is using of Morusnigra leaves powder as adsorptive material for remove of some heavy metals ions, practically Pb(ii), Cu(ii), Mn(ii) and Co(ii). The efficiency of Morusnigra leaves powder was investigated to remove these heavy metals ions form their solutions and wastewater. The parameters such as weight of adsor...
Show More
-
Effect of the Operating Parameters on the Magnetic Filter Constructed from the Granular Beds
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
154-157
Received:
27 July 2017
Accepted:
28 August 2017
Published:
28 November 2017
Abstract: In this article, magnetizing properties of the packed beds constructed from ferromagnetic spheres and chips were investigated experimentally in order to determine some effect of the separation efficiency of the magnetized granular beds. Effects of the external magnetic field intensity, filter length and cycle number on the effectiveness of electromagnetic filtration of both solutions were also investigated. It was found that the capturing capacity of the processed particles in the filter increases with increasing external magnetic field intensity, filter length and cycle number until the filter reached to its saturation at this point.
Abstract: In this article, magnetizing properties of the packed beds constructed from ferromagnetic spheres and chips were investigated experimentally in order to determine some effect of the separation efficiency of the magnetized granular beds. Effects of the external magnetic field intensity, filter length and cycle number on the effectiveness of electrom...
Show More
-
Physicochemical Analysis of Underground Water in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Apampa Sulaiman Ayodeji,
Salisu Abubakar,
Eze Samuel
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
158-162
Received:
14 August 2017
Accepted:
28 August 2017
Published:
28 November 2017
Abstract: This study indicates the physicochemical analysis of borehole water in Zaria metropolis of Kaduna State. 25 boreholes were used which were randomly selected. The study areas include Zaria city, Sabon-Gari, Jos road, Danmagaji, and GRA Zaria and a total of 25 water samples from the pumped boreholes water were collected from these areas and labeled (A1 - A5), (B1 – B5), (C1 – C5), (D1– D5) and (E1 – E5) respectively. The result obtained revealed that: all samples has moderate temperature of 27-29°C. However, the pH results showed that only 5 samples were highly alkaline with pH values above 7.0 while the remaining 20 are slightly acidic. Sample A5 shows the highest electrical conductivity of 1788Ns while sample C3 and C4 has the least values of 41us and 37us respectively. The remaining 22 have irregular conduction values. Similarly, the results of the total hardness show that Zaria city has the highest hardness while Jos road has the least hardness. The remaining 19 show varied hardness. The result of the total dissolved solid (TDS) showed that all the water samples used for this study has little or more dissolved solids with A5 being the highest (682mg/l) and C4 the least (20.2mg/l). In conclusion, all the borehole samples failed to meet the zero coliform per 100ml set by WHO. The study therefore recommends that members of these communities should as much as possible ensure they purify their borehole water before consumption.
Abstract: This study indicates the physicochemical analysis of borehole water in Zaria metropolis of Kaduna State. 25 boreholes were used which were randomly selected. The study areas include Zaria city, Sabon-Gari, Jos road, Danmagaji, and GRA Zaria and a total of 25 water samples from the pumped boreholes water were collected from these areas and labeled (...
Show More
-
On ve-Degree and ev-Degree Zagreb Indices of Titania Nanotubes
Murat Cancan,
Mehmet Şerif Aldemir
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
163-168
Received:
18 July 2017
Accepted:
13 October 2017
Published:
30 November 2017
Abstract: Titania nanotubes are among the most investigated nanomaterials relating to their common applications in the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant, gas sensing and catalytic molecules. Topological indices which are graph invariants derived from molecular graphs of molecules are used in QSPR researches for modelling physicochemical properties of molecules. Topological indices are important tools for determining the underlying topology of a molecule in view of theoretical chemistry. Most of the topological indices are defined by using classical degree concept of graph theory. Recently two novel degree concepts have been defined in graph theory: ve-degrees and ev-degrees. By using both novel graph invariants, as parallel to their classical degree versions, the ev-degree Zagreb index, the ve-degree Zagreb indices and the ve-degree Randić index have been defined very recently. In this study the ev-degree Zagreb index, the ve-degree Zagreb indices and the ve-degree Randić index of titania nanotubes were computed.
Abstract: Titania nanotubes are among the most investigated nanomaterials relating to their common applications in the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant, gas sensing and catalytic molecules. Topological indices which are graph invariants derived from molecular graphs of molecules are used in QSPR researches for modelling physicochemical properties of mole...
Show More
-
Investigation on Phase Stability and Electrical Properties Bi2V1–xBixO5.5–x/2 (BIBIVOX) Solid Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT–SOFCs)
Elyas Sadeq Alaghbari,
Sameh Abdulgalil Shaher Alariqi,
Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al–Areqi,
Saba Beg,
Faria Khan Naqvi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
169-176
Received:
14 April 2017
Accepted:
5 May 2017
Published:
20 December 2017
Abstract: The solid– state fuel cell is the most widely adopted energy– generating technology in the world for which different oxide– ion conductors of pervoskite structures have been recently investigated for the application in the intermediate temperature– solid oxide fuel cells (IT–SOFCs). In the present work, samples of single substituted BIMEVOX i.e., BIBIVOX (Bi2V1–xBixO5.5–x/2) were prepared in the composition range 0 ≥ x ≥ 0.20 using bottom up sol–gel method. XRPD, FT–IR, DTA, SEM, EDS, and AC impedance spectroscopy were used for the investigation of the correlation between the structural phase stability and oxide– ion performance of the BIBIVOX materials. It has been found that orthorhombic, β, and incommensurate tetragonal, γ′–phases were stabilized at room temperature for compositions with x=0.15 and x=0.20, respectively. The enthalpy of β–γ and γ′–γ transition exhibited a general drop with increasing Bi content. The higher value of conductivity of the substituted compound as compared to the parent compound can be attributed to the increased oxygen vacancies generated as a result of cation doping. AC impedance spectroscopy reveals the fact that this ionic conductivity is mainly due to the grain contribution.
Abstract: The solid– state fuel cell is the most widely adopted energy– generating technology in the world for which different oxide– ion conductors of pervoskite structures have been recently investigated for the application in the intermediate temperature– solid oxide fuel cells (IT–SOFCs). In the present work, samples of single substituted BIMEVOX i.e., B...
Show More
