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Soft Computing Techniques for Various Image Processing Applications: A Survey
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
71-80
Received:
26 April 2020
Accepted:
22 May 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Soft computing techniques have found numerous applications in various domains of image processing and computer vision. This paper represents a survey on various soft computing methods’- fuzzy logic, neural network, neuro-fuzzy systems, genetic algorithm, evolutionary computing, support vector machine etc. - applications in various image processing areas. There are numerous applications of SC ranging from industrial automation to agriculture and from medical imaging to aerospace engineering, but this paper deals with the relevance and feasibility of soft computing tools in the area of image processing, analysis and recognition. The techniques of image processing stem from two principal applications namely, improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation and processing of scene data for automatic machine perception. The different tasks involved in the process include enhancement, filtering, noise reduction, segmentation, contour extraction, skeleton extraction etc. Their ultimate aim is to make understanding, recognition and interpretation of the images from the processed information available from the image pattern. There are many hybridized approaches like neuro-fuzzy system (NFS), fuzzy-neural network (FNN), genetic-fuzzy systems, neuro-genetic systems, neuro-fuzzy-genetic system exist for various image processing applications. Tools like genetic algorithms (GAs), simulated annealing (SA), and tabu search (TS) etc. have been incorporated with soft computing tools for applications involving optimization.
Abstract: Soft computing techniques have found numerous applications in various domains of image processing and computer vision. This paper represents a survey on various soft computing methods’- fuzzy logic, neural network, neuro-fuzzy systems, genetic algorithm, evolutionary computing, support vector machine etc. - applications in various image processing ...
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New Technologies of Directional Microphones for Hearing Aids
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
81-91
Received:
25 May 2020
Accepted:
11 June 2020
Published:
23 June 2020
Abstract: This paper describes new technologies of directional microphones for the practical hearing aids, referring to a front-delay direction microphone (DM), narrow beam DM, and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. Each of the DM technologies was researched against weaknesses of those existing DMs, such as imperfection in low level noise, short suppression to adjacent interference, and failing to simultaneously perceive multiple target voices. In order to eliminate them, the conventional DM architectures have been innovated: the front-delay DM exchanged the elements’ positions; the narrow beam DM employed binaural DMs to composite a relatively narrow lobe; the MVDR beamformer combined two types of processing in spatial and frequency domains; and the novel technologies are state-of-the-art beamformers for hearing aids. Based on some references related to the DM technologies and operation principles of the latest beamformers, we further researched the DM technologies, first proposed the implementing architectures, derived new gain equations of the relevant polar plots, accomplished the extensive experiments, and evaluated advantages and disadvantages of the DMs by the obtained evidences; then we confirmed that the new technologies could reach their expected goals. Meanwhile, we used the latest simulating software, Simulink of MatLab R2018b and audio edition software, SoundBooth, in our Lab computers.
Abstract: This paper describes new technologies of directional microphones for the practical hearing aids, referring to a front-delay direction microphone (DM), narrow beam DM, and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. Each of the DM technologies was researched against weaknesses of those existing DMs, such as imperfection in low level ...
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Design and Construction of a 3-Phase Induction Motor Wireless Control System
Daniel Kumi Owusu,
Christian Kwaku Amuzuvi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
92-102
Received:
20 June 2020
Accepted:
7 July 2020
Published:
17 July 2020
Abstract: Infrared (IR) wireless transmission technology has proven to be reliable in electric motor control. The existing control schemes for electric motors require the operator to be at the location of the motors or resort to the use of wired controls. Wired motor controls can fail due to objects falling on them and accidental disconnections. Also, voltage drops in the control wires are wasted in generating heat and increase the cost of electricity tariffs. Further, there is increase in labour cost and installation of wired motor control. Additionally, there are slips, trips and fall hazards associated with control trailing wires. In this research, a wireless control system for a three-phase, 415 V, 50 Hz, squirrel-cage induction motor is designed, simulated and implemented. The issues of voltage drop in control wires is minimised because of the reduced wires involved with this control scheme, thereby improving on the motor efficiency. The transmitter transmits IR signal to the receiver. There is a phototransistor in the receiver that receives the IR signal, amplifies it and decodes it with the help of a microcontroller. The output from the microcontroller is used to regulate auto-transformers to control the three-phase voltage to the motor. The designed system can wirelessly start, stop and change the speeds of induction motor for three successive speed levels. The receiver senses signal from the transmitter within a distance of 9 m. The system is designed to switch the motor into standby mode and then proceed to speeds one, two, three and then finally stop the motor. The developed infrared-based wireless transceiver can be adopted to control a three-phase, 415 V, 50 Hz, squirrel-cage induction motor at remote and inaccessible areas such as water treatment and three-phase separation plants.
Abstract: Infrared (IR) wireless transmission technology has proven to be reliable in electric motor control. The existing control schemes for electric motors require the operator to be at the location of the motors or resort to the use of wired controls. Wired motor controls can fail due to objects falling on them and accidental disconnections. Also, voltag...
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Research on Loss in Power Grid Induced by Three-Phase Imbalance
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
103-108
Received:
30 June 2020
Accepted:
Published:
10 August 2020
Abstract: The power quality problems in the power grid have some direct impact on the distribution network such as to increase the system's active power loss. There are many single-phase power users in the power distribution network which will inevitably cause the power quality problems such as three-phase imbalance. Three phase imbalance is widespread across the power grid and causes additional loss in the transformer and the transmission line. Therefore, the loss of the low-voltage distribution network is also increased rapidly, so it is of great significance to consider the loss of low-voltage distribution network under the disturbance of such a power quality problem. In this paper, the calculation method of the additional losses of the transmission line and the transformer in three-phase imbalance is derived theoretically. The accuracy of theoretical formula is verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform. Secondly, the simulation data of the additional loss generated in the transformer and the transmission line when the three-phase imbalance exists is comprehensively analyzed. Several cases of different unbalanced loads are considered in the paper. The additional value of the power loss relative to the balanced case which is caused by the three phase imbalance is the largest one for the case in which phase A and B have heavy load and phase C is light load and the absolute value of the power loss in this case is also the largest in three cases. The additional loss is not proportional to the total loss both for the transformer and the line. We verify that the additional loss caused by three-phase imbalance is dependent on the unbalanced degree. As the unbalanced degree is increasing, both the absolute value of the additional loss and the increment ratio of loss for the transformer and the line are enhanced simultaneously.
Abstract: The power quality problems in the power grid have some direct impact on the distribution network such as to increase the system's active power loss. There are many single-phase power users in the power distribution network which will inevitably cause the power quality problems such as three-phase imbalance. Three phase imbalance is widespread acros...
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