Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria
Jibrin Ahmadu,
Ogechukwu Franca Eze,
Ofigo Kesiena,
Bessie Hanis,
Fidelis Micheal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
38-45
Received:
31 January 2020
Accepted:
1 April 2020
Published:
31 August 2020
Abstract: This study has investigated the Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja. It assessed the impacts of abattoir waste disposal on Dei-Dei River, biological properties such as E-coli, Faecal Streptococci, Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Cryptosporidium Oocyst (Co), with results compared with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance and laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis at the upstream, revealed that at point 1, E.coli was 2.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 18cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 12.00 cfu/ml. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 20.00 cfu/ml and above the bench mark for raw water. The midstream of the study area, revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 3.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 25cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 2.00- cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 22.00 cfu/m, Co 1 log reduction l. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 9.00 cfu/ml. The result of the analysis of sample collected at the downstream of the study area revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 5.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 32cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml, Co 2 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 3.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 38.00 cfu/ml, Co1 log reduction and within the Benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 35.00 cfu/ml and Co 0.00 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively, while at Point 1 and Point 2, E.Coli and TCC were above the bench mark for raw water. Presence of these micro-biological components are indications that the surface water of the study area may likely be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarrhoea and cholera if used for drinking purpose. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of Abattoir waste into the river and at the river bank.
Abstract: This study has investigated the Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja. It assessed the impacts of abattoir waste disposal on Dei-Dei River, biological properties such as E-coli, Faecal Streptococci, Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Cryptosporidium Oocyst (Co), with results compared with WHO standards. Field me...
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Comparing the Bacteriological and Physicochemical Properties of House-hold Drinking Water in Uli and Assessing the Associated Public Health Implications
Umeaku Chinyelu Nkiru,
Chris-Umeaku Chiamaka Ijeoma,
Okeke Ugocukwu Chibeze,
Uzor Chiagoziem Ugonwa,
Samuel Adaora Kosisochukwu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
46-53
Received:
15 July 2019
Accepted:
4 October 2019
Published:
13 October 2020
Abstract: A study of the comparative analysis of house-hold drinking water quality in Uli, Anambra State was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli to evaluate the water, with a view to assessing the public health implication of water from these sources. Trips were made to living homes to obtain samples of their drinking water. Twenty Samples were used for the study. Ten samples were collected from homes that drank straight from the boreholes. Five samples were collected from those that drank sachet water and five from those that drank bottled water. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters were utilized using standard methods. Most probable number (MPN) technique was employed in the bacteriological analysis of the water samples. Biochemical tests were utilized in the identification of the microorganisms. Results based on the cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics, revealed the samples to contain three isolates identified as Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. The pH of all the treated water samples were neutral, pH of the borehole water samples was neutral. The temperature of the sachet water samples ranged between 22.5 – 23.5 whereas that the borehole water samples were 22°C – 22.2°C respectively. The total dissolved solid of the treated water samples ranged between 0.82mg/1 and 1.60mg/1, whereas that of the borehole water samples ranged between 7.07 – 20mg/l. The total suspended solids of the treated water samples were not detected whereas that of the borehole water samples ranged between 31 – 55mg/l. Results from total coliform counts for the samples were highest in the boreholes with a total coliform count of 2.4MPN per ml. Faecal coliform count was highest in the borehole samples. The presence of high faecal coliform count in the borehole samples could be attributed to the proximity of the boreholes to pit latrines at distances less than the 30m. This does not conform with WHO recommendations for safe drinking water. From the results, all the untreated drinking water sampled from Uli were unfit for human consumption. This could be responsible for the incessant gastroenteritis, staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, dysentery and Klebsiella pneumonia observed in Uli and environs. This study suggests that all the drinking water from various sources used by the inhabitants of Uli and environs should be treated before drinking.
Abstract: A study of the comparative analysis of house-hold drinking water quality in Uli, Anambra State was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli to evaluate the water, with a view to assessing the public health implication of water from these sources. Trips were made to living homes to obtain samples of t...
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A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants
Ifeoma Maryrose Odika,
Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi,
Njideka Veronica Nwankwo,
Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife,
Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
54-61
Received:
20 May 2020
Accepted:
4 June 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But studies have shown that in most developing countries like Nigeria, industries dispose their effluents without treatment. The pharmaceutical effluents can be treated using inorganic or natural coagulants. This paper reviewed some studies on the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents using natural coagulants which are low-cost, under-utilized, economic friendly and readily available. The coagulants reviewed include Moringa oleifera, Citrullus lanatus (Seed of watermelon), Treculia africana (African bread fruit), Phoenix dactylifera (Date), Zea mays (Corn or maize), Banana peels, Sesamum indicum (Beniseed). The studies were critically reviewed with respect to the type of natural coagulant used, method of application to the effluents and result obtained. The results from the studies reviewed revealed that the treatment efficiency was maximally achieved in each case when the natural coagulants were used in combined form (either with another natural coagulant or inorganic coagulant) in appropriate ratios. Treatment efficieny of pharmaceutical effluents is obtained by using combined natural coagulant.
Abstract: Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But stud...
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