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Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Children Admitted to Arsi Zone Gov’tal Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2016: Cross Sectional Study
Tolessa Kebede Bedo,
Birhanu Alemu Feseha
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
51-59
Received:
21 May 2020
Accepted:
10 June 2020
Published:
6 July 2020
Abstract: Background Malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world. It is responsible about 60% cause of death in under age of 5 years. Objective To assess feeding practice and factors associated with severe acute malnutrition in under age of 5 year children admitted to Arsi zone public Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods and Materials A cross sectional study design was conducted from July 2014 to June 2016 on age of 5 years children admitted to Arsi Zone Governmental Hospitals. The required number of samples was selected based on the registration and diagnosis. Data was collected by review of medical records and interview of the family member nearby during data collection. The data was manipulated and analyzed by using Epi. info version 3.5.4 for windows and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Results Out of one hundred fifty-one study subjects, 124 (82.1%) of them breastfed; but majority of them, 65.4% did not practice exclusive breast feeding. Maternal illiteracy had 2.46 times high risk and significant association with severe acute malnutrition (AOR=2.46, 95% CI, 1.4-42.4). Being age younger than 11 months also showed 5.97 times high risk and statistically significant association with severe acute malnutrition (AOR=5.97, 95% CI, 1.8-20). Children of governmental employee mother were 2.29 times high risk to be affected by marasmus (AOR=2.29, 95% CI, 1.4–3.86). Male children were 2.28 times higher risk to be affected by the case than female children (AOR=2.28, 95% CI, 1.1–4.9).
Abstract: Background Malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world. It is responsible about 60% cause of death in under age of 5 years. Objective To assess feeding practice and factors associated with severe acute malnutrition in under age of 5 year children admitted to Arsi zone public Hosp...
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Sensitivity and Specificity of Difficult Airway Parameters at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Tahir Aman Worji,
Abdurahman Tune Dedecho,
Getahun Molla Shonka,
Melese Meleku Kuruche,
Mohammed Suleiman Obsa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
60-64
Received:
7 June 2020
Accepted:
17 June 2020
Published:
17 July 2020
Abstract: Background: Maintenance of a patent airway is a primary responsibility of anesthesiologists. The difficulty of achieving a patent airway varies with anatomical and other individual factors, and identification of the patient with a difficult airway is vital in planning anesthesia management so that endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation can be achieved safely. Institutional based crossectional study design was conducted using systematic random sampling technique. Regular supervision and follow up was made. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value was calculated to confirm presence of difficulty airway. A total of 184 patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia were included into the study. The mandibular protrusion test, the use of stylet, neck mobility and mouth opening < 30 mm are the airway parameters found to the most sensitive tests. The combination of bedside airway parameters to predict difficult airway showed that Mallampati classes III & IV, Mandibular protrusion mouth opening < 30 mm, attempt > 3, and ineffective alternative technique were strongly associated with difficulty airway.
Abstract: Background: Maintenance of a patent airway is a primary responsibility of anesthesiologists. The difficulty of achieving a patent airway varies with anatomical and other individual factors, and identification of the patient with a difficult airway is vital in planning anesthesia management so that endotracheal intubation and positive pressure venti...
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An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Placement and the Sequential Shunting- in Neonatal Myelomeningocele
Md. Nowshad Ali,
Mst. Rokeya Khatun,
Shah Md. Ahsan Shahid,
Md. Kamruzzaman
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
65-70
Received:
5 February 2020
Accepted:
10 June 2020
Published:
4 August 2020
Abstract: A randomized control trail study has been designed and carried out during the period of July 2014 to October 2016 (27 months) in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Twenty Six (26) neonates with myelomeningocele were taken as sample volume. This study was under taken to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement and the sequential shunting. These patients were randomly selected for this study and divided in to two groups. Thirteen patients were undergone repair of myelomeningocele with simultaneous insertion of vetriculo-pritoneal shunt and another 13 patients were undergone only myelomeningocele repair, at first stage. Twelve (12) patients were developed hydrocephalus later that subsequently needed ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement on an average after 31 days. Simultaneous surgery had the advantage of exposing the patients to one rather than two operations. Duration of hospital stay has reduced seven days, though operation time has increased 44 minutes that has not affected the outcome. No difference did exist between two groups but those were shunted simultaneously appeared to enjoy clear benefit. There was significant difference of wound complications like wound breakdown and wound infection between two groups, but wound leakage exclusively occured seven patients in sequentially shunted patients. Shunt related complications were remained same in both groups. There was gross deviation of preoperative OFC (+5.15%) in sequentially shunted patients, which was improved after shunt placement (+2.04%). But, there was significant (P<0.001) difference of OFC between two groups on follow up. Ventricular diameter was rapidly increased (42.65 mm) after repair of myelomeningocele in sequential shunted patients that was reduced after shunt placement but remained at least 7 mm larger than the simultaneous shunted patients. This has also affected the expansion of cortical thickness of brain in sequentially shunted patients which was 3mm less than simultaneously shunted patients. This difference significantly (P<0.01) differ the intelligence quotient. Simultaneously shunted patients also enjoying better health (67%) than sequentially shunted (56%) patients. Simultaneous shunting avoided prolong periods of progressive hydrocephalus compared with those sequentially shunted, thereby averting further cerebral injury and improving intelligence and physical growth.
Abstract: A randomized control trail study has been designed and carried out during the period of July 2014 to October 2016 (27 months) in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Twenty Six (26) neonates with myelomeningocele were taken as sample volume. This study was under taken to evaluate the effectiveness of...
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Prevalence of Perinatal Mortality and Associated Factors Among Neonate Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Jimma Medical Center, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Abiru Neme,
Gadisa Bekele,
Gebeye Muleta
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
71-78
Received:
20 May 2020
Accepted:
1 June 2020
Published:
18 August 2020
Abstract: Background: Death of an infant in utero or at birth has been always a devastating experience for the mother and of the concern in clinical practice. Infant mortality remains a challenge in the care of pregnant women worldwide, but particularly for developing countries and the need to understand contributory factors is crucial for addressing appropriate perinatal health. Objective: To assess perinatal mortality and associated factors among neonate admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Jimma medical center, Jimma zone, Oromia region, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019. Method: One year retrospective study was conducted from April 10 to April 25, 2019 among neonate admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Jimma Medical center. All neonate admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from April 10 to April 25, 2019 was included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyses data by using SPSS version 21. The relationship between perinatal death and fetal or neonatal characteristics were analyzed. Significance association was made when p < 0.05. Results: There was 191 total neonates admitted and 186 were included in the study period. The rate of perinatal death was 29.6%. The majority 156 (83.9%) of mother mode of delivery were spontaneous vaginal delivery. The dominant cause of admission to NICU was Sepsis followed by low birth weight and prematurity while the least was Perinatal Asphyxia and congenital malformation. The common cause of death among those admitted to NICU was prematurity, sepsis which accounts 67.9% and 20.75% respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that the magnitude of perinatal death at Jimma University Medical Centre is high. Most of babies were dying because of prematurity and sepsis. Improving quality of antenatal care and increasing awareness of women’s about danger signs of pregnancy, important place to focus to initiate cascade of improvement in poor perinatal outcome is necessary.
Abstract: Background: Death of an infant in utero or at birth has been always a devastating experience for the mother and of the concern in clinical practice. Infant mortality remains a challenge in the care of pregnant women worldwide, but particularly for developing countries and the need to understand contributory factors is crucial for addressing appropr...
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Diabetic Retinopathy and the Risk Factors in South Sudan: A Six Months Study
Kenneth Lado Sube,
Joseph Daniel Lako,
Wani Gindalang Mena,
Oromo Francis Seriano,
Ader Macar Ader,
Richard Lado Lako,
Charles Ochero Langoya,
Anthony Yousepha Lasuba,
Justin Bruno Tongun,
Constatine Jervase Yak
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
79-84
Received:
17 July 2020
Accepted:
30 July 2020
Published:
20 August 2020
Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains as one of the global epidemic of Non Communicable Diseases. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), as one of its complications, has a prevalence of 35.4% worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for DR among DM patients attending Diabetic Clinic in Malakia Health Center, Juba, South Sudan. Design and Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in which diabetic patients attending Diabetic clinic, Malakia Health Center, were recruited for a period of Six months. All Diabetic patients were included and their demographic data recorded. Clinical data of duration of diabetes and hypertension were noted. Their Visual acuity, Blood pressure, Height, Weight, and Random blood sugar were measured. Eyes were examined and anterior segment diseases diagnosed. Funduscopy was done to determine posterior segment diseases and DR classified. Data were entered into SPSS version 22, analyzed and results expressed in statistical tables. Any result of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 108 patients and 216 eyes examined, males were 55.6% (60) and females 44.4% (48) with ages ranging from 23 to 75yrs, mean age of 51.1yrs (SD+/10.67). Patients with age 46-65 years had the highest 64.8% (70) and 18-35 years as the lowest 6.5% (8) with p>0.05. Most of these patients 39.8% (43) were from Kator block residential area with p>0.05. Type I DM were 27.8% (30) and Type II 72.2% (78) with p>0.05. DR prevalence was 13% (28) with NPDR the highest 11.6% (25) and PDR the lowest 0.5% (1) with p<0.05. No DR was 64% (139). DME was 7.4% (16) and cataract 3.7% (8). Risk factors for DR among the patients showed that the highest duration of DM was in >5yrs 68.5% (74) with p>0.05, uncontrolled blood glucose was 81.5% (88) with p>0.05, known hypertensive was 48.1% (52), high blood pressure (>120/80 mmHg) was 43.5% (41) with p>0.05 and BMI (>30kg/m2 was 23.1% (25) with p<0.05. There were 12% (25), 20% (44), and 68% (147) eyes blind, visual impairment and normal respectively due DR and the other eye conditions (p<0.05). Chi-square test showed BMI, BP and visual acuity were the only strongly associated to DR with P values of 0.007, 0.001 and 0.000 respectively. Conclusion: The study had shown, for the first time in South Sudan, the prevalence of DR as 13% with some of its risk factors. This will influence policy makers to develop strategies to improve management of DM and DR in the country.
Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains as one of the global epidemic of Non Communicable Diseases. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), as one of its complications, has a prevalence of 35.4% worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for DR among DM patients attending Diabetic Clinic in Malakia Health Cen...
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