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Analytical Evaluation of the Clinical Chemistry Analyzer AU 480 Beckman Coulter
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
59-62
Received:
12 October 2016
Accepted:
8 November 2016
Published:
10 December 2016
Abstract: Background: Method verification is a one-time process to determine performance characteristics before a test system is utilized for patient testing. Objective: To evaluate the analytical performance of five analytes-glucose (glu), cholesterol (chol), creatinine (crea), aspartate aminotransferase, (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on AU 480 Beckman Coulter clinical chemistry analyzer. Methods and Materials: Analytical evaluation of analyzer included the determination of within-run, within-laboratory imprecision, and Trueness. Beckman Coulter control level-one and control level-two, near medical decision points were used. It was done according to (CLSI) clinical laboratory standard institute (EP15-A2), which suggests two levels, run 3 times per run for 5 days (15replicates in all). Result: The results showed low within-run imprecision (level 1-ALT=1.5%, AST=1.3%, chol=0.5%, crea=0.2%, glu=0.7%, level 2- ALT=1.0%, AST=1.3%, chol=0.6%, crea=0.9%, glu=0.4%) and within-laboratory imprecision (level 1-ALT=2.6%, AST=0.9%, chol=0.7%, crea=0.2%, glu=0.8%, level 2- ALT=1.9%, AST=1.0%, chol=0.6%, crea=0.8%, glu=0.5%)and the assigned values were found to be within trueness verification intervals (level 1 at 95% CI: ALT=46.5U/L[22.7-66.6], AST=50.4U/L[29.1-76.5], chol=156mg/dl[107.1-197.1], crea=1.19mg/dl [0.96-2.03], glu=103mg/dl [69.8-136.3]) and (level 2 at 95% CI: ALT=133U/L [60.5-187.3], AST=148U/L [81.3-220.3], chol=285mg/dl [186.2-349.8], crea=5.35mg/dl [3.46-8.3], glu=239mg/dl [163-320.5]). Conclusion: AU 480 Beckman Coulter clinical chemistry analyzer is suitable for analytical measurement of analytes-AST, ALT, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose. If laboratories use CLSI and other guidelines, which are published on issues of biological variations, in addition to the manufacturer’s claims, it may help laboratories not to waste unnecessary time and money for repeating of experiment.
Abstract: Background: Method verification is a one-time process to determine performance characteristics before a test system is utilized for patient testing. Objective: To evaluate the analytical performance of five analytes-glucose (glu), cholesterol (chol), creatinine (crea), aspartate aminotransferase, (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on AU 480 B...
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Genetic Basis of Idiosyncratic Responses to Alcoholism
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
63-68
Received:
7 October 2016
Accepted:
11 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
Abstract: Aim: The scientific viewpoint of genetic polymorphisms associated with risk of alcoholism and its adverse individual behavioural reactions is the main focus of this review. A complex syndrome like alcoholism and its idiosyncrasy may not be entirely understood on the basis of pathophysiological concept of neurotransmission alone. While neuropharmacology explains the mechanism behind molecular basis of alcoholism, the variation in alcohol induced abnormal neurotransmission due to presence or absence of different gene variants or isoenzymes of a particular gene on the other hand is a strong indication of genetic predisposition to alcoholism. In this article the term alcohol is used as a generic name for ethanol, which is the main subject of this discussion. Conclusion: The concomitant untoward intrinsic toxicity associated with alcoholism that makes it a potential trigger to a myriad of abnormal behavioural reactions in not only dose dependent pattern but with strong genetic disposition arises majorly due to different modes and levels of genetic variation in metabolic enzymes.
Abstract: Aim: The scientific viewpoint of genetic polymorphisms associated with risk of alcoholism and its adverse individual behavioural reactions is the main focus of this review. A complex syndrome like alcoholism and its idiosyncrasy may not be entirely understood on the basis of pathophysiological concept of neurotransmission alone. While neuropharmaco...
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Protective Effect of Aged Garlic Extract Against the Oxidative Stress Induced by Acute Ionizing Irradiation on Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes in Rats
Kouam Foubi Brice Bertrand,
Chuisseu Djamen Dieudonné Pascal,
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré,
Samba Ngano Odette,
Mouelle Sone,
Tiedeu Alain Bertin,
Gonsu Fotsin Joseph
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
69-82
Received:
19 October 2016
Accepted:
11 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
Abstract: Ionizing radiations damage cells, tissues and organs among which the liver through a cascade of molecular events that are triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and nitrogen species (NS). Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) has been demonstrated to possess free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study has been focused in analyzing the properties of AGE against the lipid peroxidation and oxidative damages of rat liver tissues induced by acute radiation. Eight groups, five healthy male rats each were used (20 irradiated and 20 Sham Irradiated), among which some were receiving via gavages distilled water, the others AGE at different doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) and the rest vitamin E + Alpha Lipoïc Acid. Then, biochemical analyses, lipid peroxidation, total Protein and antioxidants assessment were made from blood samples and liver tissue homogenates. Exposure of rats to gamma radiation caused a significant increase in the level of Malondialdehyde, Nitrite, transaminase enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and Bilirubin (Total Serum Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin and Unconjugated Bilirubin) level while a significant decrease was recorded in serum total proteins, glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and total protein level. AGE treated rats revealed a significant improvement in all previous parameters. From these results, it can be concluded that AGE may have significant anti-radiation properties in rat’s liver after radiation exposure.
Abstract: Ionizing radiations damage cells, tissues and organs among which the liver through a cascade of molecular events that are triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and nitrogen species (NS). Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) has been demonstrated to possess free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the prese...
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Endoscopic Nasobiliary Drainage Help to Prevent the Postoperative Complications of ERCP for Choledocholith Removal
Zhu Qingyun,
Pan Xinting,
Wang Yunlong,
Liu Fuguo,
Sun Yunbo,
Li Liandi,
Yu Bangxu,
Jiang Wenbin,
Li Kun,
Wang Huimin,
Sui Na
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
83-86
Received:
15 August 2016
Accepted:
17 November 2016
Published:
17 December 2016
Abstract: Aims: In order to investigate the preventive effect of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) on the postoperative complications of ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for choledocholith. Methods: we collected 180 patients with choledocholith who received the treatment of ERCP for extracting stones between January 2007 and June 2009. All of the 180 patients were divided into two groups: the ENBD group which, including 80 patients, were placed with ENBD, and the control group, including the residual 100 patients, were not placed with ENBD. We measured the scrum amylase levels within 24 hours, before and after ERCP. Meanwhile, the incidences of hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis, cholangitis and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) were observed after ERCP. Results: The ENBD group shown lower scrum amylase levels after ERCP (225.78±178.62 vs. 563.08±201.24, P<0.05) than control group, while not significant difference existed between these two groups (130.25±35.20 vs. 145.35±45.34, P>0.05) before ERCP. At the same time, ENBD group were found with less incidences of hyperamylasemia (5% vs. 18%, P<0.05), acute pancreatitis (2.5% vs. 8%, P<0.05) and SOD (5% vs. 20%, P<0.05), but not different in cholangitis (2.5% vs. 3%, P>0.05) than control group. Conclusion: Out results suggested that ENBD can prevent the complications of hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis and SOD after ERCP effectively.
Abstract: Aims: In order to investigate the preventive effect of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) on the postoperative complications of ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for choledocholith. Methods: we collected 180 patients with choledocholith who received the treatment of ERCP for extracting stones between January 2007 and June 2009. All of t...
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The Role of Colostrum Feeding on the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Afambo District, Northeast Ethiopia: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Misgan Legesse Liben,
Taye Abuhay,
Yohannes Haile
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
87-91
Received:
9 September 2016
Accepted:
28 November 2016
Published:
29 December 2016
Abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) recommend colostrum feeding in the first few days after birth. Colostrum is the first milk containing proteins, vitamin A and maternal antibodies. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the role of colostrum feeding on the nutritional status of preschool children in Afambo district, Afar Region, Northeastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Afambo district of Afar Regional State from January 21 to February 05/2015. Anthropometric measurements (weight and length/height) were done for all study children. WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 was used to convert height and weight measures into z-scores using the WHO reference population. Then, Chi-square test statistic was used to test the association between colostrum feeding and child under nutrition. Results: A total of 370 mother-child pairs were included in the study. Ninety one percent of the study mothers had ever breastfed their index child. About 35% of the mothers discarded colostrums. The chi-square test showed that colostrum feeding was associated with the three indicators of child under nutrition (stunting, underweight and wasting). Conclusion: This study showed that colostrum feeding is associated with the lower probabilities of under nutrition among preschool children. Therefore, all health partners aimed at improving the nutritional status of preschool children should give emphasis on the importance of colostrum feeding in the study area.
Abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) recommend colostrum feeding in the first few days after birth. Colostrum is the first milk containing proteins, vitamin A and maternal antibodies. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the role of colostrum feeding on the nutritional status o...
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Patients Attending the Laquintinie Hospital Douala, Cameroon
Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong,
Therese Wirgham,
Mbi Alice Enekegbe,
Peter Thelma Ngwa Niba,
Frank Eric Tatsing Foka
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
92-96
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
3 December 2016
Published:
5 January 2017
Abstract: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health problem worldwide. Diseases caused by these microorganisms most often are difficult to treat consequently, present with severe outcomes. Despite the increase association of MRSA in most hospital acquired infections, surveillance systems to control the spread of these infections are lacking especially in the developing countries. The present study is part of a major study developed to trail the incidence of multidrug resistant pathogens in clinical settings using available resources, with the aim to gather relevant data for the management and control of nosocomial infections. The specific objective of the current study is therefore to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates from one of the largest hospitals in the country. This was a hospital based cross sectional study involving 114 participants, conducted between March and June 2016. Various clinical specimens were inoculated on to blood agar and mannitol salt agar and incubated at 35-37°C aerobically for 18-24 hours for the isolation of S. aureus. Isolates were identified using the catalase and coagulase tests. Sensitivity testing was done using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Out of 114 samples analysed, S. aureus was isolated from 33 (28.95%) while MRSA was detected in 15 (13.16%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance (80-100%) to penicillins and no resistance to amikacin, lincomycin and ofloxacin. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was also observed among MRSA isolates. MRSA and multidrug resistant S. aureus are common in the study site. Therefore, there is a need for the improvement of surveillance systems to monitor and curb the spread of these resistant pathogens.
Abstract: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health problem worldwide. Diseases caused by these microorganisms most often are difficult to treat consequently, present with severe outcomes. Despite the increase association of MRSA in most hospital acquired infections, surveillance systems to control the spread of these infections ar...
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Application of Nightingale Nursing Theory to the Care of Patient with Colostomy
Afsha Awalkhan,
Dildar Muhammad
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
97-101
Received:
30 October 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
Abstract: Nursing is distinct health care discipline and its practice is based on the paradigm of care. The theoretical foundation of discipline is rich of various, Grand and middle range theories and care models The clinical Domaine of discipline is a platform to test the theoretical aspect of discipline. Both theory and practice are reciprocal as theories generate from practice and return back to practice for testing. Florence nightingale was the pioneer nurse theorist and founder of modern nursing. Her theory of care which more than a century old is still appropriate for application to the care of patients undergoing a surgical operation colostomy. This paper is aimed to discuss the practical application of nightingale theory to the care of colostomy patient in hospital setting. Nursing process model of care was used to integrate nightingale theory to a clinical scenario. Successful attainment of care out comes achieved by application of nightingale theory to nursing care of patient with colostomy.
Abstract: Nursing is distinct health care discipline and its practice is based on the paradigm of care. The theoretical foundation of discipline is rich of various, Grand and middle range theories and care models The clinical Domaine of discipline is a platform to test the theoretical aspect of discipline. Both theory and practice are reciprocal as theories ...
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