Major Bacteria Species Surface Contaminants in Hospitals of Littoral Region, Cameroon
Takemegni Wandji Jonas Merlin,
Assob Nguedia Jules Clement,
Ateudjieu Jérôme,
Enow Orock George,
Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
26-34
Received:
19 May 2020
Accepted:
1 June 2020
Published:
16 June 2020
Abstract: Globally, the levels of healthcare-associated infections (nosocomial infections) are important high, and especially those due to bacterial are significant and costly. Healthcare environments provide a worrying reservoir for spreading infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Low and Middle-Income Countries may be particularly at risk, hence, the need to perform a timely assessment of surface contamination of bacterial origin in the major units of four different hospitals of the Littoral Region, Cameroon. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019. A simple random sampling was used to swap 10 selected equipment (treatment tables, operating tables, delivery tables, office tables, anesthesia equipment, surgical aspirators, oxygen concentrators, wheelchairs, patients and office chairs) and 10 materials (fans, patient bedside tables, patient bed rails, trolleys, door handles, negastoscopes, baby scales, air conditioners, Antiseptic container boxes, and covers) in the mornings after disinfection but before the start of work in each unit. After inoculation in four agar media consecutively (Eosine Methylene blue, Cled, Mannitol salt agar and the blood agar in segmented) and incubated in appropriate conditions, identification and confirmation were based on morphological characteristics of bacteria colonies, microscopy, and biochemical methods using API staph, strep, and 20ETM gallery Biomerieux. Of a total of 236 samples collected, 119 (50.4%) showed bacterial growth, 33 different species of which 62/119 (52.10%) were Gram-positive cocci, 57/119 (47.90%) Gram-negative bacilli. S. aureus, 45/119 (37.81%), E. coli 6/119 (5.04%), and Acinetobacter spp 4/119 (3.36%) were the most common contaminants. Patients’ bedside tables, office chairs, and patients’ bed rails were the highest contaminants respectively 14/119 (11.76%), 13/119 (10.92%) and 12/119 (10.08%). The Emergency units were the mainly contaminated area for Gram-positive cocci, 12/62 (19.35%) majority S. aureus 9/62 (14.51%) as most as Gram-negative non-Enterobacteriaceae 11/31 (35, 48%) with a predominance of C. meningoseptica and M. heamolytica both 2/31 (6.45%). Therefore for the Gram-negative bacilli Enterobacteriaceae family, the highest level of bacterial isolates was recovered in laboratory 7/26 (26.92%), in which E. coli was predominantly reported 4/26 (15.38%). However, S. aureus was the only species found in all hospitals and units. This high level of contamination in various key units in these hospitals is a serious risk of infections with leading to complicated and cost healthcare. This work will help clinical care and decision making to take appropriate actions to improve sanitation and ensure control measures to limit the spread of hospital-acquired infections.
Abstract: Globally, the levels of healthcare-associated infections (nosocomial infections) are important high, and especially those due to bacterial are significant and costly. Healthcare environments provide a worrying reservoir for spreading infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Low and Middle-Income Countries may be particularly at ...
Show More
Clinical Profile of Respiratory Distress in Newborn in Chhattisgarh, India
Ashish Wanare,
Pradeep Agrawal,
Guruveerajeysingh Malini,
Mitesh Chawda,
Ganpat Jha,
Ravi Pandey,
Bhushan Khadse,
Hitav Someshwar,
Akshay Patil
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
35-42
Received:
13 May 2020
Accepted:
19 June 2020
Published:
10 August 2020
Abstract: Present study was a Hospital based observational study of 100 newborns admitted in level II NICU. The study was done to assess the development of severe distress against onset, duration, oxygen requirement & outcome in terms of final diagnosis, mortality & treatment intervention. Among the 100 cases, 90% cases were of respiratory in origin. Commonest cause of respiratory distress was transient tachypnoea of newborn followed by Meconium aspiration syndrome & Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn. The onset of respiratory distress in newborn developing after 6 hours of birth & respiratory distress > 24 hours duration had severe respiratory distress. Newborn with risk factors like high maternal age, primigravida, >4 PV examinations, Meconium stained liquor and lower socioeconomic strata developed severe respiratory distress. Statistically significant correlation of severity of respiratory distress was not found with the mode of the delivery, Apgar score <7 at 1 min, gestational age of the baby, birth weight and sex of the newborn. Only neonates with RDS & MAS required ventilator care. Two of the patients of RDS required only surfactant therapy, while other two required surfactant with ventilator support. Amongst the 100 newborns with respiratory distress, mortality was in 5 newborn (5%) which includes 2 of Respiratory Distress Syndrome & 3 of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome.
Abstract: Present study was a Hospital based observational study of 100 newborns admitted in level II NICU. The study was done to assess the development of severe distress against onset, duration, oxygen requirement & outcome in terms of final diagnosis, mortality & treatment intervention. Among the 100 cases, 90% cases were of respiratory in origin. Commone...
Show More
Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature
Sophia Kahouli,
Azelarab Masrar,
Leila Hessissen,
Maria Kababri,
Amina Kili,
Mohamed El Khorassani
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
43-48
Received:
27 June 2020
Accepted:
4 August 2020
Published:
13 August 2020
Abstract: The discovery of anemia in children requires a rigorous approach to determine its etiology. This approach is essentially based on the biological analysis of the haemogram and the blood smear. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the vital interest of the blood smear in the diagnosis of anemia in children and to sensitize clinicians and biologists to the value of an adequate interpretation of the blood count. It is indeed a prospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with the Central Hematology Laboratory of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat, from May to July 2019. This study involved 100 cases of anemic infants and children who underwent a blood count and a blood smear. Childhood anaemia is predominantly male (56%), the most represented age group is between 1 month and 5 years (34%), according to the Hb rate, moderate anaemia is the most frequent (51%), the type of anaemia most found is 10%, the most common hue abnormality is the presence of annulocytes (37%), the anomalies of the are diverse but the most dominant are the presence of schizocytes (81%) followed by elliptocytes (68%), only basophilic wells are present as intraerythrocytic inclusions (1%). Our results are consistent with those in the literature and illustrate the vital interest of the hematologist in the diagnosis of the child.
Abstract: The discovery of anemia in children requires a rigorous approach to determine its etiology. This approach is essentially based on the biological analysis of the haemogram and the blood smear. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the vital interest of the blood smear in the diagnosis of anemia in children and to sensitize clinicians and biologists...
Show More
