Determinants of Inflation in Africa: A Systematic Review
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
59-63
Received:
4 September 2020
Accepted:
25 September 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Inflation refers to increase in general level of price of a basket of goods and services that is representative of an economy over a period of time. When there is a general rise in price level the entire economy will be affected. Rising price known as inflation impact the cost of living, the cost of doing business, borrowing money and every other facet of the economy. Several factors are responsible for rise in price level in a given country/nation. The main aim of this study is to assess the determinants of inflation in Africa based on empirical studies conducted in the past and give insights for other researchers. For this purpose, concentrated and careful literature review was done on 13 papers conducted in 13 African countries. Seven variables were considered for analysis such as broad money supply, GDP, price of imported goods and services, exchange rate, interest rate, price expectation and population growth. The result shows that output/national income, broad money supply, price of imported goods and services and exchange rate are the critical variables affecting the performance of inflation. The others variables: interest rate, price expectation and population growth are also slightly important in explaining inflation. In the literature selected for review it is observed that almost all are used macro variables without considering other factors such as political, social institutional and others. The study finally recommends that countries should seriously work in creating moderate inflation to grow their economy by increasing their national income in addition to stable fiscal and monetary policy and also focusing on the aforementioned factors is crucial. I declare that this is my own work and it is original.
Abstract: Inflation refers to increase in general level of price of a basket of goods and services that is representative of an economy over a period of time. When there is a general rise in price level the entire economy will be affected. Rising price known as inflation impact the cost of living, the cost of doing business, borrowing money and every other f...
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Impacts of the New - generation Free Trade Agreements on Vietnam's Finance and Banking Sector
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
64-71
Received:
10 November 2020
Accepted:
25 November 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: In recent years, many countries around the World have intensified the signing of multilateral and bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to create free trade areas after agreements within the WTO standstill. Not outside this trend, Vietnam has negotiated and signed many FTAs with many countries around the World. Notable are the new-generation FTAs in recent years with European countries (European Union - Vietnam Free Trade Agreement - EVFTA) or Pacific area (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership - CPTPP). These new - generation FTA have significant impacts on all socio-economic activities of Vietnam, especially in the field of finance and banking. They will not only open the market for investors from EU or other countries but also give the Vietnamese clients have chance to use more kinds of products and services in banking and financing field. In the framework of this article, the author will analyze more detail the impacts of the new - generation FTAs on financial and banking activities of Vietnam. Base on this analysis, author will give the conclusions and propose some solutions to implement better the new generation FTAs’ advantages for Vietnam Finance – Banking sector. To finish this paper, the author used many methodologies research such as analyzing, comparison, refer the legal documents, survey questionnaire also used for the study. Moreover, various modelling approaches and levels of aggregation have been used for analysing industrial location such as ordinary least squares.
Abstract: In recent years, many countries around the World have intensified the signing of multilateral and bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to create free trade areas after agreements within the WTO standstill. Not outside this trend, Vietnam has negotiated and signed many FTAs with many countries around the World. Notable are the new-generation FTAs ...
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Semiconductor Sensor for Hydrogen Sulfide on the Basis of Tungsten and Copper Oxides
Abdurakhmanov Ilxom Eergashboyevich,
Begmatov Rizamat Khushvaqtovich,
Abdurakhmanov Ergashboy,
Kholboev Orif Nurmatovich
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
72-79
Received:
5 March 2020
Accepted:
20 March 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is one of the main toxic and explosive components of atmospheric air, found in the waters of mineral springs, volcanic gases, and petroleum and natural gas fields. It is used in the production of sulfur, sulfuric acid, mineral fertilizers, sulfides, organosulfur compounds, in analytical chemistry and medicine. Н2S is an active poisonous substance of neuroparalytic action. Upon inhalation of 1.0 mg/l and higher hydrogen sulfide, poisoning with it can develop almost instantly: convulsions and loss of consciousness end in quick death from respiratory and cardiac attack. The maximum permissible concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air of production zones is 10 mg/m3. The presence of hydrogen sulfide in environmental objects is a serious danger, both from an environmental and technical point of view. Its presence causes chemical and electrochemical corrosion, is easily ignited (at 346°C), and in a mixture with air explodes. Explosive concentrations in the mixture with air are at the level of 4.3-45.5%. With regards above mentioned the control of pre-explosion and fire-hazardous concentrations of hydrogen sulfide is one of the most important tasks of safety and solving various fire-fighting measures. A method for increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of semiconductor methods for determining hydrogen sulfide is proposed, based on the use of optimal values of the sensor temperature and the composition of the gas-sensitive material of catalysts with inadequate activity to different components of the gas mixture. As a result of the conducted experiments, a selective semiconductor hydrogen sulfide sensor was developed, which provides rapid determination of hydrogen sulfide in a wide range of its concentration in atmospheric air and process gases. The main metrological characteristics and operational parameters of the developed selective semiconductor sensors for the determination of hydrogen sulfide are evaluated. Selectivity, measurement range and basic errors, additional sensor errors due to changes in ambient temperature and pressure are studied. The change in the flow rate of the gas mixture in the studied interval (5-50 l/h) does not significantly affect the value of the sensor output signal. Scope of the developed sensors: environmental monitoring of atmospheric air and process gases. The developed semiconductor hydrogen sulfide sensors are not inferior in accuracy and reproducibility to well-known foreign analogues, while retaining the following characteristics: expressiveness, portability, ease of manufacture and operation. The value of the relative standard deviation (Sr) due to immutable components does not exceed 0.05. The output signal of the sensors also does not depend on the location in space and the angles of inclination, which makes it possible to classify the developed sensors (according to GOST-13320-82) as independent.
Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is one of the main toxic and explosive components of atmospheric air, found in the waters of mineral springs, volcanic gases, and petroleum and natural gas fields. It is used in the production of sulfur, sulfuric acid, mineral fertilizers, sulfides, organosulfur compounds, in analytical chemistry and medicine. Н2S is an active pois...
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