-
Greening Cold Fusion as an Energy Source for Water Treatment Distillation - A Perspective
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-5
Received:
13 July 2019
Accepted:
4 August 2019
Published:
16 August 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This paper presents the concept of using energy generated from the cold fusion process in water treatment distillation. Even if solar energy remains the greenest one, the huge energy liberated from the cold fusion phenomenon suggests its utilization in the distillation process to gain energetic efficiency in terms of cost and time. Ten years ago, cold fusion specialists announced that they possess solid proof that ambient temperature fusion is genuine. Throughout employing the concept of cold fusion, the power plants possess distinctive benefits over the still hypothetical thermonuclear fusion. With a large success, compact cold fusion set-ups will be utilized on ships, in aircrafts, and in near and outer space travels. That, in principle, is inaccessible for the giant thermonuclear installations. For using cold fusion in water treatment industry, this is only an idea presented at its birth stage. Great work remains to be accomplished with a view to present the cold fusion process as an eco-friendly technology for producing energy for water treatment distillation. In fact, greening cold fusion as an energy source for water treatment distillation may be considered as a promising perspective. However, the term “greening” means here a process without any nuclear hazards and inherent pollutions.
Abstract: This paper presents the concept of using energy generated from the cold fusion process in water treatment distillation. Even if solar energy remains the greenest one, the huge energy liberated from the cold fusion phenomenon suggests its utilization in the distillation process to gain energetic efficiency in terms of cost and time. Ten years ago, c...
Show More
-
Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector
Yasser Ayad Kadhim,
Nada Farhan Kadhim,
Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
7-11
Received:
14 July 2019
Accepted:
13 August 2019
Published:
28 August 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common animals bones (beef, sheep, and chicken) by exposed the CN-85 detector to some grams of the samples filled in clear plastic cup (cup technique). The detectors were exposed to the samples for 60 days and then etched by water bath with 2.5N (NaOH) solution at 60°C. The results showed that the mean alpha emission rates of the samples were 50.85 Bq.m-2, 58.24Bq.m-2, and 67.99 Bq.m-2 for sheep, beef and chicken respectively. The highest alpha emission rate observed in chicken samples and the lowest rate of alpha emitters observed in sheep samples, and the optimum etching time of CN-85 when its used to detect the natural alpha particles is 40 mints.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common ...
Show More
-
A Study X-ray Crystal Structure of Compound 2-[Methylthio(morpholino)methylene]malononitrile, C9H11N3OS
Wedad Melad Al-Adiwish,
Mabrouka Mouloud Hamza,
Khairi Mohamed Hamza
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
12-16
Received:
28 July 2019
Accepted:
19 August 2019
Published:
2 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In this paper we reported the crystal structure of 2-[methylthio(morpholino)methylene]malononitrile (C9H11N3OS). The compound was obtained by crystallization reaction between 2-(bis(methylthio)methylene)malononitrile and morpholine. The structure of compound C9H11N3OS was identified by performing X-ray diffraction analysis. Suitable crystals were grown by slow crystallisation from ethanol for 24h. The compound C9H11N3OS crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of Pna21. In the title compound, C9H11N3OS, the two cyano groups and the morpholinyl ring adopt a cis-trans configuration of the C=C bond, showing an Z, E configuration. The morpholine ring is adopting chair conformation. In the compound C9H11N3OS, the central fragment S1/N3/C2/C9, the morpholine ring O6/N3/O4/C5/C7/C8 and the 1,1-dicyanomethylen fragment N11/N13/C9/C10/C12 are almost planar. The central fragment makes dihedral angle of 23.11 (15)° with the 1,1-dicyano methylen fragment. The morpholine ring is twisted out of the plane of the central fragment as seen in the value of the C8—N3—C2—S1 torsional angle of 33.1 (3)°. The dihedral angle between the central fragment and the morpholine ring is 35.26 (12)°. In the crystal structure a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond C8—H(8 2)…S1 has been observed and intermolecular classical C(4)—H(41)...S(1), C(5—H(52)...S(1) and weak C(8)—(H81)...O(6) hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along the a axis.
Abstract: In this paper we reported the crystal structure of 2-[methylthio(morpholino)methylene]malononitrile (C9H11N3OS). The compound was obtained by crystallization reaction between 2-(bis(methylthio)methylene)malononitrile and morpholine. The structure of compound C9H11N3OS was identified by performing X-ray diffraction analysis. Suitable crystals were g...
Show More
-
Cross Linking-cyanoethylation for Chitosan Polymer for the Removal of Cr(III) and Co(II) Using Batch and Fixed Bed Column Methodsx
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
17-30
Received:
21 July 2019
Accepted:
13 August 2019
Published:
3 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Modified chitosan was prepared by reaction of cross-linked chitosan beads (CLCB) with acrylonitrile via cyanoethylation reaction of amino group which supports chitosan with nitrile groups, then the resulting cyanoethylated chitosan beads (CECB) were converted to chitosan-amidoxime chelating resin (CACR) via reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The resulted chelating resin was in the form of beads in order to be easy to capture heavy metals from water. Characterization was made using FTIR Spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), BET surface area, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption of cobalt and chromium from aqueous solution onto CACR has been investigated as a function of pH, metal ion concentration, contact time, metal ion concentration and temperature. Adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption capacity was dependent on operating variables which are minimally (47.84, 50.68mg/g) and maximally (600, 147.33 mg/g) for Cr(III) and Co(II) respectively. Results revealed that CACR has high affinity toward Co(II) and Cr(III) ions. The saturated adsorption capacities at 25°C were 147.33 and 600 mg/g resin for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models for Co(II) and Cr(III). The adsorption was well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model for Co(II) and Cr(III). The kinetic data indicated that adsorption fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for Co(II) and Cr(III). Equilibrium distribution coefficient was obtained at different temperatures Thermodynamic parameters showed that the sorption is endothermic, spontaneous and contributes to increase ∆S of the system. The adsorption performance of CACR toward Co (II) and Cr(III) using fixed bed column method was investigated under different conditions. Mathematical models of Adams–Bohart, Thomas and Yoon–Nelson were applied to the experimental data to analyze the column performance. The results fitted well to the Adams–Bohart, Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models.
Abstract: Modified chitosan was prepared by reaction of cross-linked chitosan beads (CLCB) with acrylonitrile via cyanoethylation reaction of amino group which supports chitosan with nitrile groups, then the resulting cyanoethylated chitosan beads (CECB) were converted to chitosan-amidoxime chelating resin (CACR) via reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride...
Show More
