International Journal of Immunology

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Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015

Received: 08 January 2017    Accepted: 17 January 2017    Published: 20 February 2017
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Abstract

As per recommendation from WHO, Bangladesh began a comprehensive plan for AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) and EPI (Expanded Program on Immunisation) disease surveillance from 1997. The country has been maintaining key performance indicators for AFP surveillance for the past ten years. Bangladesh has been declared polio free on 27th March 2014. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and describe results of AFP surveillance indicators for Bangladesh showing the progress made over time as well as identifying areas, which needs further improvements to maintain the polio free status. This retrospective study has been conducted using the surveillance data routinely collected from AFP cases on demographic characteristics and clinical & laboratory examination. Data of 7480 children less than 15 years old reported between January 2011 to December 2015 have been included in this study. Among all reported cases 59.22% cases were male children with a male: female ratio of 1.45:1. 54% of the reported AFP cases within the study period belong to 1-4 years of age. Among all reported cases, 56% have been diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome or GBS. Annual Non-Polio AFP rate has been successfully achieved nationally for each study year. Completeness and Timeliness of passive reporting from facilities have been satisfactory. 98% or more of all reported AFP cases within the study period has been investigated within 48 hours of notification. For over 95% of all reported AFP cases two stool samples were collected within 14 days of case reporting. 60 plus day follow up has been performed for at least 99% reported AFP cases within the study period. All epidemiological and laboratory surveillance indicators were successfully met for AFP surveillance. However it is important for Bangladesh to maintain long-term AFP case based surveillance along with introduction of Environmental surveillance due to the risk of poliovirus importation before global polio eradication.

DOI 10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13
Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017)
Page(s) 11-19
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AFP Surveillance, Surveillance Indicators, Polio Eradication, Bangladesh

References
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[25] Hanumaiah, H., et al., Non-polio Enteroviruses in Karnataka, India: Virological surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis cases (July 1997–2013). Indian journal of medical microbiology, 2016. 34 (1): p. 22.
[26] Hovi, T., et al., Role of environmental poliovirus surveillance in global polio eradication and beyond. Epidemiology and infection, 2012. 140 (1): p. 1.
[27] Pöyry, T., M. Stenvik, and T. Hovi, Viruses in sewage waters during and after a poliomyelitis outbreak and subsequent nationwide oral poliovirus vaccination campaign in Finland. Applied and environmental microbiology, 1988. 54 (2): p. 371-374.
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  • World Health Organisation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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    Khan Redzwan Habib. (2017). Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015. International Journal of Immunology, 5(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13

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    Khan Redzwan Habib. Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015. Int. J. Immunol. 2017, 5(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13

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    AMA Style

    Khan Redzwan Habib. Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015. Int J Immunol. 2017;5(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13,
      author = {Khan Redzwan Habib},
      title = {Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015},
      journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {11-19},
      doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20170501.13},
      abstract = {As per recommendation from WHO, Bangladesh began a comprehensive plan for AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) and EPI (Expanded Program on Immunisation) disease surveillance from 1997. The country has been maintaining key performance indicators for AFP surveillance for the past ten years. Bangladesh has been declared polio free on 27th March 2014. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and describe results of AFP surveillance indicators for Bangladesh showing the progress made over time as well as identifying areas, which needs further improvements to maintain the polio free status. This retrospective study has been conducted using the surveillance data routinely collected from AFP cases on demographic characteristics and clinical & laboratory examination. Data of 7480 children less than 15 years old reported between January 2011 to December 2015 have been included in this study. Among all reported cases 59.22% cases were male children with a male: female ratio of 1.45:1. 54% of the reported AFP cases within the study period belong to 1-4 years of age. Among all reported cases, 56% have been diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome or GBS. Annual Non-Polio AFP rate has been successfully achieved nationally for each study year. Completeness and Timeliness of passive reporting from facilities have been satisfactory. 98% or more of all reported AFP cases within the study period has been investigated within 48 hours of notification. For over 95% of all reported AFP cases two stool samples were collected within 14 days of case reporting. 60 plus day follow up has been performed for at least 99% reported AFP cases within the study period. All epidemiological and laboratory surveillance indicators were successfully met for AFP surveillance. However it is important for Bangladesh to maintain long-term AFP case based surveillance along with introduction of Environmental surveillance due to the risk of poliovirus importation before global polio eradication.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    AB  - As per recommendation from WHO, Bangladesh began a comprehensive plan for AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) and EPI (Expanded Program on Immunisation) disease surveillance from 1997. The country has been maintaining key performance indicators for AFP surveillance for the past ten years. Bangladesh has been declared polio free on 27th March 2014. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and describe results of AFP surveillance indicators for Bangladesh showing the progress made over time as well as identifying areas, which needs further improvements to maintain the polio free status. This retrospective study has been conducted using the surveillance data routinely collected from AFP cases on demographic characteristics and clinical & laboratory examination. Data of 7480 children less than 15 years old reported between January 2011 to December 2015 have been included in this study. Among all reported cases 59.22% cases were male children with a male: female ratio of 1.45:1. 54% of the reported AFP cases within the study period belong to 1-4 years of age. Among all reported cases, 56% have been diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome or GBS. Annual Non-Polio AFP rate has been successfully achieved nationally for each study year. Completeness and Timeliness of passive reporting from facilities have been satisfactory. 98% or more of all reported AFP cases within the study period has been investigated within 48 hours of notification. For over 95% of all reported AFP cases two stool samples were collected within 14 days of case reporting. 60 plus day follow up has been performed for at least 99% reported AFP cases within the study period. All epidemiological and laboratory surveillance indicators were successfully met for AFP surveillance. However it is important for Bangladesh to maintain long-term AFP case based surveillance along with introduction of Environmental surveillance due to the risk of poliovirus importation before global polio eradication.
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