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Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Manganese(VII) by Fluorene and Its Halogenated Derivatives in Neutral Organic Medium

Received: 10 September 2016    Accepted: 10 October 2016    Published: 01 November 2016
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Abstract

The kinetics of oxidation of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), by permanganate ion in neutral organic medium in the presence of phosphate buffer solution has been investigated at a constant temperature of 25°C. The progresses of the reactions were followed spectrophotometrically. The stoichiometry of the reactions was found to be 3:4 (fluorene: permanganate). The oxidation reactions exhibited a first order dependence in [permanganate] and less than unit order dependences with respect to fluorenes concentrations. Under comparable experimental conditions, the order of the oxidation rate of the fluorene derivatives was: Fl-Cl > Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br. The final oxidation products of fluorene derivatives were identified by GC/MS, FT-IR and chemical tools as the corresponding ketones (9H-fluorenone derivatives). The proposed oxidation mechanism involves formation of 1:1 intermediate complexes between fluorene derivatives and permanganate ion in pre-equilibrium step. The rate-law expression was deduced. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism were evaluated. The activation parameters associated with the second order rate constants were calculated and discussed.

DOI 10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11
Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016)
Page(s) 38-44
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fluorenes, Neutral Organic Medium, Oxidation, Permanganate, Kinetics, Mechanism

References
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Author Information
  • Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

  • Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

  • Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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    Ahmed Fawzy, Rabab J. Jassas, Saleh A. Ahmed, Rami J. Obaid, Ishaq A. Zaafarany. (2016). Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Manganese(VII) by Fluorene and Its Halogenated Derivatives in Neutral Organic Medium. Modern Chemistry, 4(4), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11

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    Ahmed Fawzy; Rabab J. Jassas; Saleh A. Ahmed; Rami J. Obaid; Ishaq A. Zaafarany. Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Manganese(VII) by Fluorene and Its Halogenated Derivatives in Neutral Organic Medium. Mod. Chem. 2016, 4(4), 38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11

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    AMA Style

    Ahmed Fawzy, Rabab J. Jassas, Saleh A. Ahmed, Rami J. Obaid, Ishaq A. Zaafarany. Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Manganese(VII) by Fluorene and Its Halogenated Derivatives in Neutral Organic Medium. Mod Chem. 2016;4(4):38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11,
      author = {Ahmed Fawzy and Rabab J. Jassas and Saleh A. Ahmed and Rami J. Obaid and Ishaq A. Zaafarany},
      title = {Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Manganese(VII) by Fluorene and Its Halogenated Derivatives in Neutral Organic Medium},
      journal = {Modern Chemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {4},
      pages = {38-44},
      doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20160404.11},
      abstract = {The kinetics of oxidation of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), by permanganate ion in neutral organic medium in the presence of phosphate buffer solution has been investigated at a constant temperature of 25°C. The progresses of the reactions were followed spectrophotometrically. The stoichiometry of the reactions was found to be 3:4 (fluorene: permanganate). The oxidation reactions exhibited a first order dependence in [permanganate] and less than unit order dependences with respect to fluorenes concentrations. Under comparable experimental conditions, the order of the oxidation rate of the fluorene derivatives was: Fl-Cl > Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br. The final oxidation products of fluorene derivatives were identified by GC/MS, FT-IR and chemical tools as the corresponding ketones (9H-fluorenone derivatives). The proposed oxidation mechanism involves formation of 1:1 intermediate complexes between fluorene derivatives and permanganate ion in pre-equilibrium step. The rate-law expression was deduced. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism were evaluated. The activation parameters associated with the second order rate constants were calculated and discussed.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Manganese(VII) by Fluorene and Its Halogenated Derivatives in Neutral Organic Medium
    AU  - Ahmed Fawzy
    AU  - Rabab J. Jassas
    AU  - Saleh A. Ahmed
    AU  - Rami J. Obaid
    AU  - Ishaq A. Zaafarany
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11
    T2  - Modern Chemistry
    JF  - Modern Chemistry
    JO  - Modern Chemistry
    SP  - 38
    EP  - 44
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-180X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20160404.11
    AB  - The kinetics of oxidation of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), by permanganate ion in neutral organic medium in the presence of phosphate buffer solution has been investigated at a constant temperature of 25°C. The progresses of the reactions were followed spectrophotometrically. The stoichiometry of the reactions was found to be 3:4 (fluorene: permanganate). The oxidation reactions exhibited a first order dependence in [permanganate] and less than unit order dependences with respect to fluorenes concentrations. Under comparable experimental conditions, the order of the oxidation rate of the fluorene derivatives was: Fl-Cl > Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br. The final oxidation products of fluorene derivatives were identified by GC/MS, FT-IR and chemical tools as the corresponding ketones (9H-fluorenone derivatives). The proposed oxidation mechanism involves formation of 1:1 intermediate complexes between fluorene derivatives and permanganate ion in pre-equilibrium step. The rate-law expression was deduced. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism were evaluated. The activation parameters associated with the second order rate constants were calculated and discussed.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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