Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe; Robinson Musembi; Mathew Munji; Benjamin Odari; Lawrence Munguti; Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa; John Nguu; Bernard Aduda; Boniface Muthoka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe, Robinson Musembi, Mathew Munji, Benjamin Odari, Lawrence Munguti, Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa, John Nguu, Bernard Aduda, Boniface Muthoka

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 7 August 2014 Accepted: 26 August 2014 Published: 10 September 2014

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Abstract

Pd-F:SnO2 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using an alcoholic precursor solution consisting of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5H20), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and palladium chloride (PdCl2). Optimization on the deposition parameters has been done in order to obtain high quality thin films. The effect of varying the fluorine content on the optical properties of Pd-F:SnO2 thin films were studied. Data for transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range from 300nm – 2500nm was measured using the solid spec 3700DUV spectrophotometer. The calculated optical band gap of the as prepared thin films has been found to range from 3.8eV to 4.11eV. Fluorine incorporation for Pd-F:SnO2 has been found to have a narrowing effect on the band gap, but at its higher concentration the band gap has been seen to increase. The band gap narrowing is due to the incorporation of F- ions in the crystal lattice therefore giving rise to donor levels in the SnO2 band gap which is an essential characteristic for the gas sensor applications. Both annealing and passivation have been found to have very insignificant change in optical band gap of Pd-F:SnO2.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
Page(s)	137-142
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Spray Pyrolysis, Fluorine Doping, Palladium Doping, Co-Doping, Palladium and Fluorine Co-Doping, Annealing, Passivation, Pd and F Co-Doped SnO2 (Pd-F:SnO2)

References

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APA Style

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe, Robinson Musembi, Mathew Munji, Benjamin Odari, Lawrence Munguti, et al. (2014). Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(5), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

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ACS Style

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe; Robinson Musembi; Mathew Munji; Benjamin Odari; Lawrence Munguti, et al. Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(5), 137-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

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AMA Style

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe, Robinson Musembi, Mathew Munji, Benjamin Odari, Lawrence Munguti, et al. Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(5):137-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11,
  author = {Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe and Robinson Musembi and Mathew Munji and Benjamin Odari and Lawrence Munguti and Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa and John Nguu and Bernard Aduda and Boniface Muthoka},
  title = {Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {137-142},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140305.11},
  abstract = {Pd-F:SnO2 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using an alcoholic precursor solution consisting of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5H20), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and palladium chloride (PdCl2). Optimization on the deposition parameters has been done in order to obtain high quality thin films. The effect of varying the fluorine content on the optical properties of Pd-F:SnO2 thin films were studied. Data for transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range from 300nm – 2500nm was measured using the solid spec 3700DUV spectrophotometer. The calculated optical band gap of the as prepared thin films has been found to range from 3.8eV to 4.11eV. Fluorine incorporation for Pd-F:SnO2 has been found to have a narrowing effect on the band gap, but at its higher concentration the band gap has been seen to increase. The band gap narrowing is due to the incorporation of F- ions in the crystal lattice therefore giving rise to donor levels in the SnO2 band gap which is an essential characteristic for the gas sensor applications. Both annealing and passivation have been found to have very insignificant change in optical band gap of Pd-F:SnO2.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2
AU  - Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe
AU  - Robinson Musembi
AU  - Mathew Munji
AU  - Benjamin Odari
AU  - Lawrence Munguti
AU  - Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa
AU  - John Nguu
AU  - Bernard Aduda
AU  - Boniface Muthoka
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 137
EP  - 142
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
AB  - Pd-F:SnO2 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using an alcoholic precursor solution consisting of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5H20), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and palladium chloride (PdCl2). Optimization on the deposition parameters has been done in order to obtain high quality thin films. The effect of varying the fluorine content on the optical properties of Pd-F:SnO2 thin films were studied. Data for transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range from 300nm – 2500nm was measured using the solid spec 3700DUV spectrophotometer. The calculated optical band gap of the as prepared thin films has been found to range from 3.8eV to 4.11eV. Fluorine incorporation for Pd-F:SnO2 has been found to have a narrowing effect on the band gap, but at its higher concentration the band gap has been seen to increase. The band gap narrowing is due to the incorporation of F- ions in the crystal lattice therefore giving rise to donor levels in the SnO2 band gap which is an essential characteristic for the gas sensor applications. Both annealing and passivation have been found to have very insignificant change in optical band gap of Pd-F:SnO2.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe

Department of Physics, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Robinson Musembi

Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Mathew Munji

Department of Physics, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Benjamin Odari

Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Lawrence Munguti

Department of Physics, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa

Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Science Technology and Environmental Studies, Open University of Tanzania, P.O. Box 31608, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
John Nguu

Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Bernard Aduda

Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Boniface Muthoka

Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya

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APA Style

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe, Robinson Musembi, Mathew Munji, Benjamin Odari, Lawrence Munguti, et al. (2014). Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(5), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

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ACS Style

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe; Robinson Musembi; Mathew Munji; Benjamin Odari; Lawrence Munguti, et al. Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(5), 137-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

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AMA Style

Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe, Robinson Musembi, Mathew Munji, Benjamin Odari, Lawrence Munguti, et al. Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(5):137-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11,
  author = {Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe and Robinson Musembi and Mathew Munji and Benjamin Odari and Lawrence Munguti and Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa and John Nguu and Bernard Aduda and Boniface Muthoka},
  title = {Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {137-142},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140305.11},
  abstract = {Pd-F:SnO2 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using an alcoholic precursor solution consisting of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5H20), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and palladium chloride (PdCl2). Optimization on the deposition parameters has been done in order to obtain high quality thin films. The effect of varying the fluorine content on the optical properties of Pd-F:SnO2 thin films were studied. Data for transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range from 300nm – 2500nm was measured using the solid spec 3700DUV spectrophotometer. The calculated optical band gap of the as prepared thin films has been found to range from 3.8eV to 4.11eV. Fluorine incorporation for Pd-F:SnO2 has been found to have a narrowing effect on the band gap, but at its higher concentration the band gap has been seen to increase. The band gap narrowing is due to the incorporation of F- ions in the crystal lattice therefore giving rise to donor levels in the SnO2 band gap which is an essential characteristic for the gas sensor applications. Both annealing and passivation have been found to have very insignificant change in optical band gap of Pd-F:SnO2.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Surface Passivation on Optical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Pd-F:SnO2
AU  - Patrick Mwinzi Mwathe
AU  - Robinson Musembi
AU  - Mathew Munji
AU  - Benjamin Odari
AU  - Lawrence Munguti
AU  - Alex Alfred Ntilakigwa
AU  - John Nguu
AU  - Bernard Aduda
AU  - Boniface Muthoka
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 137
EP  - 142
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.11
AB  - Pd-F:SnO2 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using an alcoholic precursor solution consisting of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5H20), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and palladium chloride (PdCl2). Optimization on the deposition parameters has been done in order to obtain high quality thin films. The effect of varying the fluorine content on the optical properties of Pd-F:SnO2 thin films were studied. Data for transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range from 300nm – 2500nm was measured using the solid spec 3700DUV spectrophotometer. The calculated optical band gap of the as prepared thin films has been found to range from 3.8eV to 4.11eV. Fluorine incorporation for Pd-F:SnO2 has been found to have a narrowing effect on the band gap, but at its higher concentration the band gap has been seen to increase. The band gap narrowing is due to the incorporation of F- ions in the crystal lattice therefore giving rise to donor levels in the SnO2 band gap which is an essential characteristic for the gas sensor applications. Both annealing and passivation have been found to have very insignificant change in optical band gap of Pd-F:SnO2.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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