The oxidation kinetics of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), using potassium permanganate in alkaline medium has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 and at 25 °C. A first order kinetics has been observed in these reactions with respect to [permanganate]. Fractional-first order dependences of the reactions on the [reductants] and [alkali] were revealed. No significant effect on the reaction rates by increasing ionic strength was recorded. Intervention of free radicals was observed in the reactions. The reactions mechanism describing the kinetic results has been proposed which involves formation of 1:1 intermediate complexes between fluorene derivatives and the active species of permanganate. The final reactions products were identified by GC/MS and FT-IR analyses in all cases as the corresponding ketones (9H-fluorenone derivatives). Under comparable experimental conditions, the order of the oxidation rate of fluorine derivatives was: Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br > Fl-Cl. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the reactions mechanism have been evaluated. With admiration to rate-limiting step of these reactions, the activation parameters were recorded and discussed.
| DOI | 10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11 |
| Published in | Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016) |
| Page(s) | 69-78 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Permanganate, Oxidation, Fluorenes, Kinetics, Mechanism
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APA Style
Ahmed Fawzy, Rabab J. Jassas, Ismail I. Althagafi, Saleh A. Ahmed, Hatem M. Altass. (2016). A Comparative Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation Behaviour of Halogenated Fluorenes by Permanganate in Alkaline Medium. Science Journal of Chemistry, 4(6), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11
ACS Style
Ahmed Fawzy; Rabab J. Jassas; Ismail I. Althagafi; Saleh A. Ahmed; Hatem M. Altass. A Comparative Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation Behaviour of Halogenated Fluorenes by Permanganate in Alkaline Medium. Sci. J. Chem. 2016, 4(6), 69-78. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11
AMA Style
Ahmed Fawzy, Rabab J. Jassas, Ismail I. Althagafi, Saleh A. Ahmed, Hatem M. Altass. A Comparative Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation Behaviour of Halogenated Fluorenes by Permanganate in Alkaline Medium. Sci J Chem. 2016;4(6):69-78. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11,
author = {Ahmed Fawzy and Rabab J. Jassas and Ismail I. Althagafi and Saleh A. Ahmed and Hatem M. Altass},
title = {A Comparative Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation Behaviour of Halogenated Fluorenes by Permanganate in Alkaline Medium},
journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
volume = {4},
number = {6},
pages = {69-78},
doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20160406.11},
abstract = {The oxidation kinetics of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), using potassium permanganate in alkaline medium has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 and at 25 °C. A first order kinetics has been observed in these reactions with respect to [permanganate]. Fractional-first order dependences of the reactions on the [reductants] and [alkali] were revealed. No significant effect on the reaction rates by increasing ionic strength was recorded. Intervention of free radicals was observed in the reactions. The reactions mechanism describing the kinetic results has been proposed which involves formation of 1:1 intermediate complexes between fluorene derivatives and the active species of permanganate. The final reactions products were identified by GC/MS and FT-IR analyses in all cases as the corresponding ketones (9H-fluorenone derivatives). Under comparable experimental conditions, the order of the oxidation rate of fluorine derivatives was: Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br > Fl-Cl. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the reactions mechanism have been evaluated. With admiration to rate-limiting step of these reactions, the activation parameters were recorded and discussed.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - A Comparative Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation Behaviour of Halogenated Fluorenes by Permanganate in Alkaline Medium AU - Ahmed Fawzy AU - Rabab J. Jassas AU - Ismail I. Althagafi AU - Saleh A. Ahmed AU - Hatem M. Altass Y1 - 2016/11/01 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11 DO - 10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11 T2 - Science Journal of Chemistry JF - Science Journal of Chemistry JO - Science Journal of Chemistry SP - 69 EP - 78 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-099X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20160406.11 AB - The oxidation kinetics of fluorene (Fl) and its halogenated derivatives, namely, 2,7-dichlorofluorene (Fl-Cl), 2,7-dibromofluorene (Fl-Br) and 2,7-diiodofluorene (Fl-I), using potassium permanganate in alkaline medium has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 and at 25 °C. A first order kinetics has been observed in these reactions with respect to [permanganate]. Fractional-first order dependences of the reactions on the [reductants] and [alkali] were revealed. No significant effect on the reaction rates by increasing ionic strength was recorded. Intervention of free radicals was observed in the reactions. The reactions mechanism describing the kinetic results has been proposed which involves formation of 1:1 intermediate complexes between fluorene derivatives and the active species of permanganate. The final reactions products were identified by GC/MS and FT-IR analyses in all cases as the corresponding ketones (9H-fluorenone derivatives). Under comparable experimental conditions, the order of the oxidation rate of fluorine derivatives was: Fl > Fl-I > Fl-Br > Fl-Cl. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the reactions mechanism have been evaluated. With admiration to rate-limiting step of these reactions, the activation parameters were recorded and discussed. VL - 4 IS - 6 ER -
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