An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria

Isah Audu; Abdullahi Usman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria

Isah Audu, Abdullahi Usman

Published in American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 4, Issue 5)

Received: 3 August 2015 Accepted: 17 August 2015 Published: 26 August 2015

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Abstract

Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques does not incorporate the spatial locations of data into their defining computations. Information on spatial continuity of surface water concentrations can help in identifying the magnitude of contamination by runoff and anthropogenic pollutions. In the present study, spatial behavior of five (5) surface water quality parameters of some rivers/streams in Niger State of Nigeria was studied using R geostatistical package gstat, in conjunction with packages sp, rgdal, spatstat and maptools. The variograms and ordinary krigged spatial maps were generated for rainy and dry seasons. The characteristics of the best variable models; range; sill and nugget effects of each parameter were obtained. The variogram analysis indicated a high spatial coherence for E.co, Mg and TDS, whereas TCo and TH indicated a low spatial coherence. The nugget to sill ratios of experimental and linear fitted variogram models in all cases were less than 0.25 indicating that the rivers/streams water level has strong spatial coherence in both seasons. This result shows that linear model is the best for both seasons. Krigged spatial variability maps revealed that an average range of 48km variograms for dry season changes more rapidly than it does in rainy season with an average range of 4.3 km and R2 values of 0.80 to 0.92.

Published in	American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
Page(s)	373-388
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Kriging, Predictions, Experimental Variogram, Nugget, Water Parameters

References

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APA Style

Isah Audu, Abdullahi Usman. (2015). An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 4(5), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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ACS Style

Isah Audu; Abdullahi Usman. An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2015, 4(5), 373-388. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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AMA Style

Isah Audu, Abdullahi Usman. An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2015;4(5):373-388. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18,
  author = {Isah Audu and Abdullahi Usman},
  title = {An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {373-388},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20150405.18},
  abstract = {Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques does not incorporate the spatial locations of data into their defining computations. Information on spatial continuity of surface water concentrations can help in identifying the magnitude of contamination by runoff and anthropogenic pollutions. In the present study, spatial behavior of five (5) surface water quality parameters of some rivers/streams in Niger State of Nigeria was studied using R geostatistical package gstat, in conjunction with packages sp, rgdal, spatstat and maptools. The variograms and ordinary krigged spatial maps were generated for rainy and dry seasons. The characteristics of the best variable models; range; sill and nugget effects of each parameter were obtained. The variogram analysis indicated a high spatial coherence for E.co, Mg and TDS, whereas TCo and TH indicated a low spatial coherence. The nugget to sill ratios of experimental and linear fitted variogram models in all cases were less than 0.25 indicating that the rivers/streams water level has strong spatial coherence in both seasons. This result shows that linear model is the best for both seasons. Krigged spatial variability maps revealed that an average range of 48km variograms for dry season changes more rapidly than it does in rainy season with an average range of 4.3 km and R2 values of 0.80 to 0.92.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria
AU  - Isah Audu
AU  - Abdullahi Usman
Y1  - 2015/08/26
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
SP  - 373
EP  - 388
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
AB  - Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques does not incorporate the spatial locations of data into their defining computations. Information on spatial continuity of surface water concentrations can help in identifying the magnitude of contamination by runoff and anthropogenic pollutions. In the present study, spatial behavior of five (5) surface water quality parameters of some rivers/streams in Niger State of Nigeria was studied using R geostatistical package gstat, in conjunction with packages sp, rgdal, spatstat and maptools. The variograms and ordinary krigged spatial maps were generated for rainy and dry seasons. The characteristics of the best variable models; range; sill and nugget effects of each parameter were obtained. The variogram analysis indicated a high spatial coherence for E.co, Mg and TDS, whereas TCo and TH indicated a low spatial coherence. The nugget to sill ratios of experimental and linear fitted variogram models in all cases were less than 0.25 indicating that the rivers/streams water level has strong spatial coherence in both seasons. This result shows that linear model is the best for both seasons. Krigged spatial variability maps revealed that an average range of 48km variograms for dry season changes more rapidly than it does in rainy season with an average range of 4.3 km and R2 values of 0.80 to 0.92.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Isah Audu

Department of Mathematics & Statistics, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Abdullahi Usman

Academic Planning Unit, Vice Chancellor’s Office, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Isah Audu, Abdullahi Usman. (2015). An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 4(5), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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ACS Style

Isah Audu; Abdullahi Usman. An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2015, 4(5), 373-388. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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AMA Style

Isah Audu, Abdullahi Usman. An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2015;4(5):373-388. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18,
  author = {Isah Audu and Abdullahi Usman},
  title = {An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {373-388},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20150405.18},
  abstract = {Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques does not incorporate the spatial locations of data into their defining computations. Information on spatial continuity of surface water concentrations can help in identifying the magnitude of contamination by runoff and anthropogenic pollutions. In the present study, spatial behavior of five (5) surface water quality parameters of some rivers/streams in Niger State of Nigeria was studied using R geostatistical package gstat, in conjunction with packages sp, rgdal, spatstat and maptools. The variograms and ordinary krigged spatial maps were generated for rainy and dry seasons. The characteristics of the best variable models; range; sill and nugget effects of each parameter were obtained. The variogram analysis indicated a high spatial coherence for E.co, Mg and TDS, whereas TCo and TH indicated a low spatial coherence. The nugget to sill ratios of experimental and linear fitted variogram models in all cases were less than 0.25 indicating that the rivers/streams water level has strong spatial coherence in both seasons. This result shows that linear model is the best for both seasons. Krigged spatial variability maps revealed that an average range of 48km variograms for dry season changes more rapidly than it does in rainy season with an average range of 4.3 km and R2 values of 0.80 to 0.92.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Application of Geostatistics to Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Rivers and Streams in Niger State, Nigeria
AU  - Isah Audu
AU  - Abdullahi Usman
Y1  - 2015/08/26
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
SP  - 373
EP  - 388
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.18
AB  - Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques does not incorporate the spatial locations of data into their defining computations. Information on spatial continuity of surface water concentrations can help in identifying the magnitude of contamination by runoff and anthropogenic pollutions. In the present study, spatial behavior of five (5) surface water quality parameters of some rivers/streams in Niger State of Nigeria was studied using R geostatistical package gstat, in conjunction with packages sp, rgdal, spatstat and maptools. The variograms and ordinary krigged spatial maps were generated for rainy and dry seasons. The characteristics of the best variable models; range; sill and nugget effects of each parameter were obtained. The variogram analysis indicated a high spatial coherence for E.co, Mg and TDS, whereas TCo and TH indicated a low spatial coherence. The nugget to sill ratios of experimental and linear fitted variogram models in all cases were less than 0.25 indicating that the rivers/streams water level has strong spatial coherence in both seasons. This result shows that linear model is the best for both seasons. Krigged spatial variability maps revealed that an average range of 48km variograms for dry season changes more rapidly than it does in rainy season with an average range of 4.3 km and R2 values of 0.80 to 0.92.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download