International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences

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Anthropometric Measurements and the Effect of Breakfast Sources in School Achievement, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake for 6-13 Years Old Primary School Children Girls in Makkah City

Received: 06 June 2013    Accepted:     Published: 20 October 2013
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Abstract

Background: Many studies run in Saudi Arabia to seize obesity and food related diseases, but lack of data on anthropometric status and related health problems in primary school girls in western area promoted further research. Objectives: To determine the patterns of growth status on children, to compare between home and school breakfast with the consumption of macronutrient and minerals, physical activity. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 165 students girls from 3 schools in Makkah in primary schools aged between (6 and 13 years). Their height and weight were measured and weight for age, height for age and body mass index (BMI) for age were calculated. The children's information was obtained by interview and 24hr recall was completed by mothers for accuracy. Frequencies, mean, SD, differences between groups using chi square test and 24hr recall dietary analysis, were measured by SPSS package (Version 16.0). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity, underweight, wasting, and stunting were 29.5%, 20%, 20% and 11% respectively. Lower vitamin B12 intake was associated with stunting. There was association between underweight and stunting. The mean for the macronutrients was high, except for fat mean which was within RDI. Total calories come from carbohydrate 48.9%, Protein 18.5%, and Fat 32.6%. A higher percentage of school breakfast consumers had low physical activity level compared to their counterparts (50.6% vs. 28.8%). Moreover, the former group had lower school achievement level vs. home breakfast consumers (89%vs.57.8%). Conclusion: Preventive measures should be instituted by health authorities to prevent further increase in the prevalence of overweight, wasting, and stunting in school- aged children. It is becoming a priority to establish school and adolescent nutrition and health programmes, with the emphasis on increasing physical education and consumption of healthy diet.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12
Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013)
Page(s) 272-279
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anthropometry, Nutritional Status, Health, Primary School Children

References
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Author Information
  • Dept. of Clinical Nutrition in the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm al-Qura University Makkah, KSA

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    Hassan Mazher Bukhari. (2013). Anthropometric Measurements and the Effect of Breakfast Sources in School Achievement, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake for 6-13 Years Old Primary School Children Girls in Makkah City. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(6), 272-279. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12

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    Hassan Mazher Bukhari. Anthropometric Measurements and the Effect of Breakfast Sources in School Achievement, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake for 6-13 Years Old Primary School Children Girls in Makkah City. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2013, 2(6), 272-279. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12

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    AMA Style

    Hassan Mazher Bukhari. Anthropometric Measurements and the Effect of Breakfast Sources in School Achievement, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake for 6-13 Years Old Primary School Children Girls in Makkah City. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;2(6):272-279. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12,
      author = {Hassan Mazher Bukhari},
      title = {Anthropometric Measurements and the Effect of Breakfast Sources in School Achievement, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake for 6-13 Years Old Primary School Children Girls in Makkah City},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {272-279},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20130206.12},
      abstract = {Background: Many studies run in Saudi Arabia to seize obesity and food related diseases, but lack of data on anthropometric status and related health problems in primary school girls in western area promoted further research. Objectives: To determine the patterns of growth status on children, to compare between home and school breakfast with the consumption of macronutrient and minerals, physical activity. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 165 students girls from 3 schools in Makkah in primary schools aged between (6 and 13 years). Their height and weight were measured and weight for age, height for age and body mass index (BMI) for age were calculated. The children's information was obtained by interview and 24hr recall was completed by mothers for accuracy. Frequencies, mean, SD, differences between groups using chi square test and 24hr recall dietary analysis, were measured by SPSS package (Version 16.0). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity, underweight, wasting, and stunting were 29.5%, 20%, 20% and 11% respectively. Lower vitamin B12 intake was associated with stunting. There was association between underweight and stunting. The mean for the macronutrients was high, except for fat mean which was within RDI. Total calories come from carbohydrate 48.9%, Protein 18.5%, and Fat 32.6%. A higher percentage of school breakfast consumers had low physical activity level compared to their counterparts (50.6% vs. 28.8%). Moreover, the former group had lower school achievement level vs. home breakfast consumers (89%vs.57.8%). Conclusion: Preventive measures should be instituted by health authorities to prevent further increase in the prevalence of overweight, wasting, and stunting in school- aged children. It is becoming a priority to establish school and adolescent nutrition and health programmes, with the emphasis on increasing physical education and consumption of healthy diet.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Anthropometric Measurements and the Effect of Breakfast Sources in School Achievement, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake for 6-13 Years Old Primary School Children Girls in Makkah City
    AU  - Hassan Mazher Bukhari
    Y1  - 2013/10/20
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 272
    EP  - 279
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.12
    AB  - Background: Many studies run in Saudi Arabia to seize obesity and food related diseases, but lack of data on anthropometric status and related health problems in primary school girls in western area promoted further research. Objectives: To determine the patterns of growth status on children, to compare between home and school breakfast with the consumption of macronutrient and minerals, physical activity. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 165 students girls from 3 schools in Makkah in primary schools aged between (6 and 13 years). Their height and weight were measured and weight for age, height for age and body mass index (BMI) for age were calculated. The children's information was obtained by interview and 24hr recall was completed by mothers for accuracy. Frequencies, mean, SD, differences between groups using chi square test and 24hr recall dietary analysis, were measured by SPSS package (Version 16.0). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity, underweight, wasting, and stunting were 29.5%, 20%, 20% and 11% respectively. Lower vitamin B12 intake was associated with stunting. There was association between underweight and stunting. The mean for the macronutrients was high, except for fat mean which was within RDI. Total calories come from carbohydrate 48.9%, Protein 18.5%, and Fat 32.6%. A higher percentage of school breakfast consumers had low physical activity level compared to their counterparts (50.6% vs. 28.8%). Moreover, the former group had lower school achievement level vs. home breakfast consumers (89%vs.57.8%). Conclusion: Preventive measures should be instituted by health authorities to prevent further increase in the prevalence of overweight, wasting, and stunting in school- aged children. It is becoming a priority to establish school and adolescent nutrition and health programmes, with the emphasis on increasing physical education and consumption of healthy diet.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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