Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Abera Ademasu; Bizuayehu Kerisew; Endalkachew Nibret; Abayneh Munshea; Melaku Adal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

| Peer-Reviewed

Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Abera Ademasu, Bizuayehu Kerisew, Endalkachew Nibret, Abayneh Munshea, Melaku Adal

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 3 July 2014 Accepted: 16 July 2014 Published: 30 July 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Background: Among several trace elements, zinc is a micronutrient that has a very significant role in maintaining immune function. Studies investigating trace elements status in people living with HIV/AIDS are few in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of serum zinc among sex and age matched pre ART and on ART adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 people living with HIV/AIDS (75 pre -ART and 75 on -ART) adults. Concentrations of zinc from serum were measured using fully automated flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, hemoglobin determination, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed to evaluate the clinical status of study participants. Results: Serum zinc deficiencies were observed in 46 (30.7%) study participants. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-ART study participants were nearly four times more likely at risk of serum zinc deficiency than on-ART study participants (AOR=3.56, 95% CI=1.52 to 8.32). Similarly, the odds of being serum zinc deficient were three times more in undernourished study participants than nourished study participants (AOR=2.61, 95% CI=1.02 to 6.67). Conclusion: A relatively high percentage of study participants had serum zinc deficiency. Early evaluation of serum zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation along with anti-retroviral treatment should be considered for pre-ART and under nourished adult people living with HIV/AIDS.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
Page(s)	311-317
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antiretroviral Therapy, Bahir Dar, HIV/AIDS, Serum Zinc Deficiency

References

[1]	Marston, B., De. Cock, K.M.(2004) Multivitamins, Nutrition, and Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Disease in Africa. N. Eng. J. Med. 351: 78-80.
[2]	Caddell, J.L. (1996). A review of evidence for a role of magnesium and possible copper deficiency in necrotizing enterocolitis. Magn. Res. 9: 55-66.
[3]	Alarcon, O.M, Reinosa-fulter, J., Silva, T.M, Angarita, C., Teran, E., Nava, M., Solano, P., Agostineki, M. (1997). Serum level of Zn, Cu and Fe in healthy school children residing in Merida, Venezuela. Arch. Latinoam Nutr. 47: 118-122.
[4]	Lindahl, M., Leanderson, P., Tagesson, C. (1998). Novel aspects of metal fume fever. Zinc stimulates oxygen radicals’ formation in human neutrophills. Human Exp. Toxicol. 17: 105-110.
[5]	Prasad, A. (2000). Effect of zinc deficiency on immune function: J Trace Elements Exp Med.13:1-20
[6]	Tang, A.M., Graham, N.M.H., Saah, A.J.(1996). Effects of micronutrient intake on survival in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Am J Epidemiol. 143: 1244–56.
[7]	Fawzi, W.(2003 Micronutrients and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression among Adults and Children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37: S112-116.
[8]	Friis, H. and Michaelsen, K.(1998), Micronutrients in HIV infection: a review. European J. Clin. Nutr. 52: 157-163
[9]	Jones, C.Y., Tang, A.M., Forrester, J.E., et al.(2006) Micronutrient levels and HIV disease status in HIV-infected patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 43: 475–82.
[10]	Wellinghausen, N., Kern, W.V., Jochle, W., Kern, P.(2000). Zinc serum concentration in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in relation to immunological status. Biol Elem Trace Res. 73: 139–49.
[11]	Falcone, E., Mangili, A., Tang ,M., Jones ,Y., Woods , N., Polak .F., and Awanke ,C.(2010) Micronutrient concentrations and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 91: 1213–9.
[12]	Semba, R.D. and Tang, A.M.(1999) Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. British Journal of Nutrition. 81: 181–189.
[13]	Kassu, A., Yabutani. T., Mulu, A., Tessema. B., Ota, F.(2008) Serum zinc, copper, selenium, calcium, and magnesium levels in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Biological Trace Element Research. 122(2):97-106.
[14]	Tsegaye, A., Messele, T., Tilahun, T., Hailu, E., Sahlu, T., Doorly, R., Fontanet, A., Rinke de Wit, T. F. (1999). Immunohematological Reference Ranges for Adult Ethiopians. American Society for Microbiology. 410-414
[15]	Gillet, P., Boel, L., Jacobs, J. (2009). Practical notes on tropical hematology, Postgraduate in tropical medicine and international health module 2 clinical and biomedical sciences of tropical diseases.1-77
[16]	WHO. (2006). WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. HIV/AIDS Programme, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
[17]	Mahajan, R., Walia, T., Sumanjit. (2005). Trace Element Estimation, Methods & Clinical Context: J Health Allied Scs; 1:1.
[18]	Duh, S.H., Cook, J.D. (2005). Laboratory reference range values. APP 96-111
[19]	WHO. (1995). Physical Status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry; report of a WHO expert committee. Geneva.
[20]	Bursac, Z., Gauss, C. H., Williams, D. K., Hosmer, D. W. 2008. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression: Biology and Medicine 2008, 3:17
[21]	Marcela, S., Susana, F. and Nora, H. S. (2007) Nutritional status in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. British Journal of Nutrition. 98: S140-S143.
[22]	Khalili, H., Soudbakhsh, A., Hajiabdolbaghi, M., Dashti-Khavidaki, S., Poorzare, A., Saeedi, A.A. and Sharififar, R.(2008) Nutritional status and serum zinc and selenium levels in Iranian HIV infected individuals . BMC Infectious Diseases. 8: 165.
[23]	Visser, M. E. Maartens G., Kossew G. and Hussey G. D.(2003). Plasma vitamin A and zinc levels in HIV-infected adults. British Journal of Nutrition. 89: 475–482.
[24]	Fufa, H., Umeta, M., Taffesse, S., Mokhtar, N., Aguenaou, H.(2009) Nutritional and immunological status and their associations among HIV-infected adults. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : The United Nations Universty. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 30(3): 227-232.
[25]	Amare, B., Tafess, K., Ota, F., Moges, F., Moges, B., Andualem, B., Yabutani, T and Kassu, A. (2011). Serum concentration of selenium in diarrheic patients with and without HIV/AIDS in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. J AIDS Clinic Res 2:128.
[26]	Ndeezi, G., Tumwine, K., Bolann, J., Ndugwa, M., Thorkild, T. (2010) Zinc status in HIV infected Ugandan children aged 1-5 years: a cross sectional baseline survey. BMC Pediatrics, 10 (68): 1-7
[27]	Ramadevi-Bhimavarapu, K. Priya Chitra, M. Ramaswamy, Prabhu Karunakaran, Ambati Brahma Reddy, B.Samyuktha Rani. (2010). Nutritional Status and Serum Zinc Levels in HIV Infected Individuals Compared to Control Participants Undergoing Anti Retro Viral Therapy (ART). Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2 (11): 745-751
[28]	Malviya, A., Hasan, H., Hussain, A. (2009). Correlation of CD4+ T cell count with serum Zinc, Copper and Selenium in HIV positive individuals. The Internet Journal of Epidemiology. 6:2. DOI: 10.5580/e5b
[29]	Diaz Romero. C., Henr quez S., L pez Blanco F., Rodr guez R., Serra Majem L. (2002) Serum copper and zinc concentrations in a representative sample of the Canarian population. J Trace Elem Med Biol; 16:75-81.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abera Ademasu, Bizuayehu Kerisew, Endalkachew Nibret, Abayneh Munshea, Melaku Adal. (2014). Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(4), 311-317. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Abera Ademasu; Bizuayehu Kerisew; Endalkachew Nibret; Abayneh Munshea; Melaku Adal. Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(4), 311-317. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Abera Ademasu, Bizuayehu Kerisew, Endalkachew Nibret, Abayneh Munshea, Melaku Adal. Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(4):311-317. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22,
  author = {Abera Ademasu and Bizuayehu Kerisew and Endalkachew Nibret and Abayneh Munshea and Melaku Adal},
  title = {Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {311-317},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140304.22},
  abstract = {Background: Among several trace elements, zinc is a micronutrient that has a very significant role in maintaining immune function. Studies investigating trace elements status in people living with HIV/AIDS are few in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of serum zinc among sex and age matched pre ART and on ART adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 people living with HIV/AIDS (75 pre -ART and 75 on -ART) adults. Concentrations of zinc from serum were measured using fully automated flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, hemoglobin determination, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed to evaluate the clinical status of study participants. Results: Serum zinc deficiencies were observed in 46 (30.7%) study participants. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-ART study participants were nearly four times more likely at risk of serum zinc deficiency than on-ART study participants (AOR=3.56, 95% CI=1.52 to 8.32). Similarly, the odds of being serum zinc deficient were three times more in undernourished study participants than nourished study participants (AOR=2.61, 95% CI=1.02 to 6.67). Conclusion: A relatively high percentage of study participants had serum zinc deficiency. Early evaluation of serum zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation along with anti-retroviral treatment should be considered for pre-ART and under nourished adult people living with HIV/AIDS.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia
AU  - Abera Ademasu
AU  - Bizuayehu Kerisew
AU  - Endalkachew Nibret
AU  - Abayneh Munshea
AU  - Melaku Adal
Y1  - 2014/07/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 311
EP  - 317
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
AB  - Background: Among several trace elements, zinc is a micronutrient that has a very significant role in maintaining immune function. Studies investigating trace elements status in people living with HIV/AIDS are few in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of serum zinc among sex and age matched pre ART and on ART adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 people living with HIV/AIDS (75 pre -ART and 75 on -ART) adults. Concentrations of zinc from serum were measured using fully automated flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, hemoglobin determination, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed to evaluate the clinical status of study participants. Results: Serum zinc deficiencies were observed in 46 (30.7%) study participants. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-ART study participants were nearly four times more likely at risk of serum zinc deficiency than on-ART study participants (AOR=3.56, 95% CI=1.52 to 8.32). Similarly, the odds of being serum zinc deficient were three times more in undernourished study participants than nourished study participants (AOR=2.61, 95% CI=1.02 to 6.67). Conclusion: A relatively high percentage of study participants had serum zinc deficiency. Early evaluation of serum zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation along with anti-retroviral treatment should be considered for pre-ART and under nourished adult people living with HIV/AIDS.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Abera Ademasu

Bahir Dar Health Science College, department of Medical laboratory Technology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Bizuayehu Kerisew

University of Bahir Dar, College of Science, department of Biology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Endalkachew Nibret

University of Bahir Dar, College of Science, department of Biology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Abayneh Munshea

University of Bahir Dar, College of Science, department of Biology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Melaku Adal

University of Bahir Dar, College of Science, department of Biology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abera Ademasu, Bizuayehu Kerisew, Endalkachew Nibret, Abayneh Munshea, Melaku Adal. (2014). Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(4), 311-317. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Abera Ademasu; Bizuayehu Kerisew; Endalkachew Nibret; Abayneh Munshea; Melaku Adal. Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(4), 311-317. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Abera Ademasu, Bizuayehu Kerisew, Endalkachew Nibret, Abayneh Munshea, Melaku Adal. Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(4):311-317. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22,
  author = {Abera Ademasu and Bizuayehu Kerisew and Endalkachew Nibret and Abayneh Munshea and Melaku Adal},
  title = {Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {311-317},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140304.22},
  abstract = {Background: Among several trace elements, zinc is a micronutrient that has a very significant role in maintaining immune function. Studies investigating trace elements status in people living with HIV/AIDS are few in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of serum zinc among sex and age matched pre ART and on ART adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 people living with HIV/AIDS (75 pre -ART and 75 on -ART) adults. Concentrations of zinc from serum were measured using fully automated flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, hemoglobin determination, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed to evaluate the clinical status of study participants. Results: Serum zinc deficiencies were observed in 46 (30.7%) study participants. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-ART study participants were nearly four times more likely at risk of serum zinc deficiency than on-ART study participants (AOR=3.56, 95% CI=1.52 to 8.32). Similarly, the odds of being serum zinc deficient were three times more in undernourished study participants than nourished study participants (AOR=2.61, 95% CI=1.02 to 6.67). Conclusion: A relatively high percentage of study participants had serum zinc deficiency. Early evaluation of serum zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation along with anti-retroviral treatment should be considered for pre-ART and under nourished adult people living with HIV/AIDS.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Serum Zinc Deficiency and Associated Factors among Pre-ART and on-ART Adults at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia
AU  - Abera Ademasu
AU  - Bizuayehu Kerisew
AU  - Endalkachew Nibret
AU  - Abayneh Munshea
AU  - Melaku Adal
Y1  - 2014/07/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 311
EP  - 317
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.22
AB  - Background: Among several trace elements, zinc is a micronutrient that has a very significant role in maintaining immune function. Studies investigating trace elements status in people living with HIV/AIDS are few in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of serum zinc among sex and age matched pre ART and on ART adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 people living with HIV/AIDS (75 pre -ART and 75 on -ART) adults. Concentrations of zinc from serum were measured using fully automated flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, hemoglobin determination, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed to evaluate the clinical status of study participants. Results: Serum zinc deficiencies were observed in 46 (30.7%) study participants. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-ART study participants were nearly four times more likely at risk of serum zinc deficiency than on-ART study participants (AOR=3.56, 95% CI=1.52 to 8.32). Similarly, the odds of being serum zinc deficient were three times more in undernourished study participants than nourished study participants (AOR=2.61, 95% CI=1.02 to 6.67). Conclusion: A relatively high percentage of study participants had serum zinc deficiency. Early evaluation of serum zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation along with anti-retroviral treatment should be considered for pre-ART and under nourished adult people living with HIV/AIDS.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download