International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences

| Peer-Reviewed |

Anthropometric Measurements Determinant Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children in Selected Areas of Iran and India: A Comparative Study

Received: 03 September 2014    Accepted: 19 September 2014    Published: 30 September 2014
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is a widespread problem in developing countries. Information on nutritional status of primary school children are not enough in Iran and India. The present study, made to assess prevalence of undernutrtion, stunting and wasting among urban school children in Mumbai in India and Ahwaz in Iran. Methods: Height and weight of 4570 including 2234 Iranian (1016 boys, 1218girls) and 2336 Indian (1240 boys, 1096 girls), aged 6-9 years, attending primary schools residing in Mumbai, India and Ahwaz, Iran were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated. The World Health Organization‘s (WHO) anthropometric indices of weight-for-age (WA) and height-for-age (HA) and weight-for-height were used to assess the children's nutritional status. Results: Underweight, stunting and wasting occurred in 3.2%, 1.5% and 4.1%% of Indian and 0.2%, 5.4% and 1.7% of Iranian children. WAZ mean scores of children were -0.071±1.195 for boys and -0.287±3.241 for girls in Iran and -0.238±0.823 for boys and 0.108±1.080 for girls in India. HAZ mean scores were -0.163±1.219 for boys and -0.515±3.141 for girls in Iran and -0.028±0.770 and -0.017±0.993 for girls in India. BMI mean scores were 0.044±1.081 for boys and 0.304±0.957 for girls in Iran and -0.345±0.796 for boys and -0.181±1.281 for girls in India. Among Iranian children0.2% (χ2=30.428, p=0.000) and 3.2% Indian children had weight for age z-scores below - 2 SD (χ2=55.361, p=0.000). Only 1.5% Indian children and 5.4% Iranian children had height for age z-scores below -2SD (χ2=11.553, p=0.000 and χ2=24.034, p=0.000). In Iran 1.7% and 4.1% of Indian children were wasted (χ2=11.176, p=0.004 and χ2=40.088, p=0.000).Among Indian children, 1.3% had weight for height z –scores > +2SD compared to 3.6% Iranian children.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24
Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2014)
Page(s) 455-461
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anthropometric Measurements, Nutritional Status, Schoolchildren

References
[1] Beasley, D.A.; Wedge, J.H.; McCulloch, R.G.; Martin, A.D. and SC. Bernhardson. Epidemiology of fractures of the distal end of the radius in children as associated with growth. J Bone Joint Surgery Am 71:1225–1231, 2002.
[2] Walker, M.; Christopher, D.; John, B.; Watkins and W. Allan (2008) Nutrition in pediatrics: basic science, clinical application. Hamilton: BC Decker. pp. 127–141.
[3] UNICEF (2010) The State of the World‘s Children 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[4] Frank G.C. Changes in Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Food Packages. Obesity Management; 2:96, 2008.
[5] Daboné, ch.; Hélène, F.; Delisle and R. Olivier. Poor nutritional status of schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Nutrition Journal, 10:34, 2011.
[6] United Nations (2000) World Population Prospects 1950-2050 (The 2000 Revision). New York: UN.
[7] Som S, Pal M, Bharati P. Role of individual and household level factors on stunting: a comparative study in three Indian states. Ann Hum Biol, 34:632-646, 2007.
[8] Dutta, A.; pant, K.; Puthia, R.; Sah, A. Prevalence of undernutrition among children in the Garhwal Himalayas. Food and Nutr Bull, 30:77-81, 2009.
[9] Rao, VG.; Yadav, R.; Dolla, CK.; Kumar, S.; Bhondeley, MK.; Ukey, M. Undernutrition and childhood morbidities among tribal preschool children. Indian J Med Res, 122:43-47, 2005.
[10] Mukherjee R. Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children. Medical journal of armed forces of India; 64: 227-231, 2008.
[11] Prabhakar, SC. and MR. Gangadhar. Nutritional status of Jenukuruba tribal children in Mysore District, Karnataka. Anthropologist, 11: 83-88, 2009.
[12] Phadke MA, Gadgil B, Bharucha KE, Shrotri AN, Sastry J, Gupte NA, Brookmeyer R, Paranjape RS, Bulakh PM, Pisal H, et al.: Replacement-fed infants born to HIV-infected mothers in India have a high early postpartum rate of hospitalization. J Nutr, 133(10):3153-3157, 2003.
[13] Lunn P.G. Growth retardation and stunting of children in developing countries. British journal of nutrition; 88:109-110, 2002.
[14] Pathak P.K. Socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in India, 1992-2005. Paper to be presented at the annual meeting of Population Association of America (PAA) at Detroit, Michigan, USA. 2009.
[15] Mahajan P.B., Purty A., Singh Z., Cherian J., Natesan M., Arepally S. and V. Senthilvel. Study of Childhood Obesity Among School Children Aged 6 to 12 Years in Union Territory of Puducherry. Indian J Community Med 36(1): 45–50, 2011.
[16] Raj M., Sundaram K.R., Paul M., Deepa A.S. and R.K. Kumar. Obesity in Indian children: Time trends and relationship with hypertension. Natl Med J India ;20:288–93, 2007.
[17] Subramanyam, V.; Jayashree, R. and M. Rafi (2003) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in affluent adolescent girls in Chennai in 1981 and 1998. Indian Pediatr ; 40:332–6.
[18] Sharma.;B., Mitashree, M.; and Chakrabarty, S. and P. Bharati . Nutritional status of preschool children of Raj Gond - a tribal population in Madhya Pradesh‖ India. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 12 (2). pp. 147-155, 2006.
Author Information
  • Department of food science and nutrition, S.N.D.T. Women’s University, Mumbai, India

  • Department of food science and nutrition, S.N.D.T. Women’s University, Mumbai, India

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sahar Hooshmand, Shobha Udipi. (2014). Anthropometric Measurements Determinant Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children in Selected Areas of Iran and India: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(5), 455-461. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Sahar Hooshmand; Shobha Udipi. Anthropometric Measurements Determinant Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children in Selected Areas of Iran and India: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(5), 455-461. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Sahar Hooshmand, Shobha Udipi. Anthropometric Measurements Determinant Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children in Selected Areas of Iran and India: A Comparative Study. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(5):455-461. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24,
      author = {Sahar Hooshmand and Shobha Udipi},
      title = {Anthropometric Measurements Determinant Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children in Selected Areas of Iran and India: A Comparative Study},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {455-461},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140305.24},
      abstract = {Background: Malnutrition is a widespread problem in developing countries. Information on nutritional status of primary school children are not enough in Iran and India. The present study, made to assess prevalence of undernutrtion, stunting and wasting among urban school children in Mumbai in India and Ahwaz in Iran. Methods: Height and weight of 4570 including 2234 Iranian (1016 boys, 1218girls) and 2336 Indian (1240 boys, 1096 girls), aged 6-9 years, attending primary schools residing in Mumbai, India and Ahwaz, Iran were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated. The World Health Organization‘s (WHO) anthropometric indices of weight-for-age (WA) and height-for-age (HA) and weight-for-height were used to assess the children's nutritional status. Results: Underweight, stunting and wasting occurred in 3.2%, 1.5% and 4.1%% of Indian and 0.2%, 5.4% and 1.7% of Iranian children. WAZ mean scores of children were -0.071±1.195 for boys and -0.287±3.241 for girls in Iran and -0.238±0.823 for boys and 0.108±1.080 for girls in India.  HAZ mean scores were -0.163±1.219 for boys and -0.515±3.141 for girls in Iran and -0.028±0.770 and -0.017±0.993 for girls in India. BMI mean scores were 0.044±1.081 for boys and 0.304±0.957 for girls in Iran and -0.345±0.796 for boys and -0.181±1.281 for girls in India. Among Iranian children0.2% (χ2=30.428, p=0.000) and 3.2% Indian children had weight for age z-scores below - 2 SD (χ2=55.361, p=0.000). Only 1.5% Indian children and 5.4% Iranian children had height for age z-scores below -2SD (χ2=11.553, p=0.000 and χ2=24.034, p=0.000). In Iran 1.7% and 4.1% of Indian children were wasted (χ2=11.176, p=0.004 and χ2=40.088, p=0.000).Among Indian children, 1.3% had weight for height z –scores > +2SD compared to 3.6% Iranian children.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Anthropometric Measurements Determinant Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children in Selected Areas of Iran and India: A Comparative Study
    AU  - Sahar Hooshmand
    AU  - Shobha Udipi
    Y1  - 2014/09/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 455
    EP  - 461
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.24
    AB  - Background: Malnutrition is a widespread problem in developing countries. Information on nutritional status of primary school children are not enough in Iran and India. The present study, made to assess prevalence of undernutrtion, stunting and wasting among urban school children in Mumbai in India and Ahwaz in Iran. Methods: Height and weight of 4570 including 2234 Iranian (1016 boys, 1218girls) and 2336 Indian (1240 boys, 1096 girls), aged 6-9 years, attending primary schools residing in Mumbai, India and Ahwaz, Iran were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated. The World Health Organization‘s (WHO) anthropometric indices of weight-for-age (WA) and height-for-age (HA) and weight-for-height were used to assess the children's nutritional status. Results: Underweight, stunting and wasting occurred in 3.2%, 1.5% and 4.1%% of Indian and 0.2%, 5.4% and 1.7% of Iranian children. WAZ mean scores of children were -0.071±1.195 for boys and -0.287±3.241 for girls in Iran and -0.238±0.823 for boys and 0.108±1.080 for girls in India.  HAZ mean scores were -0.163±1.219 for boys and -0.515±3.141 for girls in Iran and -0.028±0.770 and -0.017±0.993 for girls in India. BMI mean scores were 0.044±1.081 for boys and 0.304±0.957 for girls in Iran and -0.345±0.796 for boys and -0.181±1.281 for girls in India. Among Iranian children0.2% (χ2=30.428, p=0.000) and 3.2% Indian children had weight for age z-scores below - 2 SD (χ2=55.361, p=0.000). Only 1.5% Indian children and 5.4% Iranian children had height for age z-scores below -2SD (χ2=11.553, p=0.000 and χ2=24.034, p=0.000). In Iran 1.7% and 4.1% of Indian children were wasted (χ2=11.176, p=0.004 and χ2=40.088, p=0.000).Among Indian children, 1.3% had weight for height z –scores > +2SD compared to 3.6% Iranian children.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections