American Journal of Environmental Protection

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Continuous Process Design Model Simulation for the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater

Received: 11 September 2014    Accepted: 23 September 2014    Published: 20 October 2014
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Abstract

Simulation of a mathematical model for the design of steady-state continuous reactors required for the anaerobic digestion of wastewaters was carried out. This was obtained so as to make the design of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that would be used for the anaerobic digestion of vegetable oil wastewater (VOW) possible. The model considered the kinetics of the process which has been previously determined during the batch digestion of the wastewater. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) which are important parameters required for the design were estimated by varying different model parameters such as efficiency of reactor, influent substrate concentration (So) and biomass concentration (X) at various food-microorganism ratios (F/M). The HRT was calculated for different reactor efficiency (E) varying in the range of 70-95% at a constant influent substrate concentration. It was observed that the HRT increased with increase in efficiency ranging between 1.10 to 7.06 days. HRT also increased as the biomass concentration increased. SRT at constant influent substrate concentration and biomass concentration were observed to increase as the reactor efficiency increased. The effect of different substrate concentration on HRT to attain a targeted efficiency in the CSTR under steady state condition was also studied. It was observed that HRT linearly increased with increase in influent substrate concentration at constant reactor efficiency and biomass concentration. HRT also increased with decrease in biomass concentration and constant reactor efficiency for a particular substrate concentration. There was also an increase in HRT as reactor efficiency increased at constant biomass and influent substrate concentrations. SRT calculated at E1 (70%) and E2 (80%) efficiencies were observed to decrease with increase in influent substrate concentration. As the efficiencies of the reactor increased, SRT was also observed to increase. With the information obtained from the model simulation, a continuous stirred tank reactor that would treat VOW by anaerobic digestion could be designed.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11
Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2014)
Page(s) 209-216
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anaerobic Digestion, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), Process Design Model, Model Simulation, Vegetable Oil Wastewater (VOW)

References
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[2] Chipasa, K.B. (2001) Limits of Physicochemical Treatment of Wastewater in the Vegetable Oil Refining Industry. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 10(3):141-147.
[3] Rajeshwari, K.V., Balakrishnan, M., Kansal, A., Lata, K. and Kishore, V.V.N. (2000) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2000): 135-156.
[4] De Mez, T.Z.D., Stams, A.J.M., Reith, J.H. and Zeeman, G. (2003) Methane Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater and Solid Wastes. Dutch Biological Hydrogen Foundation, C/O Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands.
[5] Randa, M.O. (2014) Anaerobic Fermentation of Industrial Wastewater (Review Article), Open Journal of Chemical Engineering and Science, 1(1):50-78.
[6] Siddique, M.N.I. and Zularisam, A.W. (2012) Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Application for Renewable Methane from Anaerobic Biodegradation of Petrochemical Wastewater. Engineering e-Transaction, 7(1):23-27.
[7] Nasir, I., Ghazi, T.I.M. and Omar, R. (2012) Anaerobic Digestion Technology in Livestock Manure Treatment for biogas production: A Review. Engineering Life Sciences, 12(3):258-269.
[8] Stewart, S.W. (2004) Co-Generation Opportunities Utilizing Sugar Industry Wastewater Through the Use of Biological Treatment Systems. Electricity Supply Industry in Transition: Issues and Prospect for Asia, 14-16:43-51.
[9] Krishna, R.H. (2013) Review of Research on Bio Reactors used in Wastewater Treatment for production of Bio Hydrogen: Future Fuel. International Journal of Science Inventions Today, 2(4):302-310.
[10] Parawira, W. (2004) Anaerobic Treatment of Agricultural Residues and Wastewater: Application of High-Rate Reactors. Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Sweden.
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[12] Demirel, B., Scherer P., Yenigun, O. and Onay, T.T. (2010) Production of Methane and Hydrogen from Biomass through Conventional and High-Rate Anaerobic Digestion Processes. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 40:116-146.
[13] Mullai, P., Huu-Hao, N., Sabarathinam, P. (2011) Substrate Removal Kinetics of an Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor Treating Pharmaceutical Wastewater. Journal of Water Sustainability. 1(3):301-312.
[14] Greenwood, S., Anderson, C., Rieth, M. and Stein, T. (2002) A Constant SRT Calculated from Liquid Flows Improves BNR Activated Sludge Performance. Central States Waster Environment Association, Illinois. www.cswea.org/papers/2002Radebaugh.pfd
[15] Aline, F.V., Geraldo, F. S Jr. (2008) Is Hydraulic Retention Time an Essential Parameter for MBR Performance? Elsevier Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150(1):185-186.
[16] Parviz, M., Shaliza, I., Mohamad, S. M. A., Shahin, G., Sabaratnam, V., Ali, A. Z. (2012) Influences of Environmental and Operational Factors on Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production: A Review. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 40(11):1297-1305.
[17] Asok, A., Debabrata M. and Pratip, B. (2011) Simulation of a Process Design Model for Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Wastes. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering. (3)3:177-182.
[18] Nwabanne, J.T., Onukwuli, O.D. and Ifeakandu, C.M. (2009) Biokinetics of Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Waste. International Journal of Environmental Resources. 3(4):551-556.
[19] Nweke, C.N., Nwabanne, J.T. and Igbokwe, P.K. (2014) Kinetics of Batch Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater. In press.
[20] Nwabanne, J.T., Okoye, A.C. and Ezedinma, H.C. (2012) Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Canadian Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences. 6(1):1877-1881.
[21] Haydar, S. and Aziz, J.A. (2009) Kinetic Coefficients for the Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Using Activated Sludge Process, Pak. J. Engg. & Appl. Sci. 5:39-43.
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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Nigeria

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    Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka, Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo. (2014). Continuous Process Design Model Simulation for the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 3(5), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11

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    ACS Style

    Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka; Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo. Continuous Process Design Model Simulation for the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2014, 3(5), 209-216. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11

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    AMA Style

    Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka, Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo. Continuous Process Design Model Simulation for the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater. Am J Environ Prot. 2014;3(5):209-216. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11,
      author = {Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka and Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo},
      title = {Continuous Process Design Model Simulation for the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {209-216},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20140305.11},
      abstract = {Simulation of a mathematical model for the design of steady-state continuous reactors required for the anaerobic digestion of wastewaters was carried out. This was obtained so as to make the design of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that would be used for the anaerobic digestion of vegetable oil wastewater (VOW) possible. The model considered the kinetics of the process which has been previously determined during the batch digestion of the wastewater. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) which are important parameters required for the design were estimated by varying different model parameters such as efficiency of reactor, influent substrate concentration (So) and biomass concentration (X) at various food-microorganism ratios (F/M). The HRT was calculated for different reactor efficiency (E) varying in the range of 70-95% at a constant influent substrate concentration. It was observed that the HRT increased with increase in efficiency ranging between 1.10 to 7.06 days. HRT also increased as the biomass concentration increased. SRT at constant influent substrate concentration and biomass concentration were observed to increase as the reactor efficiency increased. The effect of different substrate concentration on HRT to attain a targeted efficiency in the CSTR under steady state condition was also studied. It was observed that HRT linearly increased with increase in influent substrate concentration at constant reactor efficiency and biomass concentration. HRT also increased with decrease in biomass concentration and constant reactor efficiency for a particular substrate concentration. There was also an increase in HRT as reactor efficiency increased at constant biomass and influent substrate concentrations. SRT calculated at E1 (70%) and E2 (80%) efficiencies were observed to decrease with increase in influent substrate concentration. As the efficiencies of the reactor increased, SRT was also observed to increase. With the information obtained from the model simulation, a continuous stirred tank reactor that would treat VOW by anaerobic digestion could be designed.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Continuous Process Design Model Simulation for the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Oil Wastewater
    AU  - Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka
    AU  - Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.11
    AB  - Simulation of a mathematical model for the design of steady-state continuous reactors required for the anaerobic digestion of wastewaters was carried out. This was obtained so as to make the design of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that would be used for the anaerobic digestion of vegetable oil wastewater (VOW) possible. The model considered the kinetics of the process which has been previously determined during the batch digestion of the wastewater. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) which are important parameters required for the design were estimated by varying different model parameters such as efficiency of reactor, influent substrate concentration (So) and biomass concentration (X) at various food-microorganism ratios (F/M). The HRT was calculated for different reactor efficiency (E) varying in the range of 70-95% at a constant influent substrate concentration. It was observed that the HRT increased with increase in efficiency ranging between 1.10 to 7.06 days. HRT also increased as the biomass concentration increased. SRT at constant influent substrate concentration and biomass concentration were observed to increase as the reactor efficiency increased. The effect of different substrate concentration on HRT to attain a targeted efficiency in the CSTR under steady state condition was also studied. It was observed that HRT linearly increased with increase in influent substrate concentration at constant reactor efficiency and biomass concentration. HRT also increased with decrease in biomass concentration and constant reactor efficiency for a particular substrate concentration. There was also an increase in HRT as reactor efficiency increased at constant biomass and influent substrate concentrations. SRT calculated at E1 (70%) and E2 (80%) efficiencies were observed to decrease with increase in influent substrate concentration. As the efficiencies of the reactor increased, SRT was also observed to increase. With the information obtained from the model simulation, a continuous stirred tank reactor that would treat VOW by anaerobic digestion could be designed.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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