Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements

Xu Changxiang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

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Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements

Xu Changxiang

Published in International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 4-1)

Received: 22 June 2016 Accepted: 25 June 2016 Published: 24 August 2016

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Abstract

Any leak-free achievement needs a sealing surface that has microcosmic irregularities fully complementary to a surface to be sealed and that can be qualified only by compressive working or installing in position. ASME Code mistakes the working stress needed to result in a qualified gasket in installation for the stress needed to enable a qualified gasket to function well or maintain its leak-free connection, and only considers the influence of the sealing material's strength but never its elasticity on sealing. Undoubtedly, ASME Code's leak-free Maintenance Factor m and Minimum Necessary Sealing Stress y of gaskets are both wrong in values. Similarly, neither is the gasket parameters system substituted for the gasket factors m and y by PVRC and EN 13555. Actually, the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a sealing contact layer, the more difficult for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; whereas the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a contact layer substrate, the easier for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; i.e. the index used to measure the difficulty for a sealing element to create or maintain a leak-free connection is its sealing difficulty factor m1 = its contact's elastic modulus E_c/its substrate's elastic modulus E_s; so it is the most difficult for a rubber element to create or maintain a leak-free connection because its m₁ ≡ 1, the easiest for a grease coating because its m₁ = 0, and easier for the other sealing elements than for a rubber element because their m₁ can be made smaller than 1 (or m₁ < 1) by designing and coating.

Published in	International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 4-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Xu’s Sealing and Flowing Theories of Fluids
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
Page(s)	35-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Minimum necessary sealing stress y, Sealing difficulty factor m₁, Leak-Free maintenance factor m₂

References

[1]	ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Division 1, Section VIII, Appendix 2 Rules for Bolted Flange Connections with Ring Type Gaskets [S].
[2]	Garlock Technical Manual (GMG 1-11). http://www.garlock.com/en/ http://www.novatec.cr/Garlock-Empaq-Sellos/Juntas_laminados/Graphonic_Manual_tecnico.pdf
[3]	Garlock Metallic Gasket Catalog (GMG 1-1) http://www.garlock.com/en/product/graphonic-metallic-gasket http://galloup.com/downloads/garlock_metallic_gasket_catalog.pdf
[4]	ASTM WK10193 New Recommended Practice for Gasket Constants for Bolted Joint Design [S].
[5]	CETIM Report of ROTT Tests on ASME B16.20 SRI http://www.leadergasket.sk/zertifikate/ROTT_tests_on_ASME_B16.20_SRI.pdf
[6]	EN 13555 Flanges and Their Joints - Gasket Parameters and Test Procedures Relevant to the Design Rules for Gasketed Circular Flange Connections [S].
[7]	XU Changxiang. XU's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals [J].PETRO-CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT，2013,42 (2): 75-85.
[8]	Garlock Helicoflex Master Catalog Metric. http://www.techneticsgroup.com/bin/371.pdf.
[9]	Applications Engineering Department. Gasket Constants for the Layman, Garlock Technical Bulletin [OL]. 2004-09-08. http://www.garlock.com/eng_tools/gasketing/designInformation/Gasket%20Constants%20for%20the%20Layman.pdf.
[10]	TTRL Report of Room Temperature Crush Resistance Tight ness Tests on Selco 4″ Class 150 lb SS316 Gasket [OL]. http://www.selcoseal.com/CrushResistance.pdf.
[11]	Fig.3-8 O-Ring Leak Rate, Parker O-Ring Handbook ORD 5700 http://www.parker.com/literature/ORD%205700%20Parker_O-Ring_Handbook.pdf

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APA Style

Xu Changxiang. (2016). Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 5(4-1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

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ACS Style

Xu Changxiang. Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2016, 5(4-1), 35-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

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AMA Style

Xu Changxiang. Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2016;5(4-1):35-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15,
  author = {Xu Changxiang},
  title = {Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4-1},
  pages = {35-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15},
  abstract = {Any leak-free achievement needs a sealing surface that has microcosmic irregularities fully complementary to a surface to be sealed and that can be qualified only by compressive working or installing in position. ASME Code mistakes the working stress needed to result in a qualified gasket in installation for the stress needed to enable a qualified gasket to function well or maintain its leak-free connection, and only considers the influence of the sealing material's strength but never its elasticity on sealing. Undoubtedly, ASME Code's leak-free Maintenance Factor m and Minimum Necessary Sealing Stress y of gaskets are both wrong in values. Similarly, neither is the gasket parameters system substituted for the gasket factors m and y by PVRC and EN 13555. Actually, the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a sealing contact layer, the more difficult for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; whereas the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a contact layer substrate, the easier for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; i.e. the index used to measure the difficulty for a sealing element to create or maintain a leak-free connection is its sealing difficulty factor m1 = its contact's elastic modulus Ec/its substrate's elastic modulus Es; so it is the most difficult for a rubber element to create or maintain a leak-free connection because its m1 ≡ 1, the easiest for a grease coating because its m1 = 0, and easier for the other sealing elements than for a rubber element because their m1 can be made smaller than 1 (or m1 < 1) by designing and coating.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements
AU  - Xu Changxiang
Y1  - 2016/08/24
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
SP  - 35
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-960X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
AB  - Any leak-free achievement needs a sealing surface that has microcosmic irregularities fully complementary to a surface to be sealed and that can be qualified only by compressive working or installing in position. ASME Code mistakes the working stress needed to result in a qualified gasket in installation for the stress needed to enable a qualified gasket to function well or maintain its leak-free connection, and only considers the influence of the sealing material's strength but never its elasticity on sealing. Undoubtedly, ASME Code's leak-free Maintenance Factor m and Minimum Necessary Sealing Stress y of gaskets are both wrong in values. Similarly, neither is the gasket parameters system substituted for the gasket factors m and y by PVRC and EN 13555. Actually, the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a sealing contact layer, the more difficult for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; whereas the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a contact layer substrate, the easier for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; i.e. the index used to measure the difficulty for a sealing element to create or maintain a leak-free connection is its sealing difficulty factor m1 = its contact's elastic modulus Ec/its substrate's elastic modulus Es; so it is the most difficult for a rubber element to create or maintain a leak-free connection because its m1 ≡ 1, the easiest for a grease coating because its m1 = 0, and easier for the other sealing elements than for a rubber element because their m1 can be made smaller than 1 (or m1 < 1) by designing and coating.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Xu Changxiang

Zhejiang China Valve Co. Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325024, China

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Xu Changxiang. (2016). Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 5(4-1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

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ACS Style

Xu Changxiang. Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2016, 5(4-1), 35-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

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AMA Style

Xu Changxiang. Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2016;5(4-1):35-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15,
  author = {Xu Changxiang},
  title = {Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4-1},
  pages = {35-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15},
  abstract = {Any leak-free achievement needs a sealing surface that has microcosmic irregularities fully complementary to a surface to be sealed and that can be qualified only by compressive working or installing in position. ASME Code mistakes the working stress needed to result in a qualified gasket in installation for the stress needed to enable a qualified gasket to function well or maintain its leak-free connection, and only considers the influence of the sealing material's strength but never its elasticity on sealing. Undoubtedly, ASME Code's leak-free Maintenance Factor m and Minimum Necessary Sealing Stress y of gaskets are both wrong in values. Similarly, neither is the gasket parameters system substituted for the gasket factors m and y by PVRC and EN 13555. Actually, the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a sealing contact layer, the more difficult for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; whereas the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a contact layer substrate, the easier for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; i.e. the index used to measure the difficulty for a sealing element to create or maintain a leak-free connection is its sealing difficulty factor m1 = its contact's elastic modulus Ec/its substrate's elastic modulus Es; so it is the most difficult for a rubber element to create or maintain a leak-free connection because its m1 ≡ 1, the easiest for a grease coating because its m1 = 0, and easier for the other sealing elements than for a rubber element because their m1 can be made smaller than 1 (or m1 < 1) by designing and coating.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Xu's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements
AU  - Xu Changxiang
Y1  - 2016/08/24
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
SP  - 35
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-960X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.15
AB  - Any leak-free achievement needs a sealing surface that has microcosmic irregularities fully complementary to a surface to be sealed and that can be qualified only by compressive working or installing in position. ASME Code mistakes the working stress needed to result in a qualified gasket in installation for the stress needed to enable a qualified gasket to function well or maintain its leak-free connection, and only considers the influence of the sealing material's strength but never its elasticity on sealing. Undoubtedly, ASME Code's leak-free Maintenance Factor m and Minimum Necessary Sealing Stress y of gaskets are both wrong in values. Similarly, neither is the gasket parameters system substituted for the gasket factors m and y by PVRC and EN 13555. Actually, the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a sealing contact layer, the more difficult for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; whereas the stronger the strength and the elasticity of a contact layer substrate, the easier for its sealing element to create or maintain a fully deformed contact; i.e. the index used to measure the difficulty for a sealing element to create or maintain a leak-free connection is its sealing difficulty factor m1 = its contact's elastic modulus Ec/its substrate's elastic modulus Es; so it is the most difficult for a rubber element to create or maintain a leak-free connection because its m1 ≡ 1, the easiest for a grease coating because its m1 = 0, and easier for the other sealing elements than for a rubber element because their m1 can be made smaller than 1 (or m1 < 1) by designing and coating.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4-1
ER  -

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