International Journal of Science, Technology and Society

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Effects of Using 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 Water Cement Ratio Separately With a Nigerian Grade 42.5R Portland Cement

Received: 03 July 2016    Accepted: 11 July 2016    Published: 28 October 2016
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Abstract

This research paper is for the purpose of disseminating the results of an investigation into the effect of water cement ratio of 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 separately while producing most commonly practiced concrete of cement, fine aggregate and coarse by 1:2:4 mixtures. This research study is limited to the use of newly grade 42.5R Portland cement that is being produced in Nigeria recently and of which is readily available. River sand was used as fine aggregate and coarse aggregates used separately were washed gravel, 19 mm and 12.5 mm granites. Nine different concrete mixtures were produced and it is important to note that the results of their slump tests deviated considerably from that of the compacting factor tests correspondingly while considering the degree of workability values. Conducting this research the potential impact derived is that only the use of 19 mm granite with water cement ratio of 0.5 and 0.55 achieved at 28 day flexural strength concrete grade of 4.92 N/mm2 and 4.84 N/mm2 respectively whilst are marginally greater than the standard specification value of 4.5 N/mm2. The significance of this study is that while at when the flexural strength of concrete is satisfied the corresponding tensile strengths values which are 2.684 N/mm2 and 2.590 N/mm2 do not satisfy the required standard specification values which are respectively 3.355 N/mm2 and 3.238 N/mm2. The contribution to knowledge as regards to this research work is in the enlightenment benefit revealed upon the possible prevention of economic loss that can occur due to early rigid pavement failure for roads, petroleum filling station concrete pavements in cities and rural towns or yards for offices and factories due to design of poor concrete proportioning and the use of the new cement.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11
Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016)
Page(s) 80-88
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Workability, Flexural, Compressive, Tensile, Strength, Economy

References
[1] Marotta, T. W. (2005): “Basic Construction Materials”, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
[2] Hebhoub, H., Aoun, H., Belachia, M., Houari, H., and Ghorbel, E. (2011): “Use of Waste Marble Aggregates in Concrete”, Construction Building Materials 25 (3), 1167-1171.
[3] Ukpata, J. O. and Ephraim M. E. (2012): “Flexural and Tensile Strength Properties Concrete Using Lateritic Sand and Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 7 (3): 324-311.
[4] Ilangovana, R., Mahendra, N. and Nagamani, K. (2008): “Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete Containing Quarry Rock Dust (QRD) as Fine Aggregate”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 3 (5): 20-26.
[5] Falade, F. (1999): “Effects of Separation of Grain Sizes of Fine Aggregate on Properties of Concrete Containing Granite Fines”, Journal of the University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Volume 19 Nos. 1, 2 & 3.
[6] AASHTO M 85 (2009): “Standard Specification for Portland Cement (Chemical and Physical)”, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[7] ASTM C 188 (2015): “Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, Density, Hydraulic Cement, Specific Gravity”, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
[8] ASTM C 430 (2008): “Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-Μm (No. 325) Sieve”, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
[9] ASTM C 191 (2013): “Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle”, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
[10] AASHTO T 27 (2014): “Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates”, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[11] AASHTO T 85 (2013): “Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate”, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[12] AASHTO T 84 (2013): “Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate”, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[13] AASHTO T 19 (2014): “Standard Method of Test for Bulk Density (‘Unit Weight’) and Voids in Aggregate”, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[14] AASHTO T 119 (2013): “Standard Method of Test for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete”, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
[15] BS 1881 (2011): “Testing Concrete”, British Standards Institution, London.
[16] BS EN 12390-3 (2009): “Testing Hardened Concrete - Making & Curing Specimens for Strength Tests”, British Standards Institution, London.
[17] ASTM C 78 (2016): “Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)”, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
[18] ASTM C 496 (2011): “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, Splitting Tension, Tensile Strength”, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
Author Information
  • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

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  • APA Style

    Isaac Akiije. (2016). Effects of Using 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 Water Cement Ratio Separately With a Nigerian Grade 42.5R Portland Cement. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 4(6), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11

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    ACS Style

    Isaac Akiije. Effects of Using 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 Water Cement Ratio Separately With a Nigerian Grade 42.5R Portland Cement. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2016, 4(6), 80-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11

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    AMA Style

    Isaac Akiije. Effects of Using 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 Water Cement Ratio Separately With a Nigerian Grade 42.5R Portland Cement. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2016;4(6):80-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11,
      author = {Isaac Akiije},
      title = {Effects of Using 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 Water Cement Ratio Separately With a Nigerian Grade 42.5R Portland Cement},
      journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {80-88},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20160406.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20160406.11},
      abstract = {This research paper is for the purpose of disseminating the results of an investigation into the effect of water cement ratio of 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 separately while producing most commonly practiced concrete of cement, fine aggregate and coarse by 1:2:4 mixtures. This research study is limited to the use of newly grade 42.5R Portland cement that is being produced in Nigeria recently and of which is readily available. River sand was used as fine aggregate and coarse aggregates used separately were washed gravel, 19 mm and 12.5 mm granites. Nine different concrete mixtures were produced and it is important to note that the results of their slump tests deviated considerably from that of the compacting factor tests correspondingly while considering the degree of workability values. Conducting this research the potential impact derived is that only the use of 19 mm granite with water cement ratio of 0.5 and 0.55 achieved at 28 day flexural strength concrete grade of 4.92 N/mm2 and 4.84 N/mm2 respectively whilst are marginally greater than the standard specification value of 4.5 N/mm2. The significance of this study is that while at when the flexural strength of concrete is satisfied the corresponding tensile strengths values which are 2.684 N/mm2 and 2.590 N/mm2 do not satisfy the required standard specification values which are respectively 3.355 N/mm2 and 3.238 N/mm2. The contribution to knowledge as regards to this research work is in the enlightenment benefit revealed upon the possible prevention of economic loss that can occur due to early rigid pavement failure for roads, petroleum filling station concrete pavements in cities and rural towns or yards for offices and factories due to design of poor concrete proportioning and the use of the new cement.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    AU  - Isaac Akiije
    Y1  - 2016/10/28
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    AB  - This research paper is for the purpose of disseminating the results of an investigation into the effect of water cement ratio of 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 separately while producing most commonly practiced concrete of cement, fine aggregate and coarse by 1:2:4 mixtures. This research study is limited to the use of newly grade 42.5R Portland cement that is being produced in Nigeria recently and of which is readily available. River sand was used as fine aggregate and coarse aggregates used separately were washed gravel, 19 mm and 12.5 mm granites. Nine different concrete mixtures were produced and it is important to note that the results of their slump tests deviated considerably from that of the compacting factor tests correspondingly while considering the degree of workability values. Conducting this research the potential impact derived is that only the use of 19 mm granite with water cement ratio of 0.5 and 0.55 achieved at 28 day flexural strength concrete grade of 4.92 N/mm2 and 4.84 N/mm2 respectively whilst are marginally greater than the standard specification value of 4.5 N/mm2. The significance of this study is that while at when the flexural strength of concrete is satisfied the corresponding tensile strengths values which are 2.684 N/mm2 and 2.590 N/mm2 do not satisfy the required standard specification values which are respectively 3.355 N/mm2 and 3.238 N/mm2. The contribution to knowledge as regards to this research work is in the enlightenment benefit revealed upon the possible prevention of economic loss that can occur due to early rigid pavement failure for roads, petroleum filling station concrete pavements in cities and rural towns or yards for offices and factories due to design of poor concrete proportioning and the use of the new cement.
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